SUBJECT 090 - COMMUNICATIONS

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COMMUNICATIONS

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CONCEPTS

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Associated terms

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Meanings and significance

(01)

Define commonly used air traffic services (ATS) terms for stations.

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(02)

Define commonly used ATS terms for communication methods.

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(03)

Recognise the terms used in conjunction with the approach and holding procedures.

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Air traffic services (ATS) abbreviations

(01)

Define commonly used ATS abbreviations:

-           flight conditions;

-           airspace;

-           services;

-           time;

-           VFR-related terms;

-           IFR-related terms;

-           miscellaneous.

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Q-code groups commonly used in radiotelephony (RT) air-ground communications

(01)

Define Q-code groups commonly used in RT air-ground communications:

-           pressure settings;

-           directions and bearings.

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(02)

State the procedure for obtaining bearing information in flight.

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Categories of messages

(01)

Identify to which category of messages a type of message belongs and identify the associated priority indicator.

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GENERAL OPERATING PROCEDURES

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Transmission standards

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Transmission of letters

(01)

Know the phonetic alphabet used in RT.

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(02)

Identify the circumstances when words should be spelt out.

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Transmission of numbers

(01)

Describe the method of transmission of numbers:

-           pronunciation;

-           single digits, whole hundreds and whole thousands;

-           state how numbers are transmitted in different circumstances.

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Transmission of time

(01)

Describe the ways of transmitting time:

-           the standard time reference is the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC);

-           using only minutes, or minutes and hours, when required.

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(02)

Describe the different ways in which time is to be transmitted.

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Transmission techniques

(01)

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Explain the techniques used for making good RT transmissions.

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Standard words and phrases

(01)

Define the meaning of standard words and phrases.

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(02)

Recognise, describe and use the correct standard phraseology for each phase of a VFR flight (consider communication with each type of aeronautical station):

-           before taxi;

-           taxi;

-           departure;

-           en route;

-           circuit; 

-           final;

-           landing;

-           after landing.

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(03)

Recognise, describe and use the correct standard phraseology for each phase of an IFR flight, including PBN operations (consider communication with each type of aeronautical station): 

-           before pushback or taxi; 

-           pushback;

-           taxi;

-           departure;

-           en route;

-           approach;

-           final approach;

-           landing;

-           after landing.

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(04)

Explain phraseology for the selective calling system (SELCAL) and aircraft communications addressing and reporting system (ACARS).

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(05) 

Explain traffic alert and collision avoidance system (TCAS) phraseology.

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RT call signs for aeronautical stations including use of abbreviated call signs

(01)

Name the two parts of the call sign of an aeronautical station.

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(02)

Identify the call-sign suffixes for aeronautical stations.

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(03)

Explain when the call sign may be omitted or abbreviated to the use of suffix only.

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RT call signs for aircraft including use of abbreviated call signs

(01)

Describe the three different ways to compose an aircraft call sign.

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(02)

Describe the abbreviated forms for aircraft call signs.

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(03)

Explain when aircraft call signs may be abbreviated.

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(04)

Explain when the suffix ‘HEAVY’ or ‘SUPER’ is used with an aircraft call sign.

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(05)

Explain the use of the phrase ‘Change your call sign to…’.

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(06)

Explain the use of the phrase ‘Revert to flight plan call sign’.

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Transfer of communication

(01)

Describe the procedure for transfer of communication:

-           by ground station;

-           by aircraft.

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Test procedures including readability scale

(01)

Explain how to test radio transmission and reception.

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(02)

State the readability scale and explain its meaning.

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Read-back and acknowledgement requirements

(01)

Describe the requirement to read back ATC route clearances.

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(02)

Describe the requirement to read back clearances related to the runway in use.

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(03)

Describe the requirement to read back other clearances including conditional clearances.

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(04)

Describe the requirement to read back other data such as runway, secondary surveillance radar (SSR) codes, etc.

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Radar procedural phraseology

(01)

Use the correct phraseology for an aircraft receiving a radar service:

-           radar identification;

-           radar vectoring;

-           traffic information and avoidance;

-           SSR procedures.

