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CS ADR-DSN.Q.852 Marking and lighting of overhead wires, cables, supporting towers, etc.

Available versions for ERULES-1963177438-2325

ED Decision 2025/004/R found in: Easy Access Rules for Aerodromes (Mar 2026)

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#### CS ADR-DSN.Q.852 Marking and lighting of overhead wires, cables, supporting towers, etc.

*ED Decision 2025/004/R*

(a) Marking: The wires, cables, etc. to be marked should be equipped
with markers; the supporting tower should be coloured.

(b) Marking by colours: The supporting towers of overhead wires,
cables, etc. that require marking should be marked in accordance with
[CS ADR-DSN.Q.845(b)](#_DxCrossRefBm1262885399),
except that the marking of the supporting towers may be omitted when
they are lighted by high-intensity obstacle lights by day.

(1) Markers displayed on or adjacent to objects should be located in
conspicuous positions so as to retain the general definition of the
object and should be recognisable in clear weather from a distance of
at least 1 000 m for an object to be viewed from the air
and 300 m for an object to be viewed from the ground in all
directions in which an aircraft is likely to approach the object. The
shape of markers should be distinctive to the extent necessary to
ensure that they are not mistaken for markers employed to convey
other information, and they should be such that the hazard presented
by the object they mark is not increased.

(2) A marker displayed on an overhead wire, cable, etc., should be
spherical and have a diameter of not less than 60 cm.

(3) The spacing between two consecutive markers, or between a marker
and a supporting tower, should be appropriate to the diameter of the
marker. The spacing should normally not exceed:

(i) 30 m where the marker diameter is 60 cm, increasing
progressively with increase of the marker diameter to:

(ii) 35 m where the marker diameter is 80 cm; and

(iii) further progressive increases to a maximum of 40 m where
the marker diameter is of at least 130 cm.

Where multiple wires, cables, etc., are involved, a marker should be
located not lower than the level of the highest wire at the point
marked.

(4) A marker should be of one colour. When installed, white and red,
or white and orange, markers should be displayed alternately. The
colour selected should contrast with the background against which it
should be seen.

(5) When it has been determined that an overhead wire, cable, etc.,
needs to be marked but it is not practicable to install markers on
the wire, cable, etc., then high-intensity obstacle lights, Type B,
should be provided on their supporting towers.

(d) Lighting:

(1) High-intensity obstacle lights, Type B, should be used to
indicate the presence of the tower supporting overhead wires, cables,
etc. where:

(i) a safety assessment indicates such light to be essential for the
recognition of the presence of wires, cables, etc.; or

(ii) it has not been found practicable to install marker on the
wires, cables, etc.

(2) Where high-intensity obstacle lights, Type B, are used, they
should be located at three levels:

(i) at the top of the tower;

(ii) at the lowest level of the catenary of the wires or cables; and

(iii) at approximately midway between these two levels.

(3) High-intensity obstacle lights, Type B, indicating the presence
of a tower supporting overhead wires, cables, etc., should flash
sequentially; first the middle light, second the top light, and last
the bottom light. The intervals between flashes of the lights should
approximate the following ratios:

<table bgcolor="#d9d9d9" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0">
<col/>
<col/>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#808080">
Flash
					interval between
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080">
Ratio
					of cycle time
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Middle
					and top light
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
1/13
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Top
					and bottom light
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
2/13
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Bottom
					and middle light
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
10/13
</td>
</tr>
</table>

(4) The installation setting angles for high-intensity obstacle
lights, Types B, should be in accordance with Table Q-5.

<table bgcolor="#d9d9d9" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0">
<col/>
<col/>
<col/>
<col/>
<col/>
<col/>
<col/>
<thead>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#808080">
(1)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080">
(2)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080">
(3)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080">
(4)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080">
(5)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080">
(6)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080">
(7)
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#808080" rowspan="2">
Light
				type
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080" rowspan="2">
Colour
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080" rowspan="2">
Signal
				type/ (Flash Rate)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080" colspan="3">
Peak
				intensity (cd) at given Background Luminance (b)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080" rowspan="2">
Light
				Distribution Table
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#808080">
Day

(Above
				500 cd/m2)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080">
Twilight

(50-500
				cd/m2)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080">
Night
				


(Below
				50 cd/m2)
</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Low-intensity
				Type A (fixed obstacle)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Red
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Fixed
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
N/A
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
N/A
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
10
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Table
				Q-2
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Low-intensity
				Type B (fixed obstacle)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Red
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Fixed
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
N/A
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
N/A
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
32
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Table
				Q-2
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Low-intensity
				Type C (mobile obstacle)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Yellow/

