Appendix
8 – Cross-crediting of the IR part of a class or type rating proficiency check
Regulation (EU) 2021/2227
A. Aeroplanes
Credits shall be granted only if holders are revalidating or renewing IR privileges for single-pilot single-engine and single-pilot multi-engine aeroplanes, as appropriate.
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If a skill test
or a proficiency check including IR is performed, and holders have a valid: |
Credit is valid
towards the IR part in a proficiency check for: |
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MPA type rating; Single-pilot high-performance complex aeroplane type rating |
SE class rating (*) , and SE type rating (*) , and SP ME class or type rating except for high-performance complex type ratings, only credits for Section 3B of the proficiency check in point B.5 of Appendix 9 |
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SP ME aeroplane class or type rating except for high- performance complex aeroplane type ratings, operated as single-pilot |
SE class rating, and SE type rating, and SP ME class or type rating except for high-performance complex aeroplane type ratings |
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SP ME aeroplane class or type rating except for high- performance complex aeroplane type ratings, restricted to MP operations |
SE class rating (*) , and SE type rating (*) , and SP ME class or type rating except for high-performance complex aeroplane type ratings (*) |
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SP SE aeroplane class or type rating |
SE class rating, and SE type rating |
* Provided that within the preceding 12 months the
applicants have flown at least three IFR departures and approaches exercising
PBN privileges, including at least one RNP APCH approach on an SP class or
type of aeroplane in SP operations, or, for multi-engine, other than HP
complex aeroplanes, the applicants have passed Section 6 of the skill test for
SP, other than HP complex aeroplanes flown solely by reference to instruments
in SP operations.
B. Helicopters
Credits shall be granted only if holders are revalidating or renewing IR privileges for single-pilot helicopters, as appropriate.
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If a skill test
or a proficiency check, including IR, is performed and the holders have a
valid: |
Credit is valid
towards the IR part in a proficiency check for: |
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Multi-pilot helicopter (MPH) type rating |
Single-pilot helicopter (SPH) of the same type, including privileges for single-pilot operations (*1) |
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Single-pilot helicopter (SPH) type rating, in multi‑pilot operations |
Privileges for single-pilot operations in the same type (*1) |
*1 Provided that within the preceding 12 months at least three IFR departures and approaches exercising PBN privileges, including one RNP APCH approach (which may be a Point in Space (PinS) approach), have been performed on a SP type of helicopter in SP operations.
Appendix 9 – Training, skill test and proficiency check for MPL, ATPL, type and class ratings, and proficiency check for the BIR and IR
Regulation (EU) 2021/2227
1. Applicants for a skill test shall have received instruction in the same class or type of aircraft to be used in the test.
The training for MPA and PL type ratings shall be conducted in an FFS or in a combination of FSTD(s) and FFS. The skill test or proficiency check for MPA and PL type ratings and the issue of an ATPL and an MPL, shall be conducted in an FFS, if available.
The training, skill test or proficiency check for class or type ratings for SPA and helicopters shall be conducted in:
(a) an available and accessible FFS, or
(b) a combination of FSTD(s) and the aircraft if an FFS is not available or accessible; or
(c) the aircraft if no FSTD is available or accessible.
If FSTDs are used during training, testing or checking, the suitability of the FSTDs used shall be verified against the applicable ‘Table of functions and subjective tests’ and the applicable ‘Table of FSTD validation tests’ contained in the primary reference document applicable for the device used. All restrictions and limitations indicated on the device's qualification certificate shall be considered.
2. Failure to achieve a pass in all sections of the test in two attempts will require further training.
3. There is no limit to the number of skill tests that may be attempted.
CONTENT OF THE TRAINING/SKILL TEST/PROFICIENCY CHECK
4. Unless otherwise determined in the operational suitability data established in accordance with Annex I (Part-21) to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012 (OSD), the syllabus of flight instruction, the skill test and the proficiency check shall comply with this Appendix. The syllabus, skill test and proficiency check may be reduced to give credit for previous experience on similar aircraft types, as determined in the OSD.
5. Except in the case of skill tests for the issue of an ATPL, when so defined in the OSD for the specific aircraft, credit may be given for skill test items common to other types or variants where the pilots are qualified.
CONDUCT OF THE TEST/CHECK
6. The examiner may choose between different skill test or proficiency check scenarios containing simulated relevant operations. Full-flight simulators and other training devices shall be used, as established in this Annex (Part-FCL).
7. During the proficiency check, the examiner shall verify that holders of the class or type rating maintain an adequate level of theoretical knowledge.
8. Should applicants choose to terminate a skill test for reasons considered inadequate by the examiner, they shall retake the entire skill test. If the test is terminated for reasons considered adequate by the examiner, only those sections not completed shall be tested in a further flight.
9. At the discretion of the examiner, any manoeuvre or procedure of the test may be repeated once by the applicants. The examiner may stop the test at any stage if it is considered that the applicants' demonstration of flying skill requires a complete retest.
10. Applicants shall be required to fly the aircraft from a position where the PIC or co-pilot functions, as relevant, can be performed. Under single-pilot conditions, the test shall be performed as if there was no other crew member present.
11. During preflight preparation for the test, applicants are required to determine power settings and speeds. Applicants shall indicate to the examiner the checks and duties carried out, including the identification of radio facilities. Checks shall be completed in accordance with the checklist for the aircraft on which the test is being taken and, if applicable, with the MCC concept. Performance data for take-off, approach and landing shall be calculated by applicants in compliance with the operations manual or flight manual for the aircraft used. Decision heights/altitudes, minimum descent heights/altitudes and missed approach point shall be agreed upon with the examiner.
12. The examiner shall take no part in the operation of the aircraft except where intervention is necessary in the interests of safety or to avoid unacceptable delay to other traffic.
SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR THE SKILL TEST/PROFICIENCY CHECK FOR TYPE RATINGS FOR MULTI-PILOT AIRCRAFT, FOR SINGLE-PILOT AIRCRAFT WHEN OPERATED IN MULTI-PILOT OPERATIONS, FOR MPL AND FOR ATPL
13. The skill test for a multi-pilot aircraft or a single-pilot aircraft when operated in multi-pilot operations shall be performed in a multi-crew environment. Another applicant or another type rated qualified pilot may function as the second pilot. If an aircraft is used, the second pilot shall be the examiner or an instructor.
14. Applicants shall operate as PF during all sections of the skill test, except for abnormal and emergency procedures, which may be conducted as PF or PM in accordance with MCC. Applicants for the initial issue of a multi-pilot aircraft type rating or ATPL shall also demonstrate the ability to act as PM. Applicants may choose either the left-hand or the right-hand seat for the skill test if all items can be executed from the selected seat.
15. The following matters shall be specifically checked by the examiner for applicants for the ATPL or a type rating for multi-pilot aircraft or for multi-pilot operations in a single-pilot aircraft extending to the duties of a PIC, irrespective of whether the applicants act as PF or PM:
(a) managing crew cooperation;
(b) maintaining a general survey of the aircraft operation by appropriate supervision; and
(c) setting priorities and making decisions in accordance with safety aspects and relevant rules and regulations appropriate to the operational situation, including emergencies.
16. The test or check should be accomplished under IFR, if the IR rating is included, and as far as possible be accomplished in a simulated commercial air transport environment. An essential element to be checked is the ability to plan and conduct the flight from routine briefing material.
17. When the type rating course has included less than 2 hours of flight training in the aircraft, the skill test may be conducted in an FFS and may be completed before the flight training in the aircraft.
The approved flight training shall be performed by a qualified instructor under the responsibility of:
(a) an ATO; or
(b) an organisation holding an AOC issued in accordance with Annex III (Part-ORO) to Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 and specifically approved for such training; or
(c) the instructor, in cases where no aircraft flight training for SP aircraft at an ATO or AOC holder is approved, and the aircraft flight training was approved by the applicants' competent authority.
A certificate of completion of the type rating course including the flight training in the aircraft shall be forwarded to the competent authority before the new type rating is entered in the applicants' licence.
18. For the upset recovery training, ‘stall event’ means either an approach-to-stall or a stall. An FFS can be used by the ATO to either train recovery from a stall or demonstrate the type-specific characteristics of a stall, or both, provided that:
(a) the FFS has been qualified in accordance with the special evaluation requirements in CS-FSTD(A); and
(b) the ATO has successfully demonstrated to the competent authority that any negative transfer of training is mitigated.
PASS MARKS
1. In the case of single-pilot aeroplanes, with the exception of single-pilot high-performance complex aeroplanes, applicants shall pass all sections of the skill test or proficiency check. Failure in any item of a section will cause applicants to fail the entire section. If they fail only one section, they shall repeat only that section. Failure in more than one section will require applicants to repeat the entire test or check. Failure in any section in the case of a retest or recheck, including those sections that have been passed on a previous attempt, will require applicants to repeat the entire test or check again. For single-pilot multi-engine aeroplanes, Section 6 of the relevant test or check, addressing asymmetric flight, shall be passed.
