What are the operational effects of remote ATC incorrectly managing arriving aircraft?

The operational effect of remote ATC incorrectly managing arriving aircraft (OH-03) is that a potential conflict can be induced, leading to an imminent infringement.

Which operational hazard is associated with a tactical conflict due to failure to provide appropriate separation to traffic with respect to restricted areas?

OH-06, 'Remote ATC fails to provide appropriate separation to traffic with respect to restricted areas,' has the operational effect of a tactical conflict.

What is the operational effect of remote ATC failing to detect in time conflicts or potential collisions between aircraft in the vicinity of the aerodrome?

The operational effect of OH-08, 'Remote ATC does not detect in time conflicts/potential collision between aircraft in the vicinity of the aerodrome,' is an imminent collision.

Which hazards have 'runway conflict' as their operational effect?

The hazards with 'runway conflict' as their operational effect are OH-19 (incorrectly manages runway entry for a departing aircraft on an occupied runway), OH-20 (incorrectly manages runway exit for a landing aircraft), OH-21 (incorrectly manages runway crossing on an occupied runway for a vehicle or aircraft), OH-22 (fails to properly support departing and landing aircraft with respect to visual aids), OH-23 (incorrectly manages vehicle-related tasks on the runway), OH-24 (incorrectly manages aircraft take-off on an occupied runway), and OH-25 (incorrectly manages aircraft landing on an occupied runway).

What is the operational effect of remote ATC failing to detect in time runway incursions by aircraft or vehicles?

The operational effect of OH-26, 'Remote ATC fails to detect in time runway incursions (aircraft or vehicles),' is runway penetration.

Which hazard describes the operational effect of 'imminent controlled flight into terrain (CFIT)'?

OH-28, 'Remote ATC fails to detect in time a flight towards terrain in the vicinity of the aerodrome,' has the operational effect of imminent controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).

What is the operational effect of remote ATC failing to establish sufficient wake-turbulence spacing between aircraft?

The operational effect of OH-30 is turbulence in front of the aircraft at a distance less than the separation minima.

Which hazards have 'potential landing accident/runway excursion' as their operational effect?

The hazards with 'potential landing accident/runway excursion' as their operational effect are OH-31 (fails to properly support landing/take-off operations with respect to weather conditions), OH-32 (fails to properly support landing/take-off operations with respect to runway conditions and potential foreign object debris), OH-33 (fails to properly support departing and arriving aircraft on the runway with respect to non-visual aids), and OH-34 (fails to detect in time an intrusion inside landing-air protection area).

How does OH-35 relate to other operational hazards?

OH-35, 'Remote ATC fails to provide appropriate ATC services with respect to operational environment conditions on the aerodrome and its vicinity,' is already covered by more detailed hazards identified above, potentially inducing conflicts in the vicinity of the aerodrome or on the manoeuvring area due to inappropriate understanding of the operational environment conditions. It is related to all other hazards EXCEPT OH-01, OH-08, OH-09, OH-13, OH-16, OH-26, OH-28, and OH-34.

What is the operational effect of incorrectly managing ATC resources in the RTC for the remote provision of ATC services?

OH-36 states that if a controller has to manage more traffic than expected, the controller workload could be negatively impacted, and so the capability to provide ATC services. This hazard is to be considered as part of ALL the other hazards in which controller errors are a potential cause.

Which hazard covers equipment failure or errors as potential causes?

OH-37, 'Remote ATC fails to provide appropriate ATC services due to inappropriate capability of the remote tower system,' is already considered as part of ALL other hazards identified above in which equipment failure/errors are potential causes, potentially inducing conflicts in the vicinity of the aerodrome or on the manoeuvring area.

What is the operational effect of remote ATC providing inadequate taxiing instruction to a vehicle on the manoeuvring area?

The operational effect of OH-15 is an encounter with aircraft, vehicle, or obstacle.

Which hazard has 'tactical taxiway conflict generated' as its operational effect?

OH-12 (fails to provide appropriate information to departing aircraft for start-up), OH-13 (fails to enable push-back/towing operations), and OH-18 (fails to provide navigation support to aircraft and vehicle on the manoeuvring area) all have 'tactical taxiway conflict generated' as their operational effect.

