GM1 ORO.FC.231(f) Evidence-based training

• ED Decision 2021/002/R found in: Air Operations (965/2012) Part-ARO Part-ORO Part-CAT Part-SPA Part-NCC Part-NCO Part-SPO (Sep 2023)

GM1 ORO.FC.231(f) Evidence-based training ED Decision 2021/002/R EQUIVALENCY OF MALFUNCTIONS — SIGNIFICANT DEMAND ON A PROFICIENT CREW (a) The criteria to determine that a malfunction places a significant demand on a proficient crew are the following: (1) The procedure includes one or more action items and not only a set of information for crew awareness. (2) The flight crew’s cognitive load (resources required by the mental processes of perception, memory, judgement, and reasoning) significantly increases during or after the application of the associated abnormal or emergency procedure. The cognitive load is considered to be significantly increased when it is well above the cognitive load induced by the application of the normal standard operating procedures. (3) The flight crew’s workload significantly increases during or after the application of the associated abnormal or emergency procedure. The workload is considered to be significantly increased when it is well above the workload induced by the application of the normal standard operating procedures. (4) The aircraft handling perceived by the pilot when flying in abnormal conditions is different compared to the aircraft handling in normal conditions; e.g. the symmetry of the flight is affected. (b) The criteria to determine that a malfunction places a significant demand on a proficient crew allow the identification of: (1) the pilot competencies that are specifically challenged during the management of the related procedure, and (2) the characteristic of the aircraft system malfunction procedure. Note: The identification of the pilot competencies allows a consistent assessment to determine the proficiency of the crew member. <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="605"><thead><tr><td valign="top" width="74"><p><b>Criteria in (a)</b></p></td><td valign="top" width="219"><p><b>Definition </b></p></td><td valign="top" width="84"><p><b>Challenged Competency</b></p></td><td valign="top" width="228"><p><b>Example of procedure characteristics </b></p></td></tr></thead><tr><td valign="top" width="74"><p><b>(1)</b></p></td><td valign="top" width="219"><p>The procedure includes one or more action items and not only a set of information for crew awareness.</p></td><td valign="top" width="84"><p>PRO</p><p>KNO</p></td><td valign="top" width="228"><p>multiple paths within the procedure (e.g. decision trees)</p><p>multiple inoperative or degraded systems </p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="74"><p><b>(2)</b></p></td><td valign="top" width="219"><p>The flight crew’s cognitive load (resources required by the mental processes of perception, memory, judgement, and reasoning) significantly increases, during, or after, the application of the abnormal/emergency procedure. The cognitive load is considered to be significantly increased when it is well above the cognitive load induced by the application of the normal standard operating procedures.</p></td><td valign="top" width="84"><p>SAW</p><p>PSD</p></td><td valign="top" width="228"><p>multiple paths within the procedure (e.g. decision trees)</p><p>multiple inoperative or degraded systems</p><p>a high potential for undetected errors (e.g. removal of flight protections)</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="74"><p><b>(3)</b></p></td><td valign="top" width="219"><p>The flight crew’s workload significantly increases, during, or after, the application of the abnormal/emergency procedure. The workload is considered to be significantly increased when it is well above the workload induced by the application of the normal standard operating procedures.</p></td><td valign="top" width="84"><p>WLM</p></td><td valign="top" width="228"><p>time criticality; </p><p>multiple paths within the procedure (e.g. decision trees); </p><p>multiple inoperative or degraded systems; </p><p>a high potential for undetected errors (e.g. removal of flight protections); and </p><p>a significant increase in workload (e.g. removal of automation). </p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="74"><p><b>(4)</b></p></td><td valign="top" width="219"><p>The aircraft handling perceived by the pilot when flying in abnormal conditions is different compared to the aircraft handling in normal conditions; e.g. the symmetry of the flight is affected.