GM1 ORA.ATO.125 Training programme
ED Decision 2019/005/R
UPSET
PREVENTION AND RECOVERY TRAINING (UPRT)
(a) General
The
objective of the UPRT is to ensure that pilots are competent to prevent or
recover from a developing or developed aeroplane upset. Prevention training
prepares pilots to avoid upsets whereas recovery training prepares pilots to
prevent an accident once an upset condition has developed.
(b) Human factors
Threat and
Error Management (TEM) and Crew Resource Management (CRM) principles should be
integrated into the UPRT. In particular, the surprise and startle effect as
well as the importance of resilience development should be emphasised.
Training
should also emphasise that an actual upset condition may expose pilots to
significant physiological and psychological challenges, such as visual
illusions, spatial disorientation and unusual G-forces, with the objective of
developing strategies to deal with such challenges.
(c) Development of training scenarios
During the
development of training scenarios, the ATO should ensure that all of the
following is avoided:
(a) negative training and negative transfer
of training; and
(b) training utilising predictive scenarios.
Please refer
to Revision 2 of the Airplane Upset Recovery Training Aid (AURTA) for further
guidance on the development of training scenarios.
(d) Additional guidance
Specific
guidance to the UPRT elements and exercises is available in:
(1) the latest revision of the ICAO Doc 10011
‘Manual on Aeroplane Upset Prevention and Recovery Training’;
(2) Revision 3 of the Airplane Upset
Prevention and Recovery Training Aid (AUPRTA); and
(3) the Flight Safety Foundation publication
‘A Practical Guide for Improving Flight Path Monitoring’, November 2014.
(e) Training platform
(1) When designing a training course, ATOs
should select aeroplanes that are suitable for all the required training
exercises. Where certain exercises require particular capabilities, then an
ATO may consider the use of different aeroplanes for different exercises.
Examples include basic UPRT or instrument flight training and the advanced
UPRT course.
(2) For basic UPRT training conducted during
the CPL or ATP courses, it is not anticipated that aerobatic category
aeroplanes will be required or that aircraft need to be certificated for
intentional spins. Aeroplanes with a maximum bank angle limitation may not be
suitable for exercises such as steep turns or recovery from spiral dive.
(3) For the advanced UPRT course (FCL.745),
the use of an aeroplane certificated in the aerobatic category will provide
the greatest safety margin. Aeroplanes certificated in the normal or utility
category may also be suitable provided the exercises used during the training
take into account the capabilities of the aeroplane and are planned to remain
within the training envelope for the aeroplane, as determined by the ATO (see
point (f)).
(f) Training envelope
The training
envelope is the envelope within which all training exercises will be carried
out. It should be specified by the ATO in terms of the range of attitudes,
speed and g-loads that can be used for training, taking into account:
(1) the training environment;
(2) the capabilities of the instructors; and
(3) in the case of training in FSTDs, the
limitations of the FSTD (as per GM3 FCL.010 for the FSTD training envelope);
and
(4) in the case of training in aeroplanes, the
capabilities and certification of the aircraft, while considering a margin of
safety in order to ensure that unintentional deviations from the training
envelope will not exceed aircraft limitations. Different training envelopes
may be specified for different aeroplane types even within a single training
course.