Blue
				(a)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Flashing

(60-90
				fpm)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
N/A
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
40
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
40
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Table
				Q-2
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Low-intensity
				Type D (follow-me vehicle)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Yellow
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Flashing

(60-90
				fpm)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
N/A
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
200
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
200
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Table
				Q-2
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Low-intensity,
				Type E
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Red
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Flashing

(c)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
N/A
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
N/A
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
32
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Table
				Q-2

(Type
				B)
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Medium-intensity
				Type A
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
White
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Flashing

(20-60
				fpm)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
20
				000
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
20
				000
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
2
				000
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Table
				Q-3
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Medium-intensity
				Type B
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Red
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Flashing

(20-60
				fpm)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
N/A
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
N/A
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
2
				000
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Table
				Q-3
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Medium-intensity
				Type C
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Red
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Fixed
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
N/A
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
N/A
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
2
				000
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Table
				Q-3
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
High-intensity
				Type A
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
White
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Flashing

(40-60
				fpm)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
200
				000
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
20
				000
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
2
				000
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Table
				Q-3
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
High-intensity
				Type B
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
White
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Flashing

(40-60
				fpm)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
100
				000
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
20
				000
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
2
				000
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Table
				Q-3
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="7" valign="top">
(a)	<a href="#_DxCrossRefBm1262884768">ADR.OPS.B.080</a>(a)(2),
				<a href="#_DxCrossRefBm1262884887">AMC1
				ADR.OPS.B.080(a)</a> and <a href="#_DxCrossRefBm1262884889">AMC2
				ADR.OPS.B.080(a)</a>

(b)	For
				flashing lights, effective intensity as determined in accordance
				with ICAO Doc 9157, Aerodrome Design Manual, Part 4, Visual Aids.

(c)	For
				wind turbine application, to flash at the same rate as the
				lighting on the nacelle.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

***Table
Q-1. Characteristics of obstacle lights***

<table bgcolor="#d9d9d9" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0">
<col/>
<col/>
<col/>
<col/>
<col/>
<thead>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#808080" rowspan="2" valign="top">
 

</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080" rowspan="2">
Minimum
				intensity (a)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080" rowspan="2">
Maximum
				intensity (a)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080" colspan="2">
Vertical
				beam spread (f)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#808080">
Minimum
				beam spread
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080">
Intensity
</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Type
				A
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
10
				cd (b)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
N/A
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
10°
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
5
				cd
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Type
				B
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
32
				cd (b)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
N/A
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
10°
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
16
				cd
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Type
				C
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
40
				cd (b)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
400
				cd
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
12(d)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
20
				cd
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
Type
				D
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
200
				cd (c)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
400
				cd
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
N/A(e)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
N/A
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="5" valign="top">
Note:
				This table does not include recommended horizontal beam spreads.
				<a href="#_DxCrossRefBm1262885401">CS
				ADR-DSN.Q.846(c)</a> requires 360° coverage around an
				obstacle. Therefore, the number of lights needed to meet this
				requirement will depend on the horizontal beam spreads of each
				light as well as the shape of the obstacle. Thus, with narrower
				beam spreads, more lights will be required.

(a)	360°
				horizontal. For flashing lights, the intensity is read into
				effective intensity, as determined in accordance with ICAO,
				Aerodrome Design Manual, Part 4, Visual Aids.

(b)	Between
				2 and 10° vertical. Elevation vertical angles are referenced to
				the horizontal when the light is levelled.

(c)	Between
				2 and 20° vertical. Elevation vertical angles are referenced to
				the horizontal when the light is levelled.

(d)	Peak
				intensity should be located at approximately 2.5° vertical.

(e)	Peak
				intensity should be located at approximately 17° vertical.

