COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2025/111
of 23 January 2025
amending Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 as regards continuing airworthiness for electric- and hybrid-propulsion aircraft and other non-conventional aircraft
(Text with EEA relevance)
THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
Having regard to Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 July 2018 on common rules in the field of civil aviation and establishing a European Union Aviation Safety Agency, and amending Regulations (EC) No 2111/2005, (EC) No 1008/2008, (EU) No 996/2010, (EU) No 376/2014 and Directives 2014/30/EU and 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, and repealing Regulations (EC) No 552/2004 and (EC) No 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Council Regulation (EEC) No 3922/91 (1), and in particular Article 17(1), point (b) and points (d) to (f), thereof,
Whereas:
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(1) |
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 (2) lays down the requirements for the continuing airworthiness of aircraft, including the qualifications and licences of the personnel responsible for the release to service of products after maintenance. |
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(2) |
Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 explicitly specifies the aircraft categories to which the requirements apply, namely aeroplane, helicopter or rotorcraft, sailplane, balloon and airship. There exist certain non-conventional aircraft, primarily emerging from recent industrial developments, referred to as new air mobility aircraft, which do not fit within any of the aforementioned aircraft categories. This creates legal uncertainty regarding the applicability of specific aspects of the current regulatory framework to these aircraft. In addition, existing alleviations covered by Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 applicable to aircraft of comparable safety risk should also be extended to non-conventional aircraft by analogy. |
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(3) |
Similarly, there are regulatory gaps stemming from the fact that Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 is sometimes prescriptive on the aircraft power plant, only considering piston and turbine engines as power plants for aeroplanes and helicopters. This is not in line with new industrial developments that consider other power plants, such as electrical engines or hybrid ones. It is also necessary to to cater for a smooth transition for the new rules so that they do not impede the introduction of small electrical aeroplanes, in particular in respect of their aircraft maintenance license. |
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(4) |
In order to address those regulatory gaps, requirements should apply to any current or future aircraft developments and their power plants. |
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(5) |
By considering all tilt-rotors as complex motor-powered aircraft, Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 was not commensurate for the simplest ones as stringent requirements applicable to any complex motor-powered aircraft was also applicable to the simplest tilt-rotors, for which less stringent requirements should apply by comparison with simple aircraft of other categories, namely aeroplanes and helicopters. Therefore the definition of complex motor-powered aircraft should therefore be amended |
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(6) |
Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 should therefore be amended accordingly. |
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(7) |
The amendments are based on Opinion No 04/2024 (3) of the European Union Aviation Safety Agency in accordance with Article 75(2), point (b), and Article 76(1) of Regulation (EU) 2018/1139. |
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(8) |
The measures provided for in this Regulation are in accordance with the opinion of the committee established by Article 127 of Regulation (EU) 2018/1139, |
HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:
Article 1
Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 is amended as follows:
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(1) |
Article 2 is amended as follows:
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(2) |
in Article 3, paragraphs 2 and 3 are replaced by the following: ‘2. The requirements of Annex Vb (Part-ML) shall apply to the following other than complex motor-powered aircraft:
Where an aircraft referred to in the first subparagraph is listed in the air operator certificate of an air carrier licensed in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1008/2008, the requirements of Annex I (Part-M) to this Regulation shall apply. 3. In order to be listed in the air operator certificate of an air carrier licensed in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1008/2008, an aircraft referred to in paragraph 2, first subparagraph, shall comply with all of the following requirements:
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(3) |
in Article 5, the following paragraph 8 is added: ‘8. By way of derogation from points 66.A.3(1)(b) and 66.A.45(a) of Annex III (Part-66), until 13 February 2028, an aeroplane with electric power plant and MTOM below 5 700 kg may be endorsed in a licence with subcategory B1.1 or B1.2 when:
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(4) |
Annex I (Part-M) is amended in accordance with Annex I to this Regulation; |
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(5) |
Annex II (Part-145) is amended in accordance with Annex II to this Regulation; |
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(6) |
Annex III (Part-66) is amended in accordance with Annex III to this Regulation; |
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(7) |
Annex IV (Part-147) is amended in accordance with Annex IV to this Regulation; |
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(8) |
Annex Vb (Part-ML) is amended in accordance with Annex V to this Regulation; |
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(9) |
Annex Vd (Part-CAO) is amended in accordance with Annex VI to this Regulation. |
Article 2
This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.
