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GM4 ORGH.MGM.200(b)(2)(iv) General requirements for the management system

Available versions for ERULES-1963177438-23553

ED Decision 2025/007/R found in: Ground Handling (GH) (2025/23 and 2025/20) (Nov 2025)

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##### GM4 ORGH.MGM.200(b)(2)(iv) General requirements for the management system

*ED Decision 2025/007/R*

**SAFETY CULTURE AND JUST
CULTURE**

(a) Safety is not the responsibility of a single person or a limited
group of people in an organisation. A safety culture should be
developed throughout the organisation, involving all personnel as
active contributors to the safety of the final product or service.

(b) Just culture, as a component of safety culture, operates with
complex concepts. Therefore, it is important to consider human
factors in the way in which training is provided to GH personnel, to
ensure its effectiveness. For example, complex concepts should be
explained in simple terms and using concrete and relevant examples
from daily operation.

(c) It is good practice for the GH organisation to develop a just
culture policy (ideally a stand‑alone document) that is
formally endorsed by top management and staff representatives.

(d) The GH organisation could refer to the European Corporate Just
Culture Declaration.

**SAFETY CULTURE INDICATORS**

The GH organisation may use the following table, containing safety
culture characteristics and indicators, to measure the maturity of
safety culture in its organisation (from the Netherlands Aerospace
Centre’s study Aircraft Ground Handling and Human Factors[[20]](#_ftn20)):

<table cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0">
<col/>
<col/>
<thead>
<tr valign="top">
<td>
Characteristic
</td>
<td>
Indicators
</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="top">
<td>
Commitment
Reflects
				the extent to which every level of the organisation has a
				positive attitude towards safety and recognises its importance.
</td>
<td>
				—	Management
				concern

				—	Personal
				concern

				—	Investment
				in safety
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td>
Justness
Reflects
				the extent to which safe behaviour and reporting of safety issues
				are encouraged or even rewarded and unsafe behaviour is
				discouraged.
</td>
<td>
				—	Evaluation
				of (un)safe behaviour

				—	Perception
				of evaluation

				—	Passing
				of responsibility
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td>
Information
Reflects
				the extent to which safety‑related information is
				distributed to the right people in the organisation.
</td>
<td>
				—	Safety
				training

				—	Communication
				of safety‑related information

				—	Safety
				reporting system

				—	Willingness
				to report

				—	Consequences
				of safety reports
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td>
Awareness
Reflects
				the extent to which employees and management are aware of the
				risks the organisation’s operations pose to themselves and to
				others.
</td>
<td>
				—	Awareness
				of job‑induced risks

				—	Attitudes
				towards unknown hazards

				—	Attention
				to safety
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td>
Adaptability
Reflects
				the extent to which employees and management are willing to learn
				from past experiences and are able to take whatever action is
				necessary to enhance the level of safety within the organisation.
</td>
<td>
				—	Actions
				after safety occurrences

				—	Proactiveness
				to prevent safety occurrences

				—	Employee
				input
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td>
Behaviour
Reflects
				the extent to which every level of the organisation behaves to
				maintain and improve the level of safety.
</td>
<td>
				—	Job
				satisfaction

				—	Working
				situation

				—	Employee
				behaviour with respect to safety

				—	Mutual
				expectations and encouragement
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

---

[[20]](#_ftnref20) Balk,
A. D. and Bossenbroek, J. W., Aircraft Ground Handling and
Human Factors, NLR-CR-2010-125, Netherlands Aerospace Centre: Air
Transport Safety Institute, Amsterdam, 2010,
<https://www.easa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/dfu/Aircraft-Ground-Handling-and-Human-Factors-NLR-final-report.pdf>.