2. In the case of multi-pilot and single-pilot high-performance complex aeroplanes, applicants shall pass all sections of the skill test or proficiency check. Failure in more than five items will require applicants to take the entire test or check again. Applicants failing five or fewer items shall take the failed items again. Failure in any item on the retest or recheck, including those items that have been passed on a previous attempt, will require applicants to repeat the entire check or test again.
FLIGHT TEST TOLERANCE
3. Applicants shall demonstrate the ability to:
(a) operate the aeroplane within its limitations;
(b) complete all manoeuvres with smoothness and accuracy;
(c) exercise good judgement and airmanship;
(d) apply aeronautical knowledge;
(e) maintain control of the aeroplane at all times in such a manner that the successful outcome of a procedure or manoeuvre is never in doubt;
(f) understand and apply crew coordination and incapacitation procedures, if applicable; and
(g) communicate effectively with the other crew members, if applicable.
4. The following limits shall apply, corrected to make allowance for turbulent conditions and the handling qualities and performance of the aeroplane used:
Height
Generally ± 100 ft
Starting a go-around at decision height/altitude + 50 ft/– 0 ft
Minimum descent height/MAPt/altitude + 50 ft/– 0 ft
Tracking
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On radio aids |
±5° |
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For ‘angular’ deviations |
Half-scale
deflection, azimuth and glide path (e.g. LPV, ILS, MLS, GLS) |
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2D (LNAV) and 3D (LNAV/VNAV) ‘linear’
lateral deviations |
cross-track
error/deviation shall normally be limited to ± ½ of the RNP value
associated with the procedure. Brief deviations from this standard up to a
maximum of one time the RNP value are allowable. |
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3D linear vertical deviations (e.g. RNP
APCH (LNAV/VNAV) using BaroVNAV) |
not
more than – 75 ft below the vertical profile at any time, and not more
than + 75 ft above the vertical profile at or below 1 000 ft above
aerodrome level. |
Heading
all engines operating ± 5°
with simulated engine failure ± 10°
Speed
all engines operating ± 5 knots
with simulated engine failure + 10 knots/– 5 knots
CONTENT OF THE TRAINING/SKILL TEST/PROFICIENCY CHECK
5. Single-pilot aeroplanes,
except for high performance complex aeroplanes
(a) The following symbols mean:
P = Trained as PIC or co-pilot and as PF and PM
OTD = Other training devices may be used for this exercise
X = An FFS shall be used for this exercise; otherwise, an aeroplane shall be used if appropriate for the manoeuvre or procedure
P# = The training shall be complemented by supervised aeroplane inspection
(b) The practical training shall be conducted at least at the training equipment level shown as (P), or may be conducted on any higher level of equipment shown by the arrow (---->).
The following abbreviations are used to indicate the training equipment used:
A = aeroplane
FFS = full-flight simulator
FSTD = flight simulation training device
(c) The starred (*) items of Section 3B and, for multi-engine, Section 6, shall be flown solely by reference to instruments if revalidation/renewal of an IR is included in the skill test or proficiency check. If the starred (*) items are not flown solely by reference to instruments during the skill test or proficiency check, and when there is no crediting of IR privileges, the class or type rating will be restricted to VFR only.
(d) Section 3A shall be completed to revalidate a type or multi-engine class rating, VFR only, where the required experience of 10 route sectors within the previous 12 months has not been completed. Section 3A is not required if Section 3B is completed.
(e) Where the letter ‘M’ appears in the skill test or proficiency check column, this will indicate a mandatory exercise or a choice where more than one exercise appears.
(f) An FSTD shall be used for practical training for type or ME class ratings if they form part of an approved class or type rating course. The following considerations will apply to the approval of the course:
(i) the qualification of the FSTD as set out in the relevant requirements of Annex VI (Part-ARA) and Annex VII (Part-ORA);
(ii) the qualifications of the instructors;
(iii) the amount of FSTD training provided on the course; and
(iv) the qualifications and previous experience on similar types of the pilots under training.
(g) If privileges for multi-pilot operation are sought for the first time, pilots holding privileges for single-pilot operations shall:
(1) complete a bridge course containing manoeuvres and procedures including MCC as well as the exercises of Section 7 using threat and error management (TEM), CRM and human factors at an ATO; and
(2) pass a proficiency check in multi-pilot operations.
(h) If privileges for single-pilot operations are sought for the first time, pilots holding privileges for multi-pilot operations shall be trained at an ATO and checked for the following additional manoeuvres and procedures in single-pilot operations:
(1) for SE aeroplanes, 1.6, 4.5, 4.6, 5.2 and, if applicable, one approach from Section 3.B;and
(2) for ME aeroplanes, 1.6, Section 6 and, if applicable, one approach from Section 3.B.
(i) Pilots holding privileges for both single-pilot and multi-pilot operations in accordance with points (g) and (h) may revalidate privileges for both types of operations by completing a proficiency check in multi-pilot operations in addition to the exercises referred to in points (h)(1) or (h)(2), as applicable, in single-pilot operations.
(j) If a skill test or a proficiency check is completed in multi-pilot operations only, the type rating shall be restricted to multi-pilot operations. The restriction shall be removed when pilots comply with point (h).
(k) The training, testing and checking shall follow the table mentioned below.
(1) Training at an ATO, testing and checking requirements for single-pilot privileges
(2) Training at an ATO, testing and checking requirements for multi-pilot privileges
(3) Training at an ATO, testing and checking requirements for pilots holding single-pilot privileges seeking multi-pilot privileges for the first time (bridge course)
(4) Training at an ATO, testing and checking requirements for pilots holding multi-pilot privileges seeking single-pilot privileges for the first time (bridge course)
(5) Training at an ATO and checking requirements for combined revalidation and renewal of single and multi-pilot privileges
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(1) |
(2) |
(3) |
(4) |
(5) |
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Type of operation |
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Type of aircraft |
SP |
MP |
SP → MP (initial) |
MP → SP (initial) |
SP + MP |
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Training |
Testing/ |
Training |
Testing/ |
Training |
Testing/ |
Training, testing and checking (SE aeroplanes) |
Training, testing and checking (ME aeroplanes |
SE aeroplanes |
ME aeroplanes |
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Initial issue |
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All (except SP complex) |
Sections 1-6 |
Sections 1-6 |
MCC CRM Human factors TEM Sections 1-7 |
Sections 1-6 |
MCC CRM Human factors TEM Section 7 |
Sections 1-6 |
1.6, 4.5, 4.6, 5.2 and, if applicable, one approach from Section 3.B |
1.6, Section 6 and, if applicable, one approach from Section 3.B |
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SP complex |
1-7 |
1-6 |
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Revalidation |
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All |
n/a |
Sections 1-6 |
n/a |
Sections 1-6 |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
MPO: Sections 1-7 (training) Section 1-6 (checking) SPO: 1.6, 4.5, 4.6, 5.2 and, if applicable, one approach from Section 3.B |
MPO: Sections 1-7 (training) Sections 1-6 (checking) SPO: 1.6, Section 6 and, if applicable, one approach from Section 3.B |
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Renewal |
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All |
FCL.740 |
Sections 1-6 |
FCL.740 |
Sections 1-6 |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
Training: FCL.740 Check: as for the revalidation |
Training: FCL.740 Check: as for the revalidation |
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(l) To establish or maintain PBN privileges, one approach shall be an RNP APCH. Where an RNP APCH is not practicable, it shall be performed in an appropriately equipped FSTD.
By way of derogation from the subparagraph above, in cases where a proficiency check for revalidation of PBN privileges does not include an RNP APCH exercise, the PBN privileges of the pilot shall not include RNP APCH. The restriction shall be lifted if the pilot has completed a proficiency check including an RNP APCH exercise.