(f)	Beam
				spread is defined as the angle between the horizontal plan and
				the directions for which the intensity exceeds that mentioned in
				the ‘intensity’ column.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

***Table
Q-2. Light distribution for low-intensity obstacle lights***

<table bgcolor="#d9d9d9" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0">
<col/>
<col/>
<col/>
<col/>
<col/>
<col/>
<col/>
<col/>
<col/>
<col/>
<col/>
<col/>
<thead>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#808080" rowspan="4">
Benchmark
				intensity
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080" colspan="6">
Minimum
				requirements
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080" colspan="5">
Recommendations
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#808080" colspan="4">
Vertical
				elevation angle (b)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080" colspan="2" rowspan="2">
Vertical
				beam spread (c)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080" colspan="3">
Vertical
				elevation angle (b)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080" colspan="2" rowspan="2">
Vertical
				beam spread (c)
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#808080" colspan="3">
0°
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080">
-1°
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080">
0°
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080">
-1°
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080">
-10°
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#808080">
Minimum
				average intensity (a)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080">
Minimum
				intensity (a)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080" colspan="2">
Minimum
				intensity (a)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080">
Minimum
				beam spread
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080">
Intensity
				(a)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080">
Maximum
				intensity (a)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080">
Maximum
				intensity (a)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080">
Maximum
				intensity (a)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080">
Maximum
				beam spread
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080">
Intensity
				(a)
</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
200 000
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
200 000
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
150 000
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="2">
75 000
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
3°
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
75 000
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
250 000
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
112 500
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
7 500
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
7°
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
75 000
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
100 000
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
100 000
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
75 000
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="2">
37 500
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
3°
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
37 500
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
125 000
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
56 250
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
3 750
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
7°
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
37 500
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
20 000
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
20 000
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
15 000
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="2">
7 500
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
3°
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
7 500
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
25 000
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
11 250
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
750
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
N/A
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
N/A
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
2 000
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
2 000
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
1 500
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="2">
750
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
3°
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
750
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
2 500
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
1 125
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
75
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
N/A
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
N/A
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="12" valign="top">
Note:
				This table does not include recommended horizontal beam spreads.
				<a href="#_DxCrossRefBm1262885401">CS
				ADR-DSN.Q.846(c)</a> requires 360° coverage around an
				obstacle. Therefore, the number of lights needed to meet this
				requirement will depend on the horizontal beam spreads of each
				light as well as the shape of the obstacle. Thus, with narrower
				beam spreads, more lights will be required.

(a)	360°
				horizontal. All intensities are expressed in Candela. For
				flashing lights, the intensity is read into effective intensity,
				as determined in accordance with ICAO Doc 9157, Aerodrome
				Design Manual, Part 4, Visual Aids.

(b)	Elevation
				vertical angles are referenced to the horizontal when the light
				unit is levelled.

(c)	Beam
				spread is defined as the angle between the horizontal plan and
				the directions for which the intensity exceeds that mentioned in
				the ‘intensity’ column.

Note:
				an extended beam spread may be necessary under specific
				configuration and justified by a safety assessment.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

***Table
Q-3. Light distribution for medium- and high-intensity obstacle
lights according to benchmark intensities of Table Q-1***

<table bgcolor="#d9d9d9" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0">
<col/>
<col/>
<col/>
<col/>
<thead>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#808080" colspan="2" valign="top">
Longest
				dimension
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080" colspan="2" rowspan="2">
Band
				width
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#808080">
Greater
				than
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080" colspan="2">
Not
				exceeding
</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
1.5
				m
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="2">
210
				m
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
1/7
				of longest dimension
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
210
				m
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="2">
270
				m
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
1/9
				 “ “ “
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
270
				m
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="2">
330
				m
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
1/11
				“ “ “
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
330
				m
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="2">
390
				m
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
1/13
				“ “ “
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
390
				m
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="2">
450
				m
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
1/15
				“ “ “
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
450
				m
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="2">
510
				m
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
1/17
				“ “ “
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
510
				m
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="2">
570
				m
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
1/19
				“ “ “
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
570
				m
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" colspan="2">
630
				m
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
1/21
				“ “ “
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

***Table
Q-4. Marking band widths***

<table bgcolor="#d9d9d9" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0">
<col/>
<col/>
<col/>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#808080" colspan="2" valign="top">
Height
			of light unit above terrain (AGL)
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080" rowspan="2">
Angle
			of the peak of the beam above the horizontal
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#808080">
Greater
			than
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080">
Not
			exceeding
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
151 m
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
 

</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
0°
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
122 m
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
151 m
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
1°
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
92 m
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
122 m
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
2°
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
 

</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
92 m
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d9d9d9">
3°
</td>
</tr>
</table>

***Table
Q-5. Installation setting angles for high-intensity obstacle lights***

[Issue: ADR-DSN/3]

[Issue: ADR-DSN/4]

[Issue: ADR-DSN/6]

[Issue: ADR-DSN/7]