ED Decision 2025/007/R
(a) Nose‑gear‑controlled pushback includes either the towbar method, where the rearward movement and steering of the aircraft are controlled by a vehicle and towbar attached to the nose gear, or the towbarless method, where a vehicle is attached directly to the nose gear.
(b) Main‑gear‑controlled pushback involves using a vehicle that grasps the aircraft’s main‑gear tyres to provide rearward movement, while directional control is provided from the flight deck using the nose‑wheel steering system.
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