</p></td><td valign="top" width="84"><p>FPM</p><p>FPA</p></td><td valign="top" width="228"><p>multiple inoperative or degraded systems </p><p>a high potential for undetected errors (e.g. removal of flight protections)</p></td></tr></table> (c) When a malfunction is placing a significant demand on a proficient crew, it means it has one or more of the malfunction characteristics (see more in [GM2.ORO.FC.231(f)](#_DxCrossRefBm318085728)). GM1 ORO.FC.231(f) Evidence-based training ED Decision 2021/002/R EQUIVALENCY OF MALFUNCTIONS — SIGNIFICANT DEMAND ON A PROFICIENT CREW (a) The criteria to determine that a malfunction places a significant demand on a proficient crew are the following: (1) The procedure includes one or more action items and not only a set of information for crew awareness. (2) The flight crew’s cognitive load (resources required by the mental processes of perception, memory, judgement, and reasoning) significantly increases during or after the application of the associated abnormal or emergency procedure. The cognitive load is considered to be significantly increased when it is well above the cognitive load induced by the application of the normal standard operating procedures. (3) The flight crew’s workload significantly increases during or after the application of the associated abnormal or emergency procedure. The workload is considered to be significantly increased when it is well above the workload induced by the application of the normal standard operating procedures. (4) The aircraft handling perceived by the pilot when flying in abnormal conditions is different compared to the aircraft handling in normal conditions; e.g. the symmetry of the flight is affected. (b) The criteria to determine that a malfunction places a significant demand on a proficient crew allow the identification of: (1) the pilot competencies that are specifically challenged during the management of the related procedure, and (2) the characteristic of the aircraft system malfunction procedure. Note: The identification of the pilot competencies allows a consistent assessment to determine the proficiency of the crew member. <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="605"><thead><tr><td valign="top" width="74"><p><b>Criteria in (a)</b></p></td><td valign="top" width="219"><p><b>Definition </b></p></td><td valign="top" width="84"><p><b>Challenged Competency</b></p></td><td valign="top" width="228"><p><b>Example of procedure characteristics </b></p></td></tr></thead><tr><td valign="top" width="74"><p><b>(1)</b></p></td><td valign="top" width="219"><p>The procedure includes one or more action items and not only a set of information for crew awareness.</p></td><td valign="top" width="84"><p>PRO</p><p>KNO</p></td><td valign="top" width="228"><p>multiple paths within the procedure (e.g. decision trees)</p><p>multiple inoperative or degraded systems </p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="74"><p><b>(2)</b></p></td><td valign="top" width="219"><p>The flight crew’s cognitive load (resources required by the mental processes of perception, memory, judgement, and reasoning) significantly increases, during, or after, the application of the abnormal/emergency procedure. The cognitive load is considered to be significantly increased when it is well above the cognitive load induced by the application of the normal standard operating procedures.</p></td><td valign="top" width="84"><p>SAW</p><p>PSD</p></td><td valign="top" width="228"><p>multiple paths within the procedure (e.g. decision trees)</p><p>multiple inoperative or degraded systems</p><p>a high potential for undetected errors (e.g. removal of flight protections)</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="74"><p><b>(3)</b></p></td><td valign="top" width="219"><p>The flight crew’s workload significantly increases, during, or after, the application of the abnormal/emergency procedure. The workload is considered to be significantly increased when it is well above the workload induced by the application of the normal standard operating procedures.</p></td><td valign="top" width="84"><p>WLM</p></td><td valign="top" width="228"><p>time criticality; </p><p>multiple paths within the procedure (e.g. decision trees); </p><p>multiple inoperative or degraded systems; </p><p>a high potential for undetected errors (e.g. removal of flight protections); and </p><p>a significant increase in workload (e.g. removal of automation). </p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="74"><p><b>(4)</b></p></td><td valign="top" width="219"><p>The aircraft handling perceived by the pilot when flying in abnormal conditions is different compared to the aircraft handling in normal conditions; e.g. the symmetry of the flight is affected.