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TMGs AND SINGLE-PILOT
AEROPLANES, EXCEPT FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPLEX AEROPLANES |
PRACTICAL
TRAINING |
CLASS OR TYPE
RATING SKILL TEST/PROF. CHECK |
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Manoeuvres/Procedures |
FSTD |
A |
Instructor
initials when training completed |
Tested or checked
in FSTD or A |
Examiner
initials when test or check completed |
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SECTION 1 |
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1 1.1 |
Departure Preflight including: – documentation; – mass and balance; – weather briefing; and – NOTAM. |
OTD |
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1.2 |
Pre-start checks |
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1.2.1 |
External |
OTD P# |
P |
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M |
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1.2.2 |
Internal |
OTD P# |
P |
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M |
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1.3 |
Engine
starting: |
P----> |
----> |
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M |
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1.4 |
Taxiing |
P----> |
----> |
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M |
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1.5 |
Pre-departure
checks: |
P----> |
----> |
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M |
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1.6 |
Take-off
procedure: |
P----> |
----> |
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M |
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1.7 |
Climbing:
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P----> |
----> |
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M |
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1.8 |
ATC liaison – compliance, R/T procedures |
P----> |
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M |
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SECTION 2 |
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2 2.1 |
Airwork (visual meteorological conditions (VMC)) Straight and level flight at various airspeeds including flight at critically low airspeed with and without flaps (including approach to V Vmca when applicable) |
P----> |
----> |
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2.2 |
Steep turns (360° left and right at 45° bank) |
P----> |
----> |
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M |
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2.3 |
Stalls and recovery: (i) clean stall; (ii) approach to stall in descending turn with bank with approach configuration and power; (iii) approach to stall in landing configuration and power; and (iv) approach to stall, climbing turn with take-off flap and climb power (single-engine aeroplanes only) |
P----> |
----> |
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M |
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2.4 |
Handling using autopilot and flight director (may be conducted in Section 3), if applicable |
P----> |
----> |
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M |
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2.5 |
ATC liaison – Compliance, R/T procedures |
P----> |
----> |
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M |
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SECTION 3A |
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3A 3A.1 |
En route procedures VFR (see B.5 (c) and (d)) Flight plan, dead reckoning and map reading |
P----> |
----> |
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3A.2 |
Maintenance of altitude, heading and speed |
P----> |
----> |
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3A.3 |
Orientation, timing and revision of ETAs |
P----> |
----> |
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3A.4 |
Use of radio navigation aids (if applicable) |
P----> |
----> |
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3A.5 |
Flight management (flight log, routine checks including fuel, systems and icing) |
P----> |
----> |
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3A.6 |
ATC liaison – compliance, R/T procedure |
P----> |
----> |
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SECTION 3B |
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3B 3B.1* |
Instrument flight Departure IFR |
P----> |
----> |
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M |
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3B.2* |
En route IFR |
P----> |
----> |
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M |
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3B.3* |
Holding procedures |
P----> |
----> |
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M |
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3B.4* |
3D operations to decision height/altitude (DH/A) of 200 ft (60 m) or to higher minima if required by the approach procedure (autopilot may be used to the final approach segment vertical path intercept) |
P----> |
----> |
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M |
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3B.5* |
2D operations to minimum descent height/altitude (MDH/A) |
P----> |
----> |
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M |
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3B.6* |
Flight exercises including simulated failure of the compass and attitude indicator: – rate 1 turns; and – recoveries from unusual attitudes. |
P----> |
----> |
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M |
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3B.7* |
Failure of localiser or glideslope |
P----> |
----> |
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3B.8* |
ATC liaison – compliance, R/T procedures |
P----> |
----> |
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M |
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Intentionally left blank |
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SECTION 4 |
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4 4.1 |
Arrival and landings Aerodrome arrival procedure |
P----> |
----> |
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M |
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4.2 |
Normal landing |
P----> |
----> |
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M |
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4.3 |
Flapless landing |
P----> |
----> |
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M |
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4.4 |
Crosswind landing (if suitable conditions) |
P----> |
----> |
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4.5 |
Approach and landing with idle power from up to 2 000 ft above the runway (single-engine aeroplanes only) |
P----> |
----> |
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4.6 |
Go-around from minimum height |
P----> |
----> |
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M |
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4.7 |
Night go-around and landing (if applicable) |
P----> |
----> |
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4.8 |
ATC liaison – compliance, R/T procedures |
P----> |
----> |
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M |
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SECTION 5 |
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5 |
Abnormal and emergency procedures (This section may be combined with Sections 1 through 4.) |
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5.1 |
Rejected take-off at a reasonable speed |
P----> |
----> |
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M |
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5.2 |
Simulated engine failure after take-off (single-engine aeroplanes only) |
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P |
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M |
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5.3 |
Simulated forced landing without power (single-engine aeroplanes only) |
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P |
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M |
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5.4 |
Simulated emergencies: (i) fire or smoke in flight; and (ii) systems’ malfunctions as appropriate |
P----> |
----> |
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5.5 |
ME aeroplanes and TMG training only: engine shutdown and restart (at a safe altitude if performed in the aircraft) |
P----> |
----> |
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5.6 |
ATC liaison – compliance, R/T procedure |
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SECTION 6 |
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6 6.1* |
Simulated asymmetric flight (This section may be combined with Sections 1 through 5.) Simulated engine failure during take-off (at a safe altitude unless carried out in an FFS or an FNPT II) |
P----> |
---->X |
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M |
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6.2* |
Asymmetric approach and go-around |
P----> |
----> |
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M |
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6.3* |
Asymmetric approach and full-stop landing |
P----> |
----> |
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M |
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6.4 |
ATC liaison – compliance, R/T procedures |
P----> |
----> |
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M |
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SECTION 7 |
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7 |
UPRT |
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7.1 |
Flight manoeuvres and procedures |
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7.1.1 |
Manual flight with and without flight directors (no autopilot, no autothrust/autothrottle, and at different control laws, where applicable) |
P----> |
----> |
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7.1.1.1 |
At different speeds (including slow flight) and altitudes within the FSTD training envelope. |
P----> |
----> |
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7.1.1.2 |
Steep turns using 45° bank, 180° to 360° left and right |
P----> |
----> |
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7.1.1.3 |
Turns with and without spoilers |
P----> |
----> |
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7.1.1.4 |
Procedural instrument flying and manoeuvring including instrument departure and arrival, and visual approach |
P----> |
----> |
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7.2 7.2.1 |
Upset recovery training Recovery from stall events in: – take-off configuration; – clean configuration at low altitude; – clean configuration near maximum operating altitude; and – landing configuration |
P----> |
----> |
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7.2.2 |
The following upset exercises: – recovery from nose-high at various bank angles; and – recovery from nose-low at various bank angles. |
P |
X An aeroplane shall not be used for this exercise |
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7.3 |
Go-around with all engines operating* from various stages during an instrument approach |
P----> |
----> |
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7.4 |
Rejected landing with all engines operating: – from various heights below DH/MDH 15 m (50 ft) above the runway threshold – after touchdown (baulked landing) – In aeroplanes which are not certificated as transport category aeroplanes (JAR/FAR 25) or as commuter category aeroplanes (SFAR 23), the rejected landing with all engines operating shall be initiated below MDH/A or after touchdown. |
P----> |
----> |
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6. Multi-pilot aeroplanes and
single-pilot high-performance complex aeroplanes
(a) The following symbols mean:
P = Trained as PIC or co-pilot and as PF and PM for the issue of a type rating as applicable.
OTD = Other training devices may be used for this exercise.
X = An FFS shall be used for this exercise; otherwise an aeroplane shall be used if appropriate for the manoeuvre or procedure.
P# = The training shall be complemented by supervised aeroplane inspection.
(b) The practical training shall be conducted at least at the training equipment level shown as (P), or may be conducted up to any higher equipment level shown by the arrow (---->).
The following abbreviations are used to indicate the training equipment used:
A = aeroplane
FFS = full-flight simulator
FSTD = flight simulator training device
(c) The starred items (*) shall be flown solely by reference to instruments.
(d) Where the letter ‘M’ appears in the skill test or proficiency check column, this will indicate a mandatory exercise or a choice where more than one exercise appears.
(e) An FFS shall be used for practical training and testing if the FFS forms part of an approved type rating course. The following considerations will apply to the approval of the course:
(i) the qualifications of the instructors;
(ii) the qualification and the amount of training provided on the course in an FSTD; and
(iii) the qualifications and previous experience on similar types of the pilots under training.
(f) Manoeuvres and procedures shall include MCC for multi-pilot aeroplane and for single-pilot high-performance complex aeroplanes in multi-pilot operations.
(g) Manoeuvres and procedures shall be conducted in single-pilot role for single-pilot high-performance complex aeroplanes in single-pilot operations.
(h) In the case of single-pilot high-performance complex aeroplanes, when a skill test or proficiency check is performed in multi-pilot operations, the type rating shall be restricted to multi-pilot operations. If privileges of single-pilot are sought, the manoeuvres/procedures in 2.5, 3.8.3.4, 4.4, 5.5 and at least one manoeuvre/procedure from Section 3.4 have to be completed in addition as single-pilot.
(i) In the case of a restricted type rating issued in accordance with FCL.720.A(c), applicants shall fulfil the same requirements as other applicants for the type rating except for the practical exercises relating to the take-off and landing phases.
(j) To establish or maintain PBN privileges, one approach shall be an RNP APCH. Where an RNP APCH is not practicable, it shall be performed in an appropriately equipped FSTD.
