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Appendix C - Background information on Mode S EHS

Available versions for ERULES-1963177438-15742

ED Decision 2022/008/R found in: GM Remote Aerodrome Air Traffic Services (ED 2019/004/R) Issue 2 (Jul 2020)

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Appendix C – Background information on Mode S EHS

ED Decision 2022/008/R

(a) Introduction

This appendix provides background information on Enhanced Surveillance (EHS) useful to understand EHS airborne surveillance system defined in the CS ACNS.D.EHS and its associated AMCs.

(b) Related material

(1) EASA

ETSO-C112d, Minimum Operational Performance Specification for SSR Mode S Transponders. (Based on EUROCAE ED-73E).

(2) EUROCONTROL

(i) The Concept of Operations - Mode S in Europe, document SUR.ET2.ST02.1000-CNP-01-00, Edition 2, Nov 1996:

(ii) Operational Hazard Assessment of Elementary and Enhanced Surveillance, Edition 1.1, EATMP Infocentre Reference: 04/04/07-01, 07.04.2004; and

(iii) Preliminary System Safety Analysis for the Controller Access Parameter service delivered by Mode S Enhanced Surveillance, Edition 1.1, EATMP Infocentre Reference: 04/04/07-02, 07.04.2004

(3) ICAO

(i) ICAO Annex 10, Volume IV, Amd. 85, Aeronautical Communications (Surveillance Radar and Collision Avoidance Systems; )

(ii) ICAO Document 9871 Edition 2;

(iii) ICAO Document 8168-OPS/611 Volume I (Procedures for Air Navigation Services); and

(iv) ICAO Document Doc 4444-RAC/501 Procedures for Air Navigation Service, Air Traffic Management.

(4) EUROCAE

(i) ED-73E Minimum Operational Performance Specification for Secondary Surveillance Radar Mode S Transponders;

(ii) ED-26 Minimum Performance Specification for Airborne Altitude Measurement and Coding Systems; and

(iii) ED-12C Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification.

(5) RTCA

DO-181E Minimum Operational Performance Specification for Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System/ Mode Select (ATCRBS/Mode S) Airborne Equipment.

(1) Airborne surveillance system description

This section describes the EHS system including transponder, interfaces, and antenna.

The following diagram represents the Mode S Transponder, and its main functional interfaces. It is to be noted that different interfaces coming from different parts of the avionics may need to be connected to the transponder to support EHS.

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><tr><td><div>EHSMode S Transponder</div></td></tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><tr><td><div>Top antenna</div></td></tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><tr><td><div>Bottom antenna</div></td></tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><tr><td><div>Mode A code interface</div></td></tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><tr><td><div>Aircraft Identification interface</div></td></tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><tr><td><div>Altitude source</div></td></tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><tr><td><div>24 bit aircraft address</div></td></tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><tr><td><div>On-the –ground status</div></td></tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><tr><td><div>IDENT (SPI) interface</div></td></tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><tr><td><div>=optional feature</div></td></tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><tr><td><div>Avionics sources</div></td></tr></table>

Figure 4: Mode S EHS transponder interfaces

(2) Registers used to support EHS capability

(i) Capability

In addition to the registers already used for ELS capability establishment, the EHS capability of the aircraft will be established using register 1716 and 1D16.

Register 1716 will indicate which other registers (e.g. 4016,5016,6016) are currently supported by the airborne surveillance system.

Ground systems could also use register 1816 to 1C16, if available, to determine which registers are installed if those register are not included in register 1716.

Register 1D16 is used to determine if Dataflash specific MSP is installed. Dataflash is an application allowing the transmission of registers to the ground only when they have changed, and, therefore, removing the need for periodic extraction of registers. Dataflash is not expected to be installed, however, some Mode S ground stations have been developed to take benefit of the dataflash application when available on aircraft.

Mode S ground stations can also use Mode S sub network version to filter old systems not correctly supporting EHS.

(ii) Basic Data

Example of a basic list of registers and parameters to use to support the declaration of registers and parameters supported by an EHS installation is provided in Table 2 below.

