MODULE 12. HELICOPTER AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS

• Regulation (EU) 2023/989 found in: Continuing Airworthiness (1321/2014) Part-M Part-145 Part-66 Part-147 Part-T Part-ML Part-CAMO Part-CAO (Jul 2024)

MODULE 12. HELICOPTER AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS Regulation (EU) 2023/989 <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="605"><thead><tr><td colspan="3" rowspan="2" width="473"><p><b>MODULE 12. HELICOPTER AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS</b></p></td><td colspan="2" valign="top" width="132"><p>LEVEL</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="66"><p>A3</p><p>A4</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>B1.3</p><p>B1.4</p></td></tr></thead><tr><td colspan="3" valign="top" width="473"><p>12.1 Theory of flight — rotary wing aerodynamics</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>1</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>2</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" valign="top" width="473"><p>12.2 Flight control systems (ATA 67)</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>2</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>3</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" valign="top" width="473"><p>12.3 Blade tracking and vibration analysis (ATA 18)</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>1</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>3</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" valign="top" width="473"><p>12.4 Transmission</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>1</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>3</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" valign="top" width="473"><p>12.5 Airframe structures (ATA 51)</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"></td><td valign="top" width="66"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="28"></td><td colspan="2" valign="top" width="444"><p>(a) General concept;</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>2</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>2 </p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="28"></td><td colspan="2" valign="top" width="444"><p>(b) Construction methods of the principal elements.</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>1</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>2</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" valign="top" width="473"><p>12.6 Air conditioning (ATA 21)</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"></td><td valign="top" width="66"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" valign="top" width="473"><p> 12.6.1 Air supply</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>1</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>2</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" valign="top" width="473"><p> 12.6.2 Air conditioning</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>1</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>3</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" valign="top" width="473"><p>12.7 Instruments/avionic systems</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"></td><td valign="top" width="66"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" valign="top" width="473"><p> 12.7.1 Instrument systems (ATA 31)</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>1</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>2</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" valign="top" width="473"><p> 12.7.2 Avionic systems</p></td><td rowspan="2" valign="top" width="66"><p>1</p></td><td rowspan="2" valign="top" width="66"><p>1</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" valign="top" width="47"></td><td valign="top" width="425"><p>Fundamentals of system layouts and operation of:</p><p>Auto Flight (ATA 22);</p><p>Communications (ATA 23);</p><p>Navigation Systems (ATA 34).</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" valign="top" width="473"><p>12.8 Electrical Power (ATA 24)</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>1</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>3</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" valign="top" width="473"><p>12.9 Equipment and furnishings (ATA 25)</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"></td><td valign="top" width="66"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="28"></td><td colspan="2" valign="top" width="444"><p align="left">(a) Emergency equipment; <br/> Seats, harnesses, and belts; <br/> Lifting systems;</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>2</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>2</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="28"></td><td colspan="2" valign="top" width="444"><p align="left">(b) Emergency flotation systems; <br/> Cabin layout, cargo retention; <br/> Equipment layout; <br/> Cabin furnishing installation.</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>1</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>1</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" valign="top" width="473"><p>12.10 Fire Protection (ATA 26)</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"></td><td valign="top" width="66"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="28"></td><td colspan="2" valign="top" width="444"><p>(a) Fire and smoke detection systems and Fire-extinguishing systems;</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>1</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>3</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="28"></td><td colspan="2" valign="top" width="444"><p>(b) Portable fire extinguishers.</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>1</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>1</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" valign="top" width="473"><p>12.11 Fuel Systems (ATA 28)</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>1</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>3</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" valign="top" width="473"><p>12.12 Hydraulic Power (ATA 29)</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>1</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>3</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" valign="top" width="473"><p>12.13 Ice and Rain Protection (ATA 30)</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>1</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>3</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" valign="top" width="473"><p>12.14 Landing Gear (ATA 32)</p></td><td rowspan="2" valign="top" width="66"><p>2</p></td><td rowspan="2" valign="top" width="66"><p>3</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="28"></td><td colspan="2" valign="top" width="444"><p>(a) System description and operation;</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="28"></td><td colspan="2" valign="top" width="444"><p>(b) Sensors.</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>2</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>3</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" valign="top" width="473"><p>12.15 Lights (ATA 33)</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>2</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>3</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" valign="top" width="473"><p>12.16 (Reserved)</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>2</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>3</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" valign="top" width="473"><p>12.17 Integrated Modular Avionics (ATA 42)</p></td><td rowspan="2" valign="top" width="66"><p>1</p></td><td rowspan="2" valign="top" width="66"><p>2</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="28"></td><td colspan="2" valign="top" width="444"><p>(a) Overall system description and theory</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="28"></td><td colspan="2" valign="top" width="444"><p>(b) Typical system layouts</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>1</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>2</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" valign="top" width="473"><p>12.18 On-board Maintenance Systems (ATA 45)</p></td><td rowspan="2" valign="top" width="66"><p>1</p></td><td rowspan="2" valign="top" width="66"><p>2</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="28"></td><td colspan="2" valign="top" width="444"><p>Central maintenance computers; <br/> Data-loading system;</p><p>Electronic library system.