By way of derogation from the subparagraph above, in cases where a proficiency check for revalidation of PBN privileges does not include an RNP APCH exercise, the PBN privileges of the pilot shall not include RNP APCH. The restriction shall be lifted if the pilot has completed a proficiency check including an RNP APCH exercise.
|
MULTI-PILOT
AEROPLANES AND SINGLE-PILOT HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPLEX AEROPLANES |
PRACTICAL
TRAINING |
ATPL/MPL/TYPE
RATING SKILL TEST OR PROF. CHECK |
|||||
|
Manoeuvres/Procedures |
FSTD |
A |
Instructor
initials when training completed |
Tested or
checked in FSTD or A |
Examiner
initials when test or check completed |
||
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SECTION 1 |
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1 1.1 |
Flight preparation Performance calculation |
OTD P |
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1.2 |
Aeroplane external visual inspection; location of each item and purpose of inspection |
OTD P# |
P |
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1.3 |
Cockpit inspection |
P----> |
----> |
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1.4 |
Use of checklist prior to starting engines, starting procedures, radio and navigation equipment check, selection and setting of navigation and communication frequencies |
P----> |
----> |
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M |
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1.5 |
Taxiing in compliance with ATC instructions or instructions of instructor |
P----> |
----> |
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1.6 |
Before take-off checks |
P----> |
----> |
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M |
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SECTION 2 |
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2 2.1 |
Take-offs Normal take-offs with different flap settings, including expedited take-off |
P----> |
----> |
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2.2* |
Instrument take-off; transition to instrument flight is required during rotation or immediately after becoming airborne |
P----> |
----> |
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2.3 |
Crosswind take-off |
P----> |
----> |
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2.4 |
Take-off at maximum take-off mass (actual or simulated maximum take-off mass) |
P----> |
----> |
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2.5 2.5.1* |
Take-offs with simulated engine failure: shortly after reaching V2 |
P----> |
----> |
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(In aeroplanes which are not certificated as transport category or commuter category aeroplanes, the engine failure shall not be simulated until reaching a minimum height of 500 ft above the runway end. In aeroplanes having the same performance as a transport category aeroplane regarding take-off mass and density altitude, the instructor may simulate the engine failure shortly after reaching V2) |
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2.5.2* |
between V1 and V2 |
P |
X |
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M FFS only |
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2.6 |
Rejected take-off at a reasonable speed before reaching V1 |
P----> |
----> |
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M |
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SECTION 3 |
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3 3.1 |
Flight manoeuvres and procedures Manual flight with and without flight directors (no autopilot, no autothrust/autothrottle, and at different control laws, where applicable) |
P----> |
----> |
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3.1.1 |
At different speeds (including slow flight) and altitudes within the FSTD training envelope |
P----> |
----> |
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3.1.2 |
Steep turns using 45° bank, 180° to 360° left and right |
P----> |
----> |
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3.1.3 |
Turns with and without spoilers |
P----> |
----> |
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3.1.4 |
Procedural instrument flying and manoeuvring including instrument departure and arrival, and visual approach |
P----> |
----> |
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3.2 |
Tuck under and Mach buffets (if applicable), and other specific flight characteristics of the aeroplane (e.g. Dutch Roll) |
P----> |
---->X An aero-plane shall not be used for this exercise |
|
FFS only |
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3.3 |
Normal operation of systems and controls engineer's panel (if applicable) |
OTD P----> |
----> |
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3.4 |
Normal and abnormal operations of following systems: |
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M |
A mandatory minimum of 3 abnormal items shall be selected from 3.4.0 to 3.4.14 inclusive |
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3.4.0 |
Engine (if necessary propeller) |
OTD P----> |
----> |
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3.4.1 |
Pressurisation and air conditioning |
OTD P----> |
----> |
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3.4.2 |
Pitot/static system |
OTD P----> |
----> |
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3.4.3 |
Fuel system |
OTD P----> |
----> |
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3.4.4 |
Electrical system |
OTD P----> |
----> |
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3.4.5 |
Hydraulic system |
OTD P----> |
----> |
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3.4.6 |
Flight control and trim system |
OTD P----> |
----> |
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3.4.7 |
Anti-icing/de-icing system, glare shield heating |
OTD P----> |
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3.4.8 |
Autopilot/flight director |
OTD P----> |
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M (single pilot only) |
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3.4.9 |
Stall warning devices or stall avoidance devices, and stability augmentation devices |
OTD P----> |
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3.4.10 |
Ground proximity warning system, weather radar, radio altimeter, transponder |
P----> |
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3.4.11 |
Radios, navigation equipment, instruments, FMS |
OTD P----> |
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3.4.12 |
Landing gear and brake |
OTD P----> |
----> |
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3.4.13 |
Slat and flap system |
OTD |
----> |
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3.4.14 |
Auxiliary power unit (APU) |
OTD P----> |
----> |
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Intentionally left blank |
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3.6 |
Abnormal and emergency procedures: |
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M |
A mandatory minimum of 3 items shall be selected from 3.6.1 to 3.6.9 inclusive |
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3.6.1 |
Fire drills, e.g. engine, APU, cabin, cargo compartment, flight deck, wing and electrical fires including evacuation |
P----> |
----> |
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3.6.2 |
Smoke control and removal |
P----> |
----> |
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3.6.3 |
Engine failures, shutdown and restart at a safe height |
P----> |
----> |
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3.6.4 |
Fuel dumping (simulated) |
P----> |
----> |
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3.6.5 |
Wind shear at take-off/landing |
P |
X |
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FFS only |
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3.6.6 |
Simulated cabin pressure failure/emergency descent |
P----> |
----> |
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3.6.7 |
Incapacitation of flight crew member |
P----> |
----> |
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3.6.8 |
Other emergency procedures as outlined in the appropriate aeroplane flight manual (AFM) |
P----> |
----> |
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3.6.9 |
TCAS event |
OTD P----> |
An aero-plane shall not be used |
|
FFS only |
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3.7 3.7.1 |
Upset recovery training Recovery from stall events in: – take-off configuration; – clean configuration at low altitude; – clean configuration near maximum operating altitude; and – landing configuration. |
P FFS qualified for the training task only |
X An aero-plane shall not be used for this exercise |
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3.7.2 |
The following upset exercises: – recovery from nose-high at various bank angles; and – recovery from nose-low at various bank angles |
P FFS qualified for the training task only |
X An aero-plane shall not be used for this exercise |
|
FFS only |
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3.8 |
Instrument flight procedures |
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3.8.1* |
Adherence to departure and arrival routes and ATC instructions |
P----> |
----> |
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M |
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3.8.2* |
Holding procedures |
P----> |
----> |
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3.8.3* |
3D operations to DH/A of 200 ft (60 m) or to higher minima if required by the approach procedure |
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Note: According to the AFM, RNP APCH procedures may require the use of autopilot or flight director. The procedure to be flown manually shall be chosen taking into account such limitations (for example, choose an ILS for 3.8.3.1 in the case of such AFM limitation). |
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|
3.8.3.1* |
Manually, without flight director |
P----> |
----> |
|
M (skill test only) |
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3.8.3.2* |
Manually, with flight director |
P----> |
----> |
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3.8.3.3* |
With autopilot |
P----> |
----> |
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3.8.3.4* |
Manually, with one engine simulated inoperative during final approach, either until touchdown or through the complete missed approach procedure (as applicable), starting: (i) before passing 1 000 ft above aerodrome level; and (ii) after passing 1 000 ft above aerodrome level. In aeroplanes which are not certificated as transport category aeroplanes (JAR/FAR 25) or as commuter category aeroplanes (SFAR 23), the approach with simulated engine failure and the ensuing go‑around shall be initiated in conjunction with the 2D approach in accordance with 3.8.4. The go‑around shall be initiated when reaching the published obstacle clearance height/altitude (OCH/A); however, not later than reaching an MDH/A of 500 ft above the runway threshold elevation. In aeroplanes having the same performance as a transport category aeroplane regarding take‑off mass and density altitude, the instructor may simulate the engine failure in accordance with exercise 3.8.3.4. |
P----> |
----> |
|
M |
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3.8.4* |
2D operations down to the MDH/A |
P*----> |
----> |
|
M |
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3.8.5 |
Circling approach under the following conditions: (a)*approach to the authorised minimum circling approach altitude at the aerodrome in question in accordance with the local instrument approach facilities in simulated instrument flight conditions; followed by: (b) circling approach to another runway at least 90° off centreline from the final approach used in item (a), at the authorised minimum circling approach altitude. Remark: If (a) and (b) are not possible due to ATC reasons, a simulated low visibility pattern may be performed. |
P*----> |
----> |
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3.8.6 |
Visual approaches |
P----> |
----> |
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|
SECTION 4 |
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|
4 |
Missed approach procedures |
P*----> |
----> |
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|
4.1. |
Go-around with all engines operating* during a 3D operation on reaching decision height |
P*----> |
----> |
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4.2. |
Go-around with all engines operating* from various stages during an instrument approach |
P*----> |
----> |
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4.3. |
Other missed approach procedures |
P*----> |
----> |
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4.4* |
Manual go-around with the critical engine simulated inoperative after an instrument approach on reaching DH, MDH or MAPt |
P*----> |
----> |
|
M |
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4.5. |
Rejected landing with all engines operating: – from various heights below DH/MDH; – after touchdown (baulked landing) In aeroplanes which are not certificated as transport category aeroplanes (JAR/FAR 25) or as commuter category aeroplanes (SFAR 23), the rejected landing with all engines operating shall be initiated below MDH/A or after touchdown. |
P----> |
----> |
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|
SECTION 5 |
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|
5 5.1. |
Landings Normal landings* with visual reference established when reaching DA/H following an instrument approach operation |
P |
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5.2. |
Landing with simulated jammed horizontal stabiliser in any out-of-trim position |
P----> |
An aero-plane shall not be used for this exercise |
|
FFS only |
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5.3. |
Crosswind landings (aircraft, if practicable) |
P----> |
----> |
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5.4. |
Traffic pattern and landing without extended or with partly extended flaps and slats |
P----> |
----> |
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5.5. |
Landing with critical engine simulated inoperative |
P----> |
----> |
|
M |
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5.6. |
Landing with two engines inoperative: – aeroplanes with three engines: the centre engine and one outboard engine as far as practicable according to data of the AFM; and – aeroplanes with four engines: two engines at one side |
P |
X |
|
M FFS only (skill test only) |
|
|
Section 6 shall be completed to revalidate a multi-engine class rating sea, VFR only, where the required experience of 10 route sectors within the previous 12 months has not been completed.