What is the operational effect of remote ATC failing to provide appropriate instruction to resolve a conflict between traffic in the vicinity of the aerodrome?

The operational effect of OH-10 is an imminent collision.

Which hazard is associated with 'imminent infringement' as its operational effect?

Hazards with 'imminent infringement' as their operational effect include OH-01 (incorrectly coordinates with other ATS unit), OH-02 (incorrectly manages entry into traffic circuit), OH-03 (incorrectly manages arriving aircraft), OH-04 (incorrectly manages departing aircraft), OH-05 (fails to provide appropriate separation to traffic in the vicinity of the aerodrome), and OH-07 (incorrectly manages missed approach situation).

What is the operational effect of remote ATC failing to detect in time restricted area infringements?

The operational effect of OH-09 is a tactical conflict.

Which hazard has 'runway penetration' as its operational effect?

OH-26 (fails to detect in time runway incursions) and OH-27 (fails to provide appropriate instruction to resolve runway incursion and prevent potential collision) both have 'runway penetration' as their operational effect.

What is the operational effect of remote ATC failing to provide appropriate instruction to resolve an airspace infringement?

The operational effect of OH-11 is a tactical conflict.

Which hazard is related to all other hazards except OH-01, OH-08, OH-09, OH-13, OH-16, OH-26, OH-28, and OH-34?

OH-35, 'Remote ATC fails to provide appropriate ATC services with respect to operational environment conditions on the aerodrome and its vicinity,' is related to all other hazards except those listed.

What is the operational effect of remote ATC failing to provide appropriate support to pilot in a CFIT situation?

The operational effect of OH-29 is an imminent CFIT.

12.2. Appendix 2: List of operational hazards for ATC services

Navigate / EASA

Ask question Discover more Add to collection

12.2. Appendix 2: List of operational hazards for ATC services

ED Decision 2019/004/R

Table 2 below lists the operational hazards and the operational effects for the ATC services, as derived from the SESAR safety work, performed in the framework of the SESAR JU programme. They are valid in the context of both single mode of operation as well as multiple mode of operation. However, it should be noted that the list of operational hazards was developed for the specific operational applications and context that was studied and using the specific methodology as described in the SESAR safety assessment reports [27], [31] and [34]. Therefore, if using this list as initial input, it needs to be adapted as necessary, taking into account the local conditions and the operational application and context of the particular implementation as well as the addition of potential system hazards.

Table 2: List of operational hazards (SESAR safety assessment — ATC case)