</p></td><td valign="top" width="84"><p>FPM</p><p>FPA</p></td><td valign="top" width="228"><p>multiple inoperative or degraded systems </p><p>a high potential for undetected errors (e.g. removal of flight protections)</p></td></tr></table> (c) When a malfunction is placing a significant demand on a proficient crew, it means it has one or more of the malfunction characteristics (see more in [GM2.ORO.FC.231(f)](#_DxCrossRefBm927678100)). ##### GM1 ORO.FC.231(f) Evidence-based training *ED Decision 2021/002/R* **EQUIVALENCY OF MALFUNCTIONS — SIGNIFICANT DEMAND ON A PROFICIENT CREW** (a) The criteria to determine that a malfunction places a significant demand on a proficient crew are the following: (1) The procedure includes one or more action items and not only a set of information for crew awareness. (2) The flight crew’s cognitive load (resources required by the mental processes of perception, memory, judgement, and reasoning) significantly increases during or after the application of the associated abnormal or emergency procedure. The cognitive load is considered to be significantly increased when it is well above the cognitive load induced by the application of the normal standard operating procedures. (3) The flight crew’s workload significantly increases during or after the application of the associated abnormal or emergency procedure. The workload is considered to be significantly increased when it is well above the workload induced by the application of the normal standard operating procedures. (4) The aircraft handling perceived by the pilot when flying in abnormal conditions is different compared to the aircraft handling in normal conditions; e.g. the symmetry of the flight is affected. (b) The criteria to determine that a malfunction places a significant demand on a proficient crew allow the identification of: (1) the pilot competencies that are specifically challenged during the management of the related procedure, and (2) the characteristic of the aircraft system malfunction procedure. *Note: The identification of the pilot competencies allows a consistent assessment to determine the proficiency of the crew member.* <table bgcolor="#d9d9d9" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0"> <col/> <col/> <col/> <col/> <thead> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#808080"><p> <b>Criteria in (a)</b></p> </td> <td bgcolor="#808080"><p> <b>Definition </b> </p> </td> <td bgcolor="#808080"><p> <b>Challenged Competency</b></p> </td> <td bgcolor="#808080"><p> <b>Example of procedure characteristics </b> </p> </td> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#808080"><p> <b>(1)</b></p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p> The procedure includes one or more action items and not only a set of information for crew awareness.</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p> PRO</p> <p>KNO</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p> multiple paths within the procedure (e.g. decision trees)</p> <p>multiple inoperative or degraded systems </p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#808080"><p> <b>(2)</b></p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p> The flight crew’s cognitive load (resources required by the mental processes of perception, memory, judgement, and reasoning) significantly increases, during, or after, the application of the abnormal/emergency procedure. The cognitive load is considered to be significantly increased when it is well above the cognitive load induced by the application of the normal standard operating procedures.</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p> SAW</p> <p> PSD</p> <p><br/> </p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p> multiple paths within the procedure (e.g. decision trees)</p> <p> multiple inoperative or degraded systems</p> <p> a high potential for undetected errors (e.g. removal of flight protections)</p> <p><br/> </p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#808080"><p> <b>(3)</b></p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p> The flight crew’s workload significantly increases, during, or after, the application of the abnormal/emergency procedure. The workload is considered to be significantly increased when it is well above the workload induced by the application of the normal standard operating procedures.</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p> <br/> <br/> </p> <p>WLM</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p> time criticality; </p> <p> multiple paths within the procedure (e.g. decision trees); </p> <p> multiple inoperative or degraded systems; </p> <p> a high potential for undetected errors (e.g. removal of flight protections); and </p> <p>a significant increase in workload (e.g. removal of automation). </p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#808080"><p> <b>(4)</b></p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p> The aircraft handling perceived by the pilot when flying in abnormal conditions is different compared to the aircraft handling in normal conditions; e.g. the symmetry of the flight is affected.</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p> FPM</p> <p>FPA</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p> multiple inoperative or degraded systems </p> <p>a high potential for undetected errors (e.g. removal of flight protections)</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> (c) When a malfunction is placing a significant demand on a proficient crew, it means it has one or more of the malfunction characteristics (see more in [GM2.ORO.FC.231(f)](#_DxCrossRefBm523087636)).