|
CLASS RATING
SEA |
PRACTICAL
TRAINING |
CLASS RATING
SKILL TEST OR PROFICIENCY CHECK |
|
Manoeuvres/Procedures |
Instructor’s
initials when training completed |
Examiner’s
initials when test completed |
|
SECTION 1 |
||
|
1 Departure Preflight including: – documentation; – mass and balance; – weather briefing; and – NOTAM. |
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1.2 Pre-start checks External/internal |
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1.3 Engine start-up and shutdown Normal malfunctions |
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1.4 Taxiing |
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1.5 Step taxiing |
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1.6 Mooring: Beach Jetty pier Buoy |
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1.7 Engine-off sailing |
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1.8 Pre-departure checks: Engine run-up (if applicable) |
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1.9 Take-off procedure: – normal with flight manual flap settings; and – crosswind (if conditions are available). |
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1.10 Climbing: – turns onto headings – level off |
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1.11 ATC
liaison – Compliance, R/T procedures |
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SECTION 2 |
||
|
2 Airwork (VFR) 2.1 Straight and level flight at various airspeeds including flight at critically low airspeed with and without flaps (including approach to VMCA when applicable) |
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2.2 Steep turns (360° left and right at 45° bank) |
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2.3. Stalls and recovery: (i) clean stall; (ii) approach to stall in descending turn with bank with approach configuration and power; (iii) approach to stall in landing configuration and power; and (iv) approach to stall, climbing turn with take-off flap and climb power (single-engine aeroplanes only). |
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2.4 ATC
liaison – Compliance, R/T procedures |
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SECTION 3 |
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3 En-route procedures VFR 3.1 Flight plan, dead reckoning and map reading |
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3.2 Maintenance of altitude, heading and speed |
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3.3 Orientation, timing and revision of ETAs |
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3.4 Use of radio navigation aids (if applicable) |
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3.5 Flight management (flight log, routine checks including fuel, systems and icing) |
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3.6 ATC
liaison – Compliance, R/T procedures |
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|
SECTION 4 |
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|
4 Arrivals and landings 4.1 Aerodrome arrival procedure (amphibians only) |
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4.2 Normal landing |
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4.3 Flapless landing |
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4.4 Crosswind landing (if suitable conditions) |
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4.5 Approach and landing with idle power from up to 2000´ above the water (single-engine aeroplane only) |
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4.6 Go-around from minimum height |
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Glassy water landing Rough water landing |
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4.8 ATC
liaison – Compliance, R/T procedure, |
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|
SECTION 5 |
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|
5 Abnormal and emergency procedures (This section may be combined with sections 1 through 4) 5.1 Rejected take-off at a reasonable speed |
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5.2 Simulated engine failure after take-off (single-engine aeroplane only) |
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5.3 Simulated forced landing without power (single-engine aeroplane only) |
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5.4 Simulated emergencies: (i) fire or smoke in flight (ii) systems’ malfunctions as appropriate |
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5.5 ATC
liaison – Compliance, R/T procedures |
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|
SECTION 6 |
||
|
6 Simulated asymmetric flight (This section may be combined with sections 1 through 5) 6.1 Simulated engine failure during take-off (at a safe altitude unless carried out in FFS and FNPT II) |
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6.2 Engine shutdown and restart (ME skill test only) |
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6.3 Asymmetric approach and go-around |
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6.4 Asymmetric approach and full-stop landing |
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6.5 ATC
liaison – Compliance, R/T procedures |
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1. In the case of skill test or proficiency check for type ratings and the ATPL, applicants shall pass Sections 1 to 4 and 6 (as applicable) of the skill test or proficiency check. Failure in more than five items will require applicants to repeat the entire test or check. Applicants failing not more than five items shall repeat the failed items. Failure in any item in the case of a retest or a recheck or failure in any other items already passed will require the applicants to repeat the entire test or check again. All sections of the skill test or proficiency check shall be completed within 6 months.
2. In the case of proficiency check for an IR, applicants shall pass Section 5 of the proficiency check. Failure in more than 3 items will require applicants to repeat the entire Section 5. Applicants failing not more than 3 items shall repeat the failed items. Failure in any item in the case of a recheck or failure in any other items of Section 5 already passed will require applicants to repeat the entire check.
FLIGHT TEST TOLERANCE
3. The applicant shall demonstrate the ability to:
(a) operate the helicopter within its limitations;
(b) complete all manoeuvres with smoothness and accuracy;
(c) exercise good judgement and airmanship;
(d) apply aeronautical knowledge;
(e) maintain control of the helicopter at all times in such a manner that the successful outcome of a procedure or manoeuvre is never in doubt;
(f) understand and apply crew coordination and incapacitation procedures, if applicable; and
(g) communicate effectively with the other crew members, if applicable.
4. The following limits shall apply, corrected to make allowance for turbulent conditions and the handling qualities and performance of the helicopter used.
(a) IFR flight limits
Height
Generally ±100 ft
Starting a go-around at decision +50 ft/–0 ft
height/altitude
Minimum descent +50 ft/–0 ft
height/MAP/altitude
Tracking
|
On radio aids |
±5° |
|
For “angular” deviations |
Half-scale deflection, azimuth and glide path (e.g. LPV, ILS, MLS, GLS) |
|
2D (LNAV) and 3D (LNAV/VNAV) “linear” lateral deviations |
cross-track error/deviation shall normally be limited to ± ½ of the RNP value associated with the procedure. Brief deviations from this standard up to a maximum of one time the RNP value are allowable. |
|
3D linear vertical deviations (e.g. RNP APCH (LNAV/VNAV) using BaroVNAV) |
not more than – 75 ft below the vertical profile at any time, and not more than + 75 ft above the vertical profile at or below 1 000 ft above aerodrome level. |
Heading
all engines operating ±5°
with simulated engine failure ±10°
Speed
all engines operating ±5 knots
with simulated engine failure +10 knots/–5 knots
(b) VFR flight limits
Height:
Generally ±100 ft
Heading:
Normal operations ±5°
Abnormal operations/emergencies ±10°
Speed:
Generally ±10 knots
With simulated engine failure +10 knots/-5 knots
Ground drift:
T.O. hover I.G.E. ±3 ft
Landing ±2 ft (with 0 ft rearward or lateral flight)
CONTENT OF THE TRAINING/SKILL TEST/PROFICIENCY CHECK
GENERAL
5. The following symbols mean:
P = Trained as PIC for the issue of a type rating for single-pilot helicopters (SPH) or trained as PIC or co-pilot and as PF and PM for the issue of a type rating for multi pilot helicopters (MPH).
6. The practical training shall be conducted at least at the training equipment level shown as (P), or may be conducted up to any higher equipment level shown by the arrow (---->).
The following abbreviations are used to indicate the training equipment used:
FFS = full-flight simulator
FTD = flight training device
H = helicopter
7. The starred items (*) shall be flown in actual or simulated IMC, only by applicants wishing to renew or revalidate an IR(H) or extend the privileges of that rating to another type.
8. Instrument flight procedures (Section 5) shall be performed only by applicants wishing to renew or revalidate an IR(H) or extend the privileges of that rating to another type. An FFS or an FTD 2/3 may be used for this purpose.
8a. To establish or maintain PBN privileges, one approach shall be an RNP APCH. Where an RNP APCH is not practicable, it shall be performed in an appropriately equipped FSTD.
By way of derogation from subparagraph above, in cases where a proficiency check for revalidation of PBN privileges does not include an RNP APCH exercise, the PBN privileges of the pilot shall not include RNP APCH. The restriction shall be lifted if the pilot has completed a proficiency check including an RNP APCH exercise.
9. Where the letter ‘M’ appears in the skill test or proficiency check column, this will indicate a mandatory exercise.
10. An FSTD shall be used for practical training and testing if the FSTD forms part of a type rating course. The following considerations will apply to the course:
(a) the
qualification of the FSTD as set out in the relevant requirements of Annex VI
(Part-ARA) and Annex VII (Part-ORA);
(b) the
qualifications of the instructor and examiner;
(c) the amount of
FSTD training provided on the course;
(d) the
qualifications and previous experience in similar types of the pilots under
training; and
(e) the amount of
supervised flying experience provided after the issue of the new type rating.
MULTI-PILOT HELICOPTERS
11. Applicants for the skill test for the issue of the multi-pilot helicopter type rating and ATPL(H) shall pass only Sections 1 to 4 and, if applicable, Section 6.