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Level changes and reports

(01)

Use the correct term to describe vertical position in relation to:

-           flight level (standard pressure setting);

-           altitude (metres/feet on QNH);

-           height (metres/feet on QFE).

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Data link messages

(01)

List the different types of messages of the controller–pilot data link communications (CPDLC) function and give examples of data link messages.

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(02)

Describe a notification phase (LOG ON) and state its purpose.

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(03)

Explain the phrases to be used:

-           when voice communication is used to correct a CPDLC message;

-           in case of single CPDLC message failure;

-           when CPDLC has failed;

-           when reverting from CPDLC to voice communication.

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RELEVANT WEATHER INFORMATION

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Aerodrome weather

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Aerodrome weather terms

(01)

List the contents of aerodrome weather reports and state units of measurement used for each item:

-           wind direction and speed;

-           variation of wind direction and speed;

-           visibility;

-           present weather;

-           cloud amount and type (including the definition of cloud and visibility OK (CAVOK);

-           air temperature and dew point;

-           pressure values (QNH, QFE);

-           supplementary information (aerodrome warnings, landing runway, runway conditions, restrictions, obstructions, wind-shear warnings, etc.).

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Weather broadcast

(01)

List the sources (VOLMET and ATIS units) of weather information available for aircraft in flight, and describe situation(s) in which a pilot would normally obtain each.

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(02)

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Explain the meaning of the acronyms ‘D-ATIS’, ‘ATIS’, and ‘VOLMET’.

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(03)

Explain and demonstrate how to decode ATIS messages.

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(04)

Explain and demonstrate how to decode D-ATIS messages.

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VOICE COMMUNICATION FAILURE

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Required action

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Action required to be taken in case of communication failure

(01)

State the action to be taken in case of communication failure on a controlled VFR flight.

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(02)

Identify the frequencies to be used in an attempt to establish communication.

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(03)

State the additional information that should be transmitted in the event of receiver failure.

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(04)

Identify the SSR code that may be used to indicate communication failure.

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(05)

Explain the action to be taken by a pilot that experiences a communication failure in the aerodrome traffic pattern at controlled aerodromes.

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(06)

Describe the action to be taken in case of communication failure on an IFR flight.

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(07)

Describe the action to be taken in case of communication failure on an IFR flight when flying in visual meteorological conditions (VMC) and the flight will be terminated in VMC.

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(08)

Describe the action to be taken in case of communication failure on an IFR flight when flying in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC).

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(09)

Explain the causes and possible safety impacts of a blocked frequency.

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DISTRESS AND URGENCY PROCEDURES

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Signals and procedures

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Distress

(01)

State the DISTRESS signal(s) and DISTRESS procedure(s).

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(02)

Define ‘DISTRESS’.

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(03)

Identify the frequencies that should be used by aircraft in DISTRESS.

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(04)

Specify the emergency SSR codes that may be used by aircraft, and the meaning of the codes.

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(05)

Describe the action to be taken by the station which receives a DISTRESS message.

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(06)

Describe the action to be taken by all other stations when a DISTRESS procedure is in progress.

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(07)

List the correctly sequenced elements of a DISTRESS signal/message and describe the message content.

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(08)

Describe the use of discrete frequencies (DEF) in case of distress or urgency.

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(09)

State that DISTRESS messages take priority over all other messages.

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Urgency

(01)

State the URGENCY signal(s) and URGENCY procedure(s).

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(02)

Define ‘URGENCY’.

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(03)

Identify the frequencies that should be used by aircraft in URGENCY.

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(04)

Describe the action to be taken by the station which receives an URGENCY message.

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(05)

Describe the action to be taken by all other stations when an URGENCY procedure is in progress.

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(06)

List the correctly sequenced elements of an URGENCY signal/message and describe the message content.

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(07)

State that URGENCY messages take priority over all other messages except DISTRESS.

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VHF PROPAGATION AND ALLOCATION OF FREQUENCIES

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General principles

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Spectrum, bands, range

(01)

Describe the radio-frequency spectrum with particular reference to VHF.

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(02)

Describe the radio-frequency spectrum of the bands into which the radio-frequency spectrum is divided.

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(03)

Identify the frequency range of the VHF band.

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(04)

State the band normally used for aeronautical mobile service (AMS) voice communication.

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