ID	Description	Operational effects
OH-01	Remote ATC incorrectly coordinates with other ATS unit with respect to inbound/outbound traffic.	A potential conflict can be induced. Imminent infringement.
OH-02	Remote ATC incorrectly manages the entry of a flight into traffic circuit.	A potential conflict can be induced. Imminent infringement.
OH-03	Remote ATC incorrectly manages arriving aircraft.	A potential conflict can be induced. Imminent infringement.
OH-04	Remote ATC incorrectly manages departing aircraft.	A potential conflict can be induced Imminent infringement
OH-05	Remote ATC fails to provide appropriate separation to traffic in the vicinity of the aerodrome.	Imminent infringement.
OH-06	Remote ATC fails to provide appropriate separation to traffic with respect to restricted areas.	Tactical conflict.
OH-07	Remote ATC incorrectly manages missed approach situation.	Imminent infringement.
OH-08	Remote ATC does not detect in time conflicts/ potential collision between aircraft in the vicinity of the aerodrome.	Imminent collision.
OH-09	Remote ATC does not detect in time restricted area infringements.	Tactical conflict.
OH-10	Remote ATC fails to provide appropriate instruction to resolve a conflict between traffic in the vicinity of the aerodrome.	Imminent collision.
OH-11	Remote ATC fails to provide appropriate instruction to resolve an airspace infringement.	Tactical conflict.
OH-12	Remote ATC fails to provide appropriate information to departing aircraft for the start-up.	Tactical taxiway conflict generated.
OH-13	Remote ATC fails to enable push-back/towing operations to appropriate aircraft.	Tactical taxiway conflict generated.
OH-14	Remote ATC provides inadequate taxiing instruction to aircraft on the manoeuvring area.	Encounter with aircraft, vehicle or obstacle.
OH-15	Remote ATC provides inadequate taxiing instruction to vehicle on the manoeuvring area.	Encounter with aircraft, vehicle or obstacle.
OH-16	Remote ATC does not detect in time potential conflict on the manoeuvring area.	Imminent collision.
OH-17	Remote ATC fails to provide appropriate instruction to resolve conflicts on the manoeuvring area.	Imminent collision.
OH-18	Remote ATC fails to provide (appropriate) navigation support to aircraft and vehicle on the manoeuvring area.	Tactical taxiway conflict generated.
OH-19	Remote ATC incorrectly manages runway entry for a departing aircraft (occupied runway).	Runway conflict.
OH-20	Remote ATC incorrectly manages runway exit for a landing aircraft.	Runway conflict.
OH-21	Remote ATC incorrectly manages runway crossing (occupied runway) for a vehicle or an aircraft.	Runway conflict.
OH-22	Remote ATC fails to properly support departing and landing aircraft (with respect to visual aids).	Runway conflict.
OH-23	Remote ATC incorrectly manages vehicle-related tasks on the runway.	Runway conflict.
OH-24	Remote ATC incorrectly manages aircraft take-off (occupied runway).	Runway conflict.
OH-25	Remote ATC incorrectly manages aircraft landing (occupied runway).	Runway conflict.
OH-26	Remote ATC fails to detect in time runway incursions (aircraft or vehicles).	Runway penetration.
OH-27	Remote ATC fails to provide appropriate instruction to resolve runway incursion and prevent potential collision on the runway.	Runway penetration.
OH-28	Remote ATC fails to detect in time a flight towards terrain in the vicinity of the aerodrome.	Imminent controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
OH-29	Remote ATC fails to provide appropriate support to pilot in a CFIT situation.	Imminent CFIT.
OH-30	Remote ATC fails to establish sufficient wake-turbulence spacing between aircraft.	Turbulence in front of the aircraft at a distance less than the separation minima.
OH-31	Remote ATC fails to properly support landing/ take-off operations with respect to weather conditions.	Potential landing accident/runway excursion.
OH-32	Remote ATC fails to properly support landing/ take-off operations with respect to runway conditions and potential foreign object debris.	Potential landing accident/runway excursion.
OH-33	Remote ATC fails to properly support departing and arriving aircraft on the runway with respect to non-visual aids.	Potential landing accident/runway excursion.
OH-34	Remote ATC fails to detect in time an intrusion inside landing-air protection area.	Potential landing accident/runway excursion.
OH-35	Remote ATC fails to provide appropriate ATC services with respect to operational environment conditions on the aerodrome and its vicinity.	This hazard is already covered by more detailed hazards already identified above, potentially inducing conflicts in the vicinity of the aerodrome or on the manoeuvring area due to inappropriate understanding of the operational environment conditions. This hazard is related to all other hazards EXCEPT: OH-01, OH-08, OH-09, OH-13, OH-16, OH-26, OH-28, OH-34.
OH-36	ATC resources are incorrectly managed in the RTC for the remote provision of ATC services.	In case a controller has to manage more traffic than expected, the controller workload could be negatively impacted and so the capability to provide ATC services. This hazard is to be considered as part of ALL the other hazards in which controller errors are a potential cause.
OH-37	Remote ATC fails to provide appropriate ATC services due to inappropriate capability of the remote tower system.	This hazard is already considered as part of ALL other hazards already identified above in which equipment failure/errors are potential causes, potentially inducing conflicts in the vicinity of the aerodrome or on the manoeuvring area.

Details

Source-Title: 12.2. Appendix 2: List of operational hazards for ATC services View latest amendments

Erulesid: ERULES-1963177438-16263 Compare versions

Domain: Air traffic management/Air navigation services

Applicabilitydate: 20 February, 2019

Entryintoforcedate: 20 February, 2019

Regulatorysource: ED Decision 2019/004/R Navigate

Regulatorysubject: Remote aerodrome air traffic services

Typeofcontent: GM to IR (Guidance material to implementing rule)

Origin: EASA

Category: EAR