12. Applicants for the revalidation or renewal of the multi-pilot helicopter type rating proficiency check shall pass only Sections 1 to 4 and, if applicable, Section 6.
|
SINGLE/MULTI-PILOT HELICOPTERS |
PRACTICAL TRAINING |
SKILL TEST OR PROFICIENCY CHECK |
|||||
|
Manoeuvres/Procedures |
FSTD |
H |
Instructor initials when training completed |
Checked in FSTD or H |
Examiner initials when test completed |
||
|
SECTION 1 – Preflight preparations and checks |
|||||||
|
1.1 |
Helicopter exterior visual inspection; location of each item and purpose of inspection |
|
P |
|
M (if performed in the helicopter) |
|
|
|
1.2 |
Cockpit inspection |
P |
----> |
|
M |
|
|
|
1.3 |
Starting procedures, radio and navigation equipment check, selection and setting of navigation and communication frequencies |
P |
----> |
|
M |
|
|
|
1.4 |
Taxiing/air taxiing in compliance with ATC instructions or with instructions of an instructor |
P |
----> |
|
M |
|
|
|
1.5 |
Pre-take-off procedures and checks |
P |
----> |
|
M |
|
|
|
SECTION 2 – Flight manoeuvres and procedures |
|||||||
|
2.1 |
Take-offs (various profiles) |
P |
----> |
|
M |
|
|
|
2.2 |
Sloping ground or crosswind take-offs & landings |
P |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
2.3 |
Take-off at maximum take-off mass (actual or simulated maximum take-off mass) |
P |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
2.4 |
Take-off with simulated engine failure shortly before reaching TDP or DPATO |
P |
----> |
|
M |
|
|
|
2.4.1 |
Take-off with simulated engine failure shortly after reaching TDP or DPATO |
P |
----> |
|
M |
|
|
|
2.5 |
Climbing and descending turns to specified headings |
P |
----> |
|
M |
|
|
|
2.5.1 |
Turns with 30° bank, 180° to 360° left and right, by sole reference to instruments |
P |
----> |
|
M |
|
|
|
2.6 |
Autorotative descent |
P |
----> |
|
M |
|
|
|
2.6.1 |
For single-engine helicopters (SEH) autorotative landing or for multi-engine helicopters (MEH) power recovery |
P |
----> |
|
M |
|
|
|
2.7 |
Landings, various profiles |
P |
----> |
|
M |
|
|
|
2.7.1 |
Go-around or landing following simulated engine failure before LDP or DPBL |
P |
----> |
|
M |
|
|
|
2.7.2 |
Landing following simulated engine failure after LDP or DPBL |
P |
----> |
|
M |
|
|
|
SECTION 3 – Normal and abnormal operations of the following systems and procedures |
|||||||
|
3 |
Normal and abnormal operations of the following systems and procedures: |
|
|
|
M |
A mandatory minimum of 3 items shall be selected from this section |
|
|
3.1 |
Engine |
P |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
3.2 |
Air conditioning (heating, ventilation) |
P |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
3.3 |
Pitot/static system |
P |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
3.4 |
Fuel System |
P |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
3.5 |
Electrical system |
P |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
3.6 |
Hydraulic system |
P |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
3.7 |
Flight control and trim system |
P |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
3.8 |
Anti-icing and de-icing system |
P |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
3.9 |
Autopilot/Flight director |
P |
---> |
|
|
|
|
|
3.10 |
Stability augmentation devices |
P |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
3.11 |
Weather radar, radio altimeter, transponder |
P |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
3.12 |
Area navigation system |
P |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
3.13 |
Landing gear system |
P |
-----> |
|
|
|
|
|
3.14 |
APU |
P |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
3.15 |
Radio, navigation equipment, instruments and FMS |
P |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
SECTION 4 – Abnormal and emergency procedures |
|||||||
|
4 |
Abnormal and emergency procedures |
|
|
|
M |
A mandatory minimum of 3 items shall be selected from this section |
|
|
4.1 |
Fire drills (including evacuation if applicable) |
P |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
4.2 |
Smoke control and removal |
P |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
4.3 |
Engine failures, shutdown and restart at a safe height |
P |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
4.4 |
Fuel dumping (simulated) |
P |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
4.5 |
Tail rotor control failure (if applicable) |
P |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
4.5.1 |
Tail rotor loss (if applicable) |
P |
A helicopter shall not be used for this exercise |
|
|
|
|
|
4.6 |
Incapacitation of crew member – MPH only |
P |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
4.7 |
Transmission malfunctions |
P |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
4.8 |
Other emergency procedures as outlined in the appropriate flight manual |
P |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
SECTION 5 – Instrument flight procedures (to be performed in IMC or simulated IMC) |
|||||||
|
5.1 |
Instrument take-off: transition to instrument flight is required as soon as possible after becoming airborne |
P* |
---->* |
|
|
|
|
|
5.1.1 |
Simulated engine failure during departure |
P* |
---->* |
|
M* |
|
|
|
5.2 |
Adherence to departure and arrival routes and ATC instructions |
P* |
---->* |
|
M* |
|
|
|
5.3 |
Holding procedures |
P* |
---->* |
|
|
|
|
|
5.4 |
3D operations to DH/A of 200 ft (60 m) or to higher minima if required by the approach procedure |
P* |
---->* |
|
|
|
|
|
5.4.1 |
Manually, without flight director. Note: According to the AFM, RNP APCH procedures may require the use of autopilot or flight director. The procedure to be flown manually shall be chosen taken into account such limitations (for example, choose an ILS for 5.4.1 in the case of such AFM limitation). |
P* |
---->* |
|
M* |
|
|
|
5.4.2 |
Manually, with flight director |
P* |
---->* |
|
M* |
|
|
|
5.4.3 |
With coupled autopilot |
P* |
---->* |
|
|
|
|
|
5.4.4 |
Manually, with one engine simulated inoperative; engine failure has to be simulated during final approach before passing 1 000 ft above aerodrome level until touchdown or until completion of the missed approach procedure |
P* |
---->* |
|
M* |
|
|
|
5.5 |
2D operations down to the MDA/H |
P* |
---->* |
|
M* |
|
|
|
5.6 |
Go-around with all engines operating on reaching DA/H or MDA/MDH |
P* |
---->* |
|
|
|
|
|
5.6.1 |
Other missed approach procedures |
P* |
---->* |
|
|
|
|
|
5.6.2 |
Go-around with one engine simulated inoperative on reaching DA/H or MDA/MDH |
P* |
---->* |
|
M* |
|
|
|
5.7 |
IMC autorotation with power recovery |
P* |
---->* |
|
M* |
|
|
|
5.8 |
Recovery from unusual attitudes |
P* |
---->* |
|
M* |
|
|
|
SECTION 6 — Use of optional equipment |
|||||||
|
6 |
Use of optional equipment |
P |
----> |
|
|
|
|
SINGLE-PILOT HELICOPTERS
13. Applicants for the issue, revalidation or renewal of a single-pilot helicopter type rating shall:
(a) if privileges for single-pilot operation are sought, complete the skill test or proficiency check in single-pilot operation;
(b) if privileges for multi-pilot operation are sought, complete the skill test or proficiency check in multi-pilot operation;
(c) if privileges for both single-pilot and multi-pilot privileges are sought, complete the skill test or proficiency check in multi-pilot operation and, additionally, the following manoeuvres and procedures in single-pilot operation:
(1) for single-engine helicopters: 2.1 take-off and 2.6 and 2.6.1 autorotative descent and autorotative landing;
(2) for multi-engine helicopters: 2.1 take-off and 2.4 and 2.4.1 engine failures shortly before and shortly after reaching TDP;
(3) for IR privileges, in addition to point (1) or (2), as applicable, one approach of Section 5, unless the criteria of Appendix 8 to this Annex are met;
(d) in order to remove a restriction to multi-pilot operation from a non-complex single-pilot helicopter type rating, complete a proficiency check that includes the manoeuvres and procedures referred to in point (c)(1) or (c)(2), as applicable.
1. In the case of skill tests or proficiency checks for powered-lift aircraft type ratings, applicants shall pass Sections 1 to 5 and 6 (as applicable) of the skill test or proficiency check. Failure in more than five items will require applicants to repeat the entire test or check. Applicants failing not more than five items shall repeat the failed items. Failure in any item in the case of a retest or a recheck or failure in any other items already passed will require applicants to repeat the entire test or check. All sections of the skill test or proficiency check shall be completed within 6 months.
FLIGHT TEST TOLERANCE
2. Applicants shall demonstrate the ability to:
(a) operate the powered-lift aircraft within its limitations;
(b) complete all manoeuvres with smoothness and accuracy;
(c) exercise good judgement and airmanship;
(d) apply aeronautical knowledge;
(e) maintain control of the powered-lift aircraft at all times in such a manner that the successful outcome of a procedure or manoeuvre is never in doubt;
(f) understand and apply crew coordination and incapacitation procedures; and
(g) communicate effectively with the other crew members.
3. The following limits shall apply, corrected to make allowance for turbulent conditions and the handling qualities and performance of the powered-lift aircraft used.