</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" valign="top" width="473"><p>12.19 Information Systems (ATA 46)</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>1</p></td><td valign="top" width="66"><p>2</p></td></tr><tr height="0"></tr></table> ## MODULE 12. HELICOPTER AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS *Regulation (EU) 2023/989* <table bgcolor="#d9d9d9" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0"> <colgroup> <col/> <col/> <col/> </colgroup> <colgroup> <col/> </colgroup> <colgroup> <col/> </colgroup> <thead> <tr> <td bgcolor="#808080" colspan="3" rowspan="2"><p align="center"> <b>MODULE 12. HELICOPTER AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS</b></p> </td> <td bgcolor="#808080" colspan="2" valign="top"><p align="center"> <b>LEVEL</b></p> </td> </tr> </thead> <thead> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#808080"><p align="center"> <b>A3</b></p> <p align="center"><b>A4</b></p> </td> <td bgcolor="#808080"><p align="center"> <b>B1.3</b></p> <p align="center"><b>B1.4</b></p> </td> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="3"><p align="left"> <i>12.1 Theory of flight — rotary wing aerodynamics</i></p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 1</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 2</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="3"><p align="left"> <i>12.2 Flight control systems (ATA 67)</i></p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 2</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 3</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="3"><p align="left"> <i>12.3 Blade tracking and vibration analysis (ATA 18)</i></p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 1</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 3</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="3"><p align="left"> <i>12.4 Transmission</i></p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 1</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 3</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="3"><p align="left"> <i>12.5 Airframe structures (ATA 51)</i></p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> <br/> </p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> <br/> </p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> <br/> </p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="2"><p> (a) General concept;</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 2</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 2 </p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> <br/> </p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="2"><p> (b) Construction methods of the principal elements.</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 1</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 2</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="3"><p align="left"> <i>12.6 Air conditioning (ATA 21)</i></p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> <br/> </p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> <br/> </p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="3"><p align="left"> <i>12.6.1 Air supply</i></p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 1</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 2</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="3"><p align="left"> <i>12.6.2 Air conditioning</i></p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 1</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 3</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="3"><p align="left"> <i>12.7 Instruments/avionic systems</i></p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> <br/> </p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> <br/> </p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="3"><p align="left"> <i>12.7.1 Instrument systems (ATA 31)</i></p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 1</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 2</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="3"><p align="left"> <i>12.7.2 Avionic systems</i></p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" rowspan="2"><p align="center"> 1</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" rowspan="2"><p align="center"> 1</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="2"><p align="left"> <br/> </p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> Fundamentals of system layouts and operation of:</p> <p align="left"> Auto Flight <i>(ATA 22)</i>;</p> <p align="left"> Communications <i>(ATA 23)</i>;</p> <p align="left">Navigation Systems <i>(ATA 34)</i>.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="3"><p align="left"> <i>12.8 Electrical Power (ATA 24)</i></p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 1</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 3</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="3"><p align="left"> <i>12.9 Equipment and furnishings (ATA 25)</i></p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> <br/> </p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> <br/> </p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> <br/> </p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="2"><p align="left"> (a) Emergency equipment; <br/> Seats, harnesses, and belts; <br/> Lifting systems;</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 2</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 2</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> <br/> </p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="2"><p align="left"> (b) Emergency flotation systems; <br/> Cabin layout, cargo retention; <br/> Equipment layout; <br/> Cabin furnishing installation.</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 1</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 1</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="3"><p align="left"> <i>12.10 Fire Protection (ATA 26)</i></p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> <br/> </p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> <br/> </p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> <br/> </p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="2"><p> (a) Fire and smoke detection systems and Fire-extinguishing systems;</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 1</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 3</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> <br/> </p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="2"><p> (b) Portable fire extinguishers.</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 1</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 1</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="3"><p align="left"> <i>12.11 Fuel Systems (ATA 28)</i></p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 1</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 3</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="3"><p align="left"> <i>12.12 Hydraulic Power (ATA 29)</i></p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 1</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 3</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="3"><p align="left"> <i>12.13 Ice and Rain Protection (ATA 30)</i></p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 1</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 3</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="3"><p align="left"> <i>12.14 Landing Gear (ATA 32)</i></p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" rowspan="2"><p align="center"> <br/> </p> <p align="center">2</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" rowspan="2"><p align="center"> <br/> </p> <p align="center">3</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> <br/> </p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="2"><p> (a) System description and operation;</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> <br/> </p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="2"><p> (b) Sensors.</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 2</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 3</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="3"><p align="left"> <i>12.15 Lights (ATA 33)</i></p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 2</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 3</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="3"><p align="left"> <i>12.16 (Reserved)</i></p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 2</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 3</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="3"><p align="left"> <i>12.17 Integrated Modular Avionics (ATA 42)</i></p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" rowspan="2"><p align="center"> <br/> </p> <p align="center">1</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" rowspan="2"><p align="center"> <br/> </p> <p align="center">2</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> <br/> </p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="2"><p> (a) Overall system description and theory</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> <br/> </p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="2"><p> (b) Typical system layouts</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 1</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 2</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="3"><p align="left"> <i>12.18 On-board Maintenance Systems (ATA 45)</i></p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" rowspan="2"><p align="center"> 1</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" rowspan="2"><p align="center"> 2</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> <br/> </p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="2"><p align="left"> Central maintenance computers; <br/> Data-loading system;</p> <p align="left">Electronic library system.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="3"><p align="left"> <i>12.19 Information Systems (ATA 46)</i></p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 1</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="center"> 2</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>