Regulation (EU) 2024/1111
(a) In accordance with point 8.6 of Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2018/1139, one pilot amongst the flight crew, qualified as pilot-in-command in accordance with Annex I (Part-FCL) to Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011, shall be designated by the operator as pilot-in-command or, for CAT operations with aeroplanes and helicopters, as commander.
(b) The operator shall only designate a flight crew member to act as pilot-in-command or commander if all the following apply:
(1) the flight crew member has the minimum level of experience specified in the operations manual;
(2) the flight crew member has adequate knowledge of the route or area to be flown and of the aerodromes, including alternate aerodromes, vertiports, facilities and procedures to be used;
(3) for multi-crew operations, the flight crew member has completed an operator’s command course if promoted from co-pilot to pilot-in-command/commander.
(c) For both commercial operations with aeroplanes and helicopters and IAM operations with VCA, the pilot-in- command or commander or the pilot to whom the conduct of the flight may be delegated shall have received initial familiarisation training in the route or area to be flown and in the aerodromes, vertiports, diversion locations, facilities and procedures to be used, and shall maintain this knowledge as follows:
(1) aerodrome or vertiport knowledge shall be maintained by operating at least once at an aerodrome or a vertiport within a 12-calendar-month period;
(2) route or area knowledge or diversion location knowledge shall be maintained by operating at least once on a route or an area or at a diversion location within a 36-calendar-month period; in addition, refresher training is required regarding route or area knowledge if not operating on a route or an area for 12 months within the 36-calendar-month period.
(d) Notwithstanding point (c), for operations conducted under VFR by day with performance class B and C aeroplanes and helicopters, familiarisation training in routes and aerodromes may be replaced by area familiarisation training.
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