(a) IFR flight limits:
Height
Generally ±100 ft
Starting a go-around at decision height/altitude +50 ft/-0 ft
Minimum descent height/altitude +50 ft/-0 ft
Tracking
On radio aids ±5°
Precision approach half scale deflection, azimuth and glide path
Heading
Normal operations ±5°
Abnormal operations/emergencies ±10°
Speed
Generally ±10 knots
With simulated engine failure +10 knots/-5 knots
(b) VFR flight limits:
Height
Generally ±100 ft
Heading:
Normal operations ±5°
Abnormal operations/emergencies ±10°
Speed
Generally ±10 knots
With simulated engine failure +10 knots/-5 knots
Ground drift
T.O. hover I.G.E. ±3 ft
Landing ±2 ft (with 0 ft rearward or lateral flight)
CONTENT OF THE TRAINING/SKILL TEST/PROFICIENCY CHECK
4. The following symbol means:
P= Trained as PIC or co-pilot and as PF and PM for the issue of a type rating as applicable
5. The practical training shall be conducted at least at the training equipment level shown as (P), or may be conducted up to any higher equipment level shown by the arrow (---->).
6. The following abbreviations are used to indicate the training equipment used:
FFS = full-flight simulator
FTD = flight training device
OTD = other training device
PL = powered-lift aircraft
6a. The starred items (*) shall be flown solely by reference to instruments. If this condition is not met during the skill test or proficiency check, the type rating will be restricted to VFR only.
7. Where the letter ‘M’ appears in the skill test or proficiency check column, this will indicate a mandatory exercise.
8. FSTDs shall be used for practical training and testing if they form part of an approved type rating course. The following considerations will apply to the approval of the course:
(a) the qualification of the FSTDs as set out in the relevant requirements of Annex VI (Part-ARA) and Annex VII (Part-ORA); and
(b) the qualifications of the instructor.
|
POWERED-LIFT AIRCRAFT CATEGORY |
PRACTICAL TRAINING |
SKILL TEST OR PROFICIENCY CHECK |
|||||||
|
Manoeuvres/Procedures |
OTD |
FTD |
FFS |
PL |
Instructor’s initials when training completed |
Checked in FFS PL |
Examiner’s initials when test completed |
||
|
SECTION 1 – Preflight preparations and checks |
|||||||||
|
1.1 |
Powered-lift aircraft exterior visual inspection; location of each item and purpose of inspection |
|
|
|
P |
|
|
|
|
|
1.2 |
Cockpit inspection |
P |
----> |
----> |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
1.3 |
Starting procedures, radio and navigation equipment check, selection and setting of navigation and communication frequencies |
P |
----> |
----> |
----> |
|
M |
|
|
|
1.4 |
Taxiing in compliance with ATC instructions or with instructions of an instructor |
|
P |
----> |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
1.5 |
Pre-take-off procedures and checks including power check |
P |
----> |
----> |
----> |
|
M |
|
|
|
SECTION 2 – Flight manoeuvres and procedures |
|||||||||
|
2.1 |
Normal VFR take-off profiles: Runway operations (short take-off and landing (STOL) and vertical take-off and landing (VTOL)) including crosswind Elevated heliports Ground level heliports |
|
P |
----> |
----> |
|
M |
|
|
|
2.2 |
Take-off at maximum take-off mass (actual or simulated maximum take-off mass) |
|
P |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.3.1 |
Rejected take-off: – during runway operations; – during elevated heliport operations; and – during ground level operations. |
|
P |
----> |
|
|
M |
|
|
|
2.3.2 |
Take-off with simulated engine failure after passing decision point: during runway operations; during elevated heliport operations; and during ground level operations. |
|
P |
----> |
|
|
M |
|
|
|
2.4 |
Autorotative descent in helicopter mode to ground (an aircraft shall not be used for this exercise) |
P |
----> |
----> |
|
|
M FFS only |
|
|
|
2.4.1 |
Windmill descent in aeroplane mode (an aircraft shall not be used for this exercise) |
|
P |
----> |
|
|
M FFS only |
|
|
|
2.5 |
Normal VFR landing profiles: runway operations (STOL and VTOL) elevated heliports ground level heliports |
|
P |
----> |
----> |
|
M |
|
|
|
2.5.1 |
Landing with simulated engine failure after reaching decision point: – during runway operations; – during elevated heliport operations; and – during ground level operations. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.6 |
Go-around or landing following simulated engine failure before decision point |
|
P |
----> |
|
|
M |
|
|
|
SECTION 3 – Normal and abnormal operations of the following systems and procedures: |
|||||||||
|
3 |
Normal and abnormal operations of the following systems and procedures (may be completed in an FSTD if qualified for the exercise): |
|
|
|
|
|
M |
A mandatory minimum of 3 items shall be selected from this section |
|
|
3.1 |
Engine |
P |
----> |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.2 |
Pressurisation and air conditioning (heating, ventilation) |
P |
----> |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.3 |
Pitot/static system |
P |
----> |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.4 |
Fuel System |
P |
----> |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.5 |
Electrical system |
P |
----> |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.6 |
Hydraulic system |
P |
----> |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.7 |
Flight control and trim system |
P |
----> |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.8 |
Anti-icing and de-icing system, glare shield heating (if fitted) |
P |
----> |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.9 |
Autopilot/Flight director |
P |
---> |
---> |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.10 |
Stall warning devices or stall avoidance devices and stability augmentation devices |
P |
----> |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.11 |
Weather radar, radio altimeter, transponder, ground proximity warning system (if fitted) |
P |
----> |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.12 |
Landing gear system |
P |
-----> |
-----> |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.13 |
APU |
P |
----> |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.14 |
Radio, navigation equipment, instruments and FMS |
P |
----> |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.15 |
Flap system |
P |
----> |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
|
SECTION 4 – Abnormal and emergency procedures |
|||||||||
|
4 |
Abnormal and emergency procedures (may be completed in an FSTD if qualified for the exercise) |
|
|
|
|
|
M |
A mandatory minimum of 3 items shall be selected from this section |
|
|
4.1 |
Fire drills, engine, APU, cargo compartment, flight deck and electrical fires including evacuation if applicable |
P |
----> |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.2 |
Smoke control and removal |
P |
----> |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.3 |
Engine failures, shutdown and restart (an aircraft shall not be used for this exercise) including one engine inoperative conversion from helicopter to aeroplane modes and vice versa |
P |
----> |
----> |
|
|
FFS only |
|
|
|
4.4 |
Fuel dumping (simulated, if fitted) |
P |
----> |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.5 |
Wind shear at take-off and landing (an aircraft shall not be used for this exercise) |
|
|
P |
|
|
FFS only |
|
|
|
4.6 |
Simulated cabin pressure failure/emergency descent (an aircraft shall not be used for this exercise) |
P |
----> |
----> |
|
|
FFS only |
|
|
|
4.7 |
ACAS event (an aircraft shall not be used for this exercise) |
P |
----> |
----> |
|
|
FFS only |
|
|
|
4.8 |
Incapacitation of crew member |
P |
----> |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.9 |
Transmission malfunctions |
P |
----> |
----> |
|
|
FFS only |
|
|
|
4.10 |
Recovery from a full stall (power on and off) or after activation of stall warning devices in climb, cruise and approach configurations (an aircraft shall not be used for this exercise) |
P |
----> |
----> |
|
|
FFS only |
|
|
|
4.11 |
Other emergency procedures as detailed in the appropriate flight manual |
P |
----> |
----> |
|
|
|
|
|
|
SECTION 5 — Instrument flight procedures (to be performed in IMC or simulated IMC) |
|||||||||
|
5.1 |
Instrument take-off: transition to instrument flight is required as soon as possible after becoming airborne |
P* |
---->* |
---->* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.1.1 |
Simulated engine failure during departure after decision point |
P* |
---->* |
---->* |
|
|
M* |
|
|
|
5.2 |
Adherence to departure and arrival routes and ATC instructions |
P* |
---->* |
---->* |
|
|
M* |
|
|
|
5.3 |
Holding procedures |
P* |
---->* |
---->* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.4 |
Precision approach down to a decision height not less than 60 m (200 ft) |
P* |
---->* |
---->* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.4.1 |
Manually, without flight director |
P* |
---->* |
---->* |
|
|
M* (Skill test only) |
|
|
|
5.4.2 |
Manually, with flight director |
P* |
---->* |
---->* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.4.3 |
With use of autopilot |
P* |
---->* |
---->* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.4.4 |
Manually, with one engine simulated inoperative; engine failure has to be simulated during final approach before passing the OM and continued either to touchdown or until completion of the missed approach procedure |
P* |
---->* |
---->* |
|
|
M* |
|
|
|
5.5 |
Non-precision approach down to the MDA/H |
P* |
---->* |
---->* |
|
|
M* |
|
|
|
5.6 |
Go-around with all engines operating on reaching DA/H or MDA/MDH |
P* |
---->* |
---->* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.6.1 |
Other missed approach procedures |
P* |
---->* |
---->* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.6.2 |
Go-around with one engine simulated inoperative on reaching DA/H or MDA/MDH |
P* |
|
|
|
|
M* |
|
|
|
5.7 |
IMC autorotation with power recovery to land on runway in helicopter mode only (an aircraft shall not be used for this exercise) |
P* |
---->* |
---->* |
|
|
M* FFS only |
|
|
|
5.8 |
Recovery from unusual attitudes (this one depends on the quality of the FFS) |
P* |
---->* |
---->* |
|
|
M* |
|
|
|
SECTION 6 — Optional equipment |
|||||||||
|
6 |
Use of optional equipment |
|
P |
----> |
----> |
|
|
|
|
1. In the case of skill tests or proficiency checks for airship type ratings, applicants shall pass Sections 1 to 5 and 6 (as applicable) of the skill test or proficiency check. Failure in more than five items will require applicants to repeat the entire test or check. Applicants failing not more than five items shall take the failed items again. Failure in any item in the case of a retest or a recheck, or failure in any other items already passed will require applicants to repeat the entire test or check again. All sections of the skill test or proficiency check shall be completed within 6 months.