Table 2 - Example of basic list of EHS registers and parameters

<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="567"><thead><tr><td valign="top" width="60">Register number</td><td valign="top" width="117">Assignment</td><td valign="top" width="142">Capability reporting in register 1816 to 1C16</td><td valign="top" width="203">parameters</td><td valign="top" width="46">EHS req</td></tr></thead><tr><td rowspan="5" valign="top" width="60">4016</td><td rowspan="5" valign="top" width="117">Selected vertical intention</td><td rowspan="5" valign="top" width="142">Reg. 1916 Bit 49</td><td valign="top" width="203">MCP/FCU Selected Altitude</td><td valign="top" width="46">Yes</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="203">FMS Selected Altitude</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="203">Barometric Pressure Setting</td><td valign="top" width="46">Yes</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="203">MCP/FCU Mode bits</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="203">Target altitude source bits</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5" valign="top" width="60">5016</td><td rowspan="5" valign="top" width="117">Track and turn report</td><td rowspan="5" valign="top" width="142">Reg. 1916 Bit 33</td><td valign="top" width="203">Roll Angle</td><td valign="top" width="46">Yes</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="203">True Track angle</td><td valign="top" width="46">Yes</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="203">Ground speed</td><td valign="top" width="46">Yes</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="203">Track Angle Rate</td><td valign="top" width="46">Yes</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="203">True Airspeed</td><td valign="top" width="46">Yes</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5" valign="top" width="60">6016</td><td rowspan="5" valign="top" width="117">Heading and speed report</td><td rowspan="5" valign="top" width="142">Reg. 1916 Bit 17</td><td valign="top" width="203">Magnetic Heading</td><td valign="top" width="46">Yes</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="203">Indicated Airspeed</td><td valign="top" width="46">Yes</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="203">Mach</td><td valign="top" width="46">Yes</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="203">Barometric Altitude Rate</td><td valign="top" width="46">Yes</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="203">Inertial Vertical Velocity</td><td valign="top" width="46">Yes</td></tr></table>

(3) Other data

Mode S ground stations can extract other data when available. It is, therefore, important that all data provided are verified.

The Table 3 provides more data to facilitate the declaration of other registers and parameters which may be supported and which may need to be added to the basic list provided above.

Table 3 - Example of extended list of Transponder registers and supported parameters

