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ATTACHMENT A: REMOTE PILOT THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICAL SKILL EXAMINATION FOR STS-01

Available versions for ERULES-1963177438-17399

Regulation (EU) 2020/639 found in: Unmanned Aircraft Systems (2019/947 and 2019/945) Part-UAS (Jul 2024)

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ATTACHMENT A: REMOTE PILOT THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICAL SKILL EXAMINATION FOR STS-01

Regulation (EU) 2020/639

**(1)** **Theoretical knowledge examination**

(a) The examination referred in point (2)(b) of point [UAS.STS-01.020](#_DxCrossRefBm1106656989) shall comprise at least 40 multiple-choice questions aimed at assessing the remote pilot’s knowledge of the technical and operational mitigations, distributed appropriately across the following subjects:

(i) aviation regulations;

(ii) human performance limitations;

(iii) operational procedures;

(iv) technical and operational mitigations for ground risk;

(v) UAS general knowledge;

(vi) meteorology;

(vii) the flight performance of the UAS; and

(viii) technical and operational mitigations for air risks.

(b) If the student remote pilot already holds a certificate of remote pilot competency as referred to in point (2) of point [UAS.OPEN.030](#_DxCrossRefBm1106656742), the examination shall comprise at least 30 multiple-choice questions distributed appropriately across the subjects in points (1)(a)(i) to (1)(a)(v).

(c) To pass the theoretical knowledge examination, the remote pilot student shall achieve at least 75 % of the overall marks.

**(2)** **Practical skill training and assessment**

The training and assessment of the practical skill for operations under any standard scenario shall cover at least the subjects and areas identified in Table 1:

*Table 1*

**Subjects and areas to be covered for practical skill training and assessment**

<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td valign="top" width="179">Subject</td><td valign="top" width="422">Areas to be covered</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="179">(a) Pre-flight actions</td><td valign="top" width="422">(i) Operation planning, airspace considerations and site risk assessment. The following points are to be included:(A) identify the objectives of the intended operation;(B) make sure that the defined operational volume and relevant buffers (e.g. ground risk buffer) are suitable for the intended operation;(C) spot the obstacles in the operational volume that could hinder the intended operation;(D) identify whether the wind speed and/or direction may be affected by topography or by obstacles in the operational volume;(E) select relevant data on airspace information (including on UAS geographical zones) that can have an impact on the intended operation;(F) make sure the UAS is suitable for the intended operation;(G) make sure that the selected payload is compatible with the UAS used for the operation;(H) implement the necessary measures to comply with the limitations and conditions applicable to the operational volume and ground risk buffer for the intended operation in accordance with the operations manual procedures for the relevant scenario;(I) implement the necessary procedures to operate in controlled airspace, including a protocol to communicate with ATC and obtain clearance and instructions, if necessary;(J) confirm that all the necessary documents for the intended operation are on site; and(K) brief all participants about the planned operation.(ii) UAS pre-flight inspection and set-up (including flight modes and power-source hazards). The following points are to be included:(A) assess the general condition of the UAS;(B) ensure that all the removable components of the UAS are properly secured;(C) make sure that the UAS software configurations are compatible;(D) calibrate the instruments in the UAS;(E) identify any flaw that may jeopardise the intended operation;(F) make sure that the energy level of the battery is sufficient for the intended operation;(G) make sure that the flight termination system of the UAS and its triggering system are operational;(H) check the correct functioning of the command and control link;(I) activate the geo-awareness function and upload the information to it (if geo-awareness function is available); and(J) set the height and speed limitation systems (if available).(iii) Knowledge of the basic actions to be taken in the event of an emergency situation, including issues with the UAS, or if a mid‑air collision hazard arises during the flight.</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="179">(b) In-flight procedures</td><td valign="top" width="422">(i) Maintain an effective look-out and keep the unmanned aircraft within visual line of sight (VLOS) at all times to include: situational awareness of the location in relation to the operational volume and other airspace users, obstacles, terrain and persons who are not involved at all times.(ii) Perform accurate and controlled flight manoeuvres at different heights and distances representative of the corresponding STS (including flight in manual/non-GNSS assisted mode or the equivalent, where fitted). At least the following manoeuvres shall be performed:(A) hover in position (only for rotorcraft);(B) transition from hover into forward flight (only for rotorcraft);(C) climb and descent from level flight;(D) turns in level flight;(E) speed control in level flight;(F) actions after a failure of a motor/propulsion system; and(G) evasive action (manoeuvres) to avoid collisions.(iii) Real-time monitoring of the UAS status and endurance limitations.Flight under abnormal conditions:(A) manage a partial or complete power shortage of the unmanned aircraft propulsion system while ensuring the safety of third parties on the ground;(B) manage the path of the unmanned aircraft in abnormal situations;(C) manage a situation in which the unmanned aircraft positioning equipment is impaired;(D) manage a situation of an incursion by a person not involved into the operational volume or the controlled ground area, and take appropriate measures to maintain safety;(E) react to, and take the appropriate corrective actions for a situations where the unmanned aircraft is likely to exceed the limit of the flight geography (contingency procedures) and from the operational volume (emergency procedures) as defined during the flight preparation;(F) manage the situation when an aircraft approaches the operational volume; and(G) demonstrate the recovery method following a deliberate (simulated) loss of the command and control link.</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="179">(c) Post-flight actions</td><td valign="top" width="422">(i) Shut down and secure the UAS.(ii) Post-flight inspection and recording of any relevant data relating to the general condition of the UAS (its systems, components and power sources) and crew fatigue.(iii) Conduct a debriefing about the operation.(iv) Identify situations when an occurrence report was necessary and complete the required occurrence report.</td></tr></table>