FLIGHT TEST TOLERANCE
2. Applicants shall demonstrate the ability to:
(a) operate the airship within its limitations;
(b) complete all manoeuvres with smoothness and accuracy;
(c) exercise good judgement and airmanship;
(d) apply aeronautical knowledge;
(e) maintain control of the airship at all times in such a manner that the successful outcome of a procedure or manoeuvre is never in doubt;
(f) understand and apply crew coordination and incapacitation procedures; and
(g) communicate effectively with the other crew members.
3. The following limits shall apply, corrected to make allowance for turbulent conditions and the handling qualities and performance of the airship used.
(a) IFR flight limits:
Height
Generally ±100 ft
Starting a go-around at decision height/altitude +50 ft/-0 ft
Minimum descent height/altitude +50 ft/-0 ft
Tracking
On radio aids ±5°
Precision approach half-scale deflection, azimuth and glide path
Heading
Normal operations ±5°
Abnormal operations/emergencies ±10°
(b) VFR flight limits:
Height
Generally ±100 ft
Heading
Normal operations ±5°
Abnormal operations/emergencies ±10°
CONTENT OF THE TRAINING/SKILL TEST/PROFICIENCY CHECK
4. The following symbol means:
P = Trained as PIC or co-pilot and as PF and PM for the issue of a type rating as applicable.
5. The practical training shall be conducted at least at the training equipment level shown as (P), or may be conducted up to any higher equipment level shown by the arrow (---->).
6 The following abbreviations are used to indicate the training equipment used:
FFS = full-flight simulator
FTD = flight training device
OTD = other training device
As = airship
6a. The starred items (*) shall be flown solely by reference to instruments. If this condition is not met during the skill test or proficiency check, the type rating will be restricted to VFR only.
7. Where the letter ‘M’ appears in the skill test or proficiency check column, this will indicate a mandatory exercise.
8. FSTDs shall be used for practical training and testing if they form part of a type rating course. The following considerations will apply to the course:
(a) the qualification of the FSTDs as set out in the relevant requirements of Annex VI (Part-ARA) and Annex VII (Part-ORA); and
(b) the qualifications of the instructor.
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AIRSHIP CATEGORY |
PRACTICAL TRAINING |
SKILL TEST OR PROFICIENCY CHECK |
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Manoeuvres/Procedures |
OTD |
FTD |
FFS |
As |
Instructor’s initials when training completed |
Checked in FFS As |
Examiner’s initials when test completed |
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SECTION 1 – Preflight preparations and checks |
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1.1 |
Preflight inspection |
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P |
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1.2 |
Cockpit inspection |
P |
----> |
----> |
----> |
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1.3 |
Starting procedures, radio and navigation equipment check, selection and setting of navigation and communication frequencies |
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P |
----> |
----> |
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M |
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1.4 |
Off-mast procedure and ground manoeuvring |
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P |
----> |
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M |
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1.5 |
Pre-take-off procedures and checks |
P |
----> |
----> |
----> |
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M |
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SECTION 2 – Flight manoeuvres and procedures |
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2.1 |
Normal VFR take-off profile |
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P |
----> |
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M |
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2.2 |
Take-off with simulated engine failure |
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P |
----> |
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M |
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2.3 |
Take-off with heaviness > 0 (Heavy T/O) |
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P |
----> |
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2.4 |
Take-off with heaviness < 0 (Light/TO) |
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P |
----> |
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2.5 |
Normal climb procedure |
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P |
----> |
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2.6 |
Climb to Pressure Height |
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P |
----> |
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2.7 |
Recognising of pressure height |
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P |
----> |
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2.8 |
Flight at or close to pressure height |
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P |
----> |
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M |
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2.9 |
Normal descent and approach |
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P |
----> |
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2.10 |
Normal VFR landing profile |
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P |
----> |
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M |
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2.11 |
Landing with heaviness > 0 (Heavy Ldg.) |
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P |
----> |
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M |
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2.12 |
Landing with heaviness < 0 (Light Ldg.) |
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P |
----> |
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M |
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Intentionally left blank |
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SECTION 3 – Normal and abnormal operations of the following systems and procedures |
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3 |
Normal and abnormal operations of the following systems and procedures (may be completed in an FSTD if qualified for the exercise): |
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M |
A mandatory minimum of 3 items shall be selected from this section |
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3.1 |
Engine |
P |
----> |
----> |
----> |
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3.2 |
Envelope pressurisation |
P |
----> |
----> |
----> |
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3.3 |
Pitot/static system |
P |
----> |
----> |
----> |
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3.4 |
Fuel system |
P |
----> |
----> |
----> |
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3.5 |
Electrical system |
P |
----> |
----> |
----> |
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3.6 |
Hydraulic system |
P |
----> |
----> |
----> |
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3.7 |
Flight control and trim system |
P |
----> |
----> |
----> |
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3.8 |
Ballonet system |
P |
----> |
----> |
----> |
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3.9 |
Autopilot/flight director |
P |
---> |
---> |
----> |
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3.10 |
Stability augmentation devices |
P |
----> |
----> |
----> |
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3.11 |
Weather radar, radio altimeter, transponder, ground proximity warning system (if fitted) |
P |
----> |
----> |
----> |
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3.12 |
Landing gear system |
P |
-----> |
-----> |
----> |
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3.13 |
APU |
P |
----> |
----> |
----> |
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3.14 |
Radio, navigation equipment, instruments and FMS |
P |
----> |
----> |
----> |
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Intentionally left blank |
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SECTION 4 – Abnormal and emergency procedures |
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4 |
Abnormal and emergency procedures (may be completed in an FSTD if qualified for the exercise) |
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M |
A mandatory minimum of three items shall be selected from this section |
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4.1 |
Fire drills, engine, APU, cargo compartment, flight deck and electrical fires, including evacuation if applicable |
P |
----> |
----> |
----> |
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4.2 |
Smoke control and removal |
P |
----> |
----> |
----> |
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4.3 |
Engine failures, shutdown and restart: in particular phases of flight, inclusive multiple engine failure |
P |
----> |
----> |
----> |
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4.4 |
Incapacitation of crew member |
P |
----> |
----> |
----> |
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4.5 |
Transmission/gearbox malfunctions |
P |
----> |
----> |
----> |
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FFS only |
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4.6 |
Other emergency procedures as outlined in the appropriate flight manual |
P |
----> |
----> |
----> |
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SECTION 5 – Instrument Flight Procedures (to be performed in IMC or simulated IMC) |
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5.1 |
Instrument take-off: transition to instrument flight is required as soon as possible after becoming airborne |
P* |
---->* |
---->* |
---->* |
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5.1.1 |
Simulated engine failure during departure |
P* |
---->* |
---->* |
---->* |
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M* |
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5.2 |
Adherence to departure and arrival routes and ATC instructions |
P* |
---->* |
---->* |
---->* |
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M* |
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5.3 |
Holding procedures |
P* |
---->* |
---->* |
---->* |
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5.4 |
Precision approach down to a decision height not less than 60 m (200 ft) |
P* |
---->* |
---->* |
---->* |
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5.4.1 |
Manually, without flight director |
P* |
---->* |
---->* |
---->* |
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M* (Skill test only) |
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5.4.2 |
Manually, with flight director |
P* |
---->* |
---->* |
---->* |
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5.4.3 |
With use of autopilot |
P* |
---->* |
---->* |
---->* |
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5.4.4 |
Manually, with one engine simulated inoperative; engine failure has to be simulated during final approach before passing the OM and continued to touchdown or until completion of the missed approach procedure |
P* |
---->* |
---->* |
---->* |
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M* |
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5.5 |
Non-precision approach down to the MDA/H |
P* |
---->* |
---->* |
---->* |
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M* |
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5.6 |
Go-around with all engines operating on reaching DA/H or MDA/MDH |
P* |
---->* |
---->* |
---->* |
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5.6.1 |
Other missed approach procedures |
P* |
---->* |
---->* |
---->* |
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5.6.2 |
Go-around with one engine simulated inoperative on reaching DA/H or MDA/MDH |
P* |
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M* |
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5.7 |
Recovery from unusual attitudes (this one depends on the quality of the FFS) |
P* |
---->* |
---->* |
---->* |
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M* |
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SECTION 6 – Optional equipment |
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6 |
Use of optional equipment |
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P |
----> |
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