It shall apply from 13 February 2026.
This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.
Done at Brussels, 23 January 2025.
For the Commission
The President
Ursula VON DER LEYEN
ANNEX I
In Appendix VII to Annex I (Part-M) to Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014, the following points 3a and 3b are inserted:
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‘3a. |
The performance of maintenance on the power plant that would require disassembly of engine(s), main batteries or fuel cell(s), other than removing them from the aircraft and reinstalling them back (including removal/installation of engine bearings). |
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3b. |
The performance of maintenance on high-pressure reservoirs and components belonging to high-pressure lines/systems related to the power plant.’. |
ANNEX II
Annex II (Part-145) to Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 is amended as follows:
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(1) |
in point (h)(2) of point 145.A.30, point (ii) is replaced by the following:
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(2) |
in Appendix II, points (l) and (m) are replaced by the following:
It should be noted that such an organisation may be further limited by the competent authority in the terms of approval depending on the capabilities of the particular organisation.’. |
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(*1) – Delete as appropriate
ANNEX III
Annex III (Part-66) to Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 is amended as follows:
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(1) |
in point 66.1, point (b) is replaced by the following:
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(2) |
point 66.A.3 is replaced by the following:
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(3) |
in point 66.A.5, points (1) and (2) are replaced by the following:
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(4) |
in point 66.A.20(a), the following point 8 is added:
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(5) |
point 66.A.30 is amended as follows:
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(6) |
point 66.A.45 is amended as follows:
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(7) |
in Appendix I, point 2 is amended as follows:
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(8) |
Appendix II is amended as follows:
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(9) |
Appendix III is amended as follows:
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(10) |
Appendix IV is replaced by the following: ‘Appendix IV Experience and basic knowledge modules or part modules required for extending a Part-66 aircraft maintenance licence A. Experience requirements Table A below shows the experience requirements, in months, for adding a new category or subcategory to an existing Part-66 licence. The experience requirements can be reduced by 50 % if the applicant has completed an approved Part-147 basic training course relevant to a particular subcategory. Table A
B. Basic knowledge modules or part modules required The purpose of this table is to outline the examinations required to add a new basic (sub)category to an AML granted in accordance with this Annex. The syllabi prepared in accordance with Appendix I and Appendix VII require different levels of knowledge for different licence categories within a module; therefore, there are additional examinations applicable to certain modules for licence holders wishing to extend an AML granted in accordance with this Annex to include another (sub)category, and an analysis of the module shall be conducted to determine the subjects missing or passed at a lower level. Table B
SQ = it depends on system qualification.
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(11) |
Appendix V, EASA Form 19, is amended as follows:
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(12) |
Appendix VI, EASA Form 26, is amended as follows:
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(*1) Aeroplane with piston or turbine engine or electric power plant or helicopter with piston or turbine engine.
(*2) For non-pressurised aeroplanes below 2 000 kg MTOM with piston-engine or electric power plant, the minimum duration can be reduced by 50 %.
(*3) For helicopters in Group 2 (as defined in point 66.A.5), the minimum duration can be reduced by 30 %.
(*4) Experience may be reduced by 50 % but allowing a licence with limitations in accordance with point 66.A.45(h)(ii)(3).
ANNEX IV
Annex IV (Part-147) to Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 is amended as follows:
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(1) |
in the table in Appendix I, the following row is inserted between the row corresponding to subcategory B1.2 and the row corresponding to subcategory B1.3:
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(2) |
Appendix II, EASA Form 11, is amended as follows:
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(3) |
in point 2 of Appendix III, the second paragraph is replaced by the following: ‘The certificate shall indicate the airframe/engine (or power plant) combination for which the training was imparted.’. |
ANNEX V
Annex Vb (Part-ML) to Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 is amended as follows:
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(1) |
in point ML.1, point (a) is replaced by the following:
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(2) |
point (d) of point ML.A.302 is amended as follows:
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(3) |
in Appendix III, the following points (ca) and (cb) are inserted:
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ANNEX VI
Annex Vd (Part-CAO) to Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 is amended as follows:
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(1) |
point CAO.A.020(a) is amended as follows:
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(2) |
in point CAO.A.105, point (a) is replaced by the following:
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(3) |
Appendix I is amended as follows:
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