#### ATTACHMENT A: REMOTE PILOT THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICAL SKILL EXAMINATION FOR STS-01

*Regulation (EU) 2020/639*

(1) **Theoretical knowledge examination**

(a) The examination referred in point (2)(b) of point [UAS.STS-01.020](#_DxCrossRefBm1295819307)
shall comprise at least 40 multiple-choice questions aimed at
assessing the remote pilot’s knowledge of the technical and
operational mitigations, distributed appropriately across the
following subjects:

(i) aviation regulations;

(ii) human performance limitations;

(iii) operational procedures;

(iv) technical and operational mitigations for ground risk;

(v) UAS general knowledge;

(vi) meteorology;

(vii) the flight performance of the UAS; and

(viii) technical and operational mitigations for air risks.

(b) If the student remote pilot already holds a certificate of remote
pilot competency as referred to in point (2) of point [UAS.OPEN.030](#_DxCrossRefBm1295819030),
the examination shall comprise at least 30 multiple-choice questions
distributed appropriately across the subjects in points (1)(a)(i) to
(1)(a)(v).

(c) To pass the theoretical knowledge examination, the remote pilot
student shall achieve at least 75 % of the overall marks.

(2) **Practical skill training and assessment**

The training and assessment of the practical skill for operations
under any standard scenario shall cover at least the subjects and
areas identified in Table 1:

*Table 1*

**Subjects and areas to be covered for practical skill training and
assessment**

<table cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0">
<col/>
<col/>
<tr valign="top">
<td>
Subject
</td>
<td>
Areas
			to be covered
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td>
(a)	Pre-flight
			actions
</td>
<td>
(i)
			Operation planning, airspace considerations and site risk
			assessment. The following points are to be included:

(A)
			identify the objectives of the intended operation;

(B)
			make sure that the defined operational volume and relevant buffers
			(e.g. ground risk buffer) are suitable for the intended operation;

(C)
			spot the obstacles in the operational volume that could hinder the
			intended operation;

(D)
			identify whether the wind speed and/or direction may be affected
			by topography or by obstacles in the operational volume;

(E)
			select relevant data on airspace information (including on UAS
			geographical zones) that can have an impact on the intended
			operation;

(F)
			make sure the UAS is suitable for the intended operation;

(G)
			make sure that the selected payload is compatible with the UAS
			used for the operation;

(H)
			implement the necessary measures to comply with the limitations
			and conditions applicable to the operational volume and ground
			risk buffer for the intended operation in accordance with the
			operations manual procedures for the relevant scenario;

(I)
			implement the necessary procedures to operate in controlled
			airspace, including a protocol to communicate with ATC and obtain
			clearance and instructions, if necessary;

(J)
			confirm that all the necessary documents for the intended
			operation are on site; and

(K)
			brief all participants about the planned operation.