<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="567"><thead><tr><td valign="top" width="61">Register number</td><td valign="top" width="115">Assignment</td><td valign="top" width="142">Capability reporting in register 1816 to 1C16</td><td valign="top" width="203">parameters</td><td valign="top" width="46">EHS req</td></tr></thead><tr><td rowspan="4" valign="top" width="61">0B16</td><td rowspan="4" valign="top" width="115">Air/air information 1 (aircraft state)</td><td rowspan="4" valign="top" width="142">Reg. 1816 Bit 46</td><td valign="top" width="203">True Air Speed</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="203">heading</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="203">True track angle</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="203">Ground speed</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5" valign="top" width="61">0C16</td><td rowspan="5" valign="top" width="115">Air/air information 2 (aircraft intent)</td><td rowspan="5" valign="top" width="142">Reg. 1816 Bit 45</td><td valign="top" width="203">Level Off Altitude</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="203">Next Course</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="203">Time to Next Waypoint</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="203">Vertical Velocity</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="203">Roll Angle</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" valign="top" width="61">2116</td><td rowspan="2" valign="top" width="115">Aircraft and airline registration markings</td><td rowspan="2" valign="top" width="142">Reg. 1816 Bit 24</td><td valign="top" width="203">Aircraft registration number</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="203">ICAO airline registration marking</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="61">2216</td><td valign="top" width="115">Antenna positions</td><td valign="top" width="142">Reg. 1816 Bit 23</td><td valign="top" width="203"></td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="61">2516</td><td valign="top" width="115">Aircraft type</td><td valign="top" width="142">Reg. 1816 Bit 20</td><td valign="top" width="203"></td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="61">4116</td><td valign="top" width="115">Next waypoint identifier</td><td valign="top" width="142">Reg. 1916 Bit 48</td><td valign="top" width="203">-</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3" valign="top" width="61">4216</td><td rowspan="3" valign="top" width="115">Next waypoint position</td><td rowspan="3" valign="top" width="142">Reg. 1916 Bit 47</td><td valign="top" width="203">Waypoint latitude</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="203">Waypoint Longitude</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="203">Waypoint Crossing Altitude</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3" valign="top" width="61">4316</td><td rowspan="3" valign="top" width="115">Next waypoint information</td><td rowspan="3" valign="top" width="142">Reg. 1916 Bit 46</td><td valign="top" width="203">Bearing to waypoint</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="203">Time To Go</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="203">Distance To Go</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4" valign="top" width="61">4416</td><td rowspan="4" valign="top" width="115">Meteorological routine air report</td><td rowspan="4" valign="top" width="142">Reg. 1916 Bit 45</td><td valign="top" width="203">Wind Speed and Direction</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="203">Average Static Pressure</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="203">Turbulence</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="203">Humidity</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="8" valign="top" width="61">4516</td><td rowspan="8" valign="top" width="115">Meteorological hazard report</td><td rowspan="8" valign="top" width="142">Reg. 1916 Bit 44</td><td valign="top" width="203">Turbulence</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="203">Wind Shear</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="203">Microburst</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="203">Icing</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="203">Wake vortex</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="203">Static Air temperature</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="203">Average Static Pressure</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="203">Radio Height</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3" valign="top" width="61">4816</td><td rowspan="3" valign="top" width="115">VHF channel report</td><td rowspan="3" valign="top" width="142">Reg. 1916 Bit 41</td><td valign="top" width="203">VHF1</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="203">VHF2</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="203">VHF3</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="61">5116</td><td valign="top" width="115">Position report coarse</td><td valign="top" width="142">Reg. 1916 Bit 32</td><td valign="top" width="203">Latitude and Longitude and Pressure altitude</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="61">5216</td><td valign="top" width="115">Position report fine</td><td valign="top" width="142">Reg. 1916 Bit 31</td><td valign="top" width="203">Latitude fine and Longitude Fine and Pressure altitude or GNSS Height</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5" valign="top" width="61">5316</td><td rowspan="5" valign="top" width="115">Air-referenced state vector</td><td rowspan="5" valign="top" width="142">Reg. 1916 Bit 30</td><td valign="top" width="203">Magnetic Heading</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="203">Indicated Airspeed</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="203">Mach Number</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="203">True Airspeed</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="203">Altitude Rate</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="61">5416</td><td valign="top" width="115">Waypoint 1</td><td valign="top" width="142">Reg. 1916 Bit 29</td><td valign="top" width="203">-</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="61">5516</td><td valign="top" width="115">Waypoint 2</td><td valign="top" width="142">Reg. 1916 Bit 28</td><td valign="top" width="203">-</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="61">5616</td><td valign="top" width="115">Waypoint 3</td><td valign="top" width="142">Reg. 1916 Bit 17</td><td valign="top" width="203">-</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="61">E316</td><td valign="top" width="115">Transponder type/part number</td><td valign="top" width="142">Reg. 1C16 Bit 54</td><td valign="top" width="203">-</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="61">E416</td><td valign="top" width="115">Transponder software revision number</td><td valign="top" width="142">Reg. 1C16 Bit 53</td><td valign="top" width="203">-</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="61">E516</td><td valign="top" width="115">ACAS unit part number</td><td valign="top" width="142">Reg. 1C16 Bit 52</td><td valign="top" width="203">-</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="61">E616</td><td valign="top" width="115">ACAS unit software revision number</td><td valign="top" width="142">Reg. 1C16 Bit 51</td><td valign="top" width="203">-</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="61">F116</td><td valign="top" width="115">Military applications</td><td valign="top" width="142">Reg. 1C16 Bit 40</td><td valign="top" width="203">-</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="61">F216</td><td valign="top" width="115">Military applications</td><td valign="top" width="142">Reg. 1C16 Bit 39</td><td valign="top" width="203">-</td><td valign="top" width="46">No</td></tr></table>

Note 1: When different fields are defined with their own status, each field will be listed in the table. In this case, it is possible to indicate the provision of the associated parameter by checking the value of the associated status bit.

Note 2: For more information about the content of the registers see Doc 9871 Edition 2 or above.

Note 3: It is recommended to provide registers E316, E416, E516 and E616.

(d) Existing installed transponders

A number of service bulletins have been issued to rectify some observed deficiencies and have already been addressed by the equipment manufacturers Therefore, the installed transponders should have all published corrective transponder equipment service bulletins (SB) relating to the correct operation of the elementary functionality embodied.

[Issue: CS-ACNS/4]