(ii)
			UAS pre-flight inspection and set-up (including flight modes and
			power-source hazards). The following points are to be included:

(A)
			assess the general condition of the UAS;

(B)
			ensure that all the removable components of the UAS are properly
			secured;

(C)
			make sure that the UAS software configurations are compatible;

(D)
			calibrate the instruments in the UAS;

(E)
			identify any flaw that may jeopardise the intended operation;

(F)
			make sure that the energy level of the battery is sufficient for
			the intended operation;

(G)
			make sure that the flight termination system of the UAS and its
			triggering system are operational;

(H)
			check the correct functioning of the command and control link;

(I)
			activate the geo-awareness function and upload the information to
			it (if geo-awareness function is available); and

(J)
			set the height and speed limitation systems (if available).

(iii)
			Knowledge of the basic actions to be taken in the event of an
			emergency situation, including issues with the UAS, or if a
			mid‑air collision hazard arises during the flight.
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td>
(b)	In-flight
			procedures
</td>
<td>
(i)
			Maintain an effective look-out and keep the unmanned aircraft
			within visual line of sight (VLOS) at all times to include:
			situational awareness of the location in relation to the
			operational volume and other airspace users, obstacles, terrain
			and persons who are not involved at all times.

(ii)
			Perform accurate and controlled flight manoeuvres at different
			heights and distances representative of the corresponding STS
			(including flight in manual/non-GNSS assisted mode or the
			equivalent, where fitted). At least the following manoeuvres shall
			be performed:

(A)
			hover in position (only for rotorcraft);

(B)
			transition from hover into forward flight (only for rotorcraft);

(C)
			climb and descent from level flight;

(D)
			turns in level flight;

(E)
			speed control in level flight;

(F)
			actions after a failure of a motor/propulsion system; and

(G)
			evasive action (manoeuvres) to avoid collisions.

(iii)
			Real-time monitoring of the UAS status and endurance limitations.

Flight
			under abnormal conditions:

(A)
			manage a partial or complete power shortage of the unmanned
			aircraft propulsion system while ensuring the safety of third
			parties on the ground;

(B)
			manage the path of the unmanned aircraft in abnormal situations;

(C)
			manage a situation in which the unmanned aircraft positioning
			equipment is impaired;

(D)
			manage a situation of an incursion by a person not involved into
			the operational volume or the controlled ground area, and take
			appropriate measures to maintain safety;

(E)
			react to, and take the appropriate corrective actions for a
			situations where the unmanned aircraft is likely to exceed the
			limit of the flight geography (contingency procedures) and from
			the operational volume (emergency procedures) as defined during
			the flight preparation;

(F)
			manage the situation when an aircraft approaches the operational
			volume; and

(G)
			demonstrate the recovery method following a deliberate (simulated)
			loss of the command and control link.
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td>
(c)	Post-flight
			actions
</td>
<td>
(i)
			Shut down and secure the UAS.

(ii)
			Post-flight inspection and recording of any relevant data relating
			to the general condition of the UAS (its systems, components and
			power sources) and crew fatigue.

(iii)
			Conduct a debriefing about the operation.

(iv)
			Identify situations when an occurrence report was necessary and
			complete the required occurrence report.
</td>
</tr>
</table>

Compare / EASA/ Incorporated Amendments/ Compare & Highlight Differences

ATTACHMENT A: REMOTE PILOT THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICAL SKILL EXAMINATION FOR STS-01

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