GM6 ORO.FC.115 Crew resource management (CRM) training

• ED Decision 2015/022/R found in: Air Operations (965/2012) Part-ARO Part-ORO Part-CAT Part-SPA Part-NCC Part-NCO Part-SPO (Sep 2023)

GM6 ORO.FC.115 Crew resource management (CRM) training ED Decision 2015/022/R NON-TECHNICAL SKILLS ASSESSMENT (a) NOTECHS (non-technical skills) is a validated method for assessing flight crew CRM skills. The NOTECHS framework consists of four main categories: (1) Cooperation: Cooperation is the ability to work effectively in a crew. (2) Leadership and managerial skills: Effective leadership and managerial skills help to achieve joint task completion within a motivated, fully functioning team through coordination and persuasiveness. (3) Situation awareness: Situation awareness relates to one’s ability to accurately perceive what is in the flight crew compartment and outside the aircraft. It is also one’s ability to comprehend the meaning of different elements in the environment and the projection of their status in the near future. (4) Decision-making: Decision-making is the process of reaching a judgement or choosing an option. (b) Each of the four categories is subdivided into elements and behavioural markers. The elements are specified in Table 1 with examples of behavioural markers (effective behaviour). The behavioural markers are assessed by a rating scale to be established by the operator. Table 1 — Categories, elements and behavioural markers of NOTECHS <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="604"><tr><td valign="top" width="105"><p><b>Category</b></p></td><td valign="top" width="192"><p><b>Element</b></p></td><td valign="top" width="307"><p><b>Behavioural marker (examples)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4" valign="top" width="105"><p>Cooperation</p></td><td valign="top" width="192"><p>Team building and maintaining </p></td><td valign="top" width="307"><p>Establishes atmosphere for open communication and participation</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="192"><p>Considering others </p></td><td valign="top" width="307"><p>Takes condition of other crew members into account</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="192"><p>Supporting others </p></td><td valign="top" width="307"><p>Helps other crew members in demanding situations</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="192"><p>Conflict solving</p></td><td valign="top" width="307"><p>Concentrates on what is right rather than who is right</p></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4" valign="top" width="105"><p>Leadership and managerial skills</p></td><td valign="top" width="192"><p>Use of authority and assertiveness</p></td><td valign="top" width="307"><p>Takes initiative to ensure crew involvement and task completion</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="192"><p>Maintaining standards</p></td><td valign="top" width="307"><p>Intervenes if task completion deviates from standards</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="192"><p>Planning and coordination </p></td><td valign="top" width="307"><p>Clearly states intentions and goals</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="192"><p>Workload management </p></td><td valign="top" width="307"><p>Allocates adequate time to complete tasks </p></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3" valign="top" width="105"><p>Situation awareness</p></td><td valign="top" width="192"><p>Awareness of aircraft systems </p></td><td valign="top" width="307"><p>Monitors and reports changes in systems’ states</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="192"><p>Awareness of external environment</p></td><td valign="top" width="307"><p>Collects information about environment (position, weather and traffic)</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="192"><p>Anticipation</p></td><td valign="top" width="307"><p>Identifies possible future problems </p></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5" valign="top" width="105"><p>Decision-making</p></td><td valign="top" width="192"><p>Problem definition and diagnosis </p></td><td valign="top" width="307"><p>Reviews causal factors with other crew members</p></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" valign="top" width="192"><p>Option generation </p></td><td valign="top" width="307"><p>States alternative courses of action</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="307"><p>Asks other crew members for options</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="192"><p>Risk assessment and option selection </p></td><td valign="top" width="307"><p>Considers and shares estimated risk of alternative courses of action</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="192"><p>Outcome review </p></td><td valign="top" width="307"><p>Checks outcome against plan </p></td></tr></table> GM6 ORO.FC.115 Crew resource management (CRM) training ED Decision 2015/022/R NON-TECHNICAL SKILLS ASSESSMENT (a) NOTECHS (non-technical skills) is a validated method for assessing flight crew CRM skills. The NOTECHS framework consists of four main categories: (1) Cooperation: Cooperation is the ability to work effectively in a crew. (2) Leadership and managerial skills: Effective leadership and managerial skills help to achieve joint task completion within a motivated, fully functioning team through coordination and persuasiveness. (3) Situation awareness: Situation awareness relates to one’s ability to accurately perceive what is in the flight crew compartment and outside the aircraft. It is also one’s ability to comprehend the meaning of different elements in the environment and the projection of their status in the near future. (4) Decision-making: Decision-making is the process of reaching a judgement or choosing an option. (b) Each of the four categories is subdivided into elements and behavioural markers. The elements are specified in Table 1 with examples of behavioural markers (effective behaviour). The behavioural markers are assessed by a rating scale to be established by the operator. Table 1 — Categories, elements and behavioural markers of NOTECHS <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="604"><tr><td valign="top" width="105"><p><b>Category</b></p></td><td valign="top" width="192"><p><b>Element</b></p></td><td valign="top" width="307"><p><b>Behavioural marker (examples)</b></p></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4" valign="top" width="105"><p>Cooperation</p></td><td valign="top" width="192"><p>Team building and maintaining </p></td><td valign="top" width="307"><p>Establishes atmosphere for open communication and participation</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="192"><p>Considering others </p></td><td valign="top" width="307"><p>Takes condition of other crew members into account</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="192"><p>Supporting others </p></td><td valign="top" width="307"><p>Helps other crew members in demanding situations</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="192"><p>Conflict solving</p></td><td valign="top" width="307"><p>Concentrates on what is right rather than who is right</p></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4" valign="top" width="105"><p>Leadership and managerial skills</p></td><td valign="top" width="192"><p>Use of authority and assertiveness</p></td><td valign="top" width="307"><p>Takes initiative to ensure crew involvement and task completion</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="192"><p>Maintaining standards</p></td><td valign="top" width="307"><p>Intervenes if task completion deviates from standards</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="192"><p>Planning and coordination </p></td><td valign="top" width="307"><p>Clearly states intentions and goals</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="192"><p>Workload management </p></td><td valign="top" width="307"><p>Allocates adequate time to complete tasks </p></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3" valign="top" width="105"><p>Situation awareness</p></td><td valign="top" width="192"><p>Awareness of aircraft systems </p></td><td valign="top" width="307"><p>Monitors and reports changes in systems’ states</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="192"><p>Awareness of external environment</p></td><td valign="top" width="307"><p>Collects information about environment (position, weather and traffic)</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="192"><p>Anticipation</p></td><td valign="top" width="307"><p>Identifies possible future problems </p></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5" valign="top" width="105"><p>Decision-making</p></td><td valign="top" width="192"><p>Problem definition and diagnosis </p></td><td valign="top" width="307"><p>Reviews causal factors with other crew members</p></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" valign="top" width="192"><p>Option generation </p></td><td valign="top" width="307"><p>States alternative courses of action</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="307"><p>Asks other crew members for options</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="192"><p>Risk assessment and option selection </p></td><td valign="top" width="307"><p>Considers and shares estimated risk of alternative courses of action</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="192"><p>Outcome review </p></td><td valign="top" width="307"><p>Checks outcome against plan </p></td></tr></table> ##### GM6 ORO.FC.115 Crew resource management (CRM) training *ED Decision 2015/022/R* **NON-TECHNICAL SKILLS ASSESSMENT** (a) NOTECHS (non-technical skills) is a validated method for assessing flight crew CRM skills. The NOTECHS framework consists of four main categories: (1) Cooperation: Cooperation is the ability to work effectively in a crew. (2) Leadership and managerial skills: Effective leadership and managerial skills help to achieve joint task completion within a motivated, fully functioning team through coordination and persuasiveness. (3) Situation awareness: Situation awareness relates to one’s ability to accurately perceive what is in the flight crew compartment and outside the aircraft. It is also one’s ability to comprehend the meaning of different elements in the environment and the projection of their status in the near future. (4) Decision-making: Decision-making is the process of reaching a judgement or choosing an option. (b) Each of the four categories is subdivided into elements and behavioural markers. The elements are specified in Table 1 with examples of behavioural markers (effective behaviour). The behavioural markers are assessed by a rating scale to be established by the operator. ***Table 1 — Categories, elements and behavioural markers of NOTECHS*** <table bgcolor="#d9d9d9" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0"> <col/> <col/> <col/> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#808080"><p align="left"> <b>Category</b></p> </td> <td bgcolor="#808080"><p align="left"> <b>Element</b></p> </td> <td bgcolor="#808080"><p align="left"> <b>Behavioural marker (examples)</b></p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" rowspan="4"><p align="left"> Cooperation</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> Team building and maintaining </p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> Establishes atmosphere for open communication and participation</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> Considering others </p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> Takes condition of other crew members into account</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> Supporting others </p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> Helps other crew members in demanding situations</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"><a name="_Toc508011930"></a> Conflict solving</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> Concentrates on what is right rather than who is right</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" rowspan="4"><p align="left"> Leadership and managerial skills</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> Use of authority and assertiveness</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> Takes initiative to ensure crew involvement and task completion</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> Maintaining standards</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> Intervenes if task completion deviates from standards</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> Planning and coordination </p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> Clearly states intentions and goals</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> Workload management </p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> Allocates adequate time to complete tasks </p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" rowspan="3"><p align="left"> Situation awareness</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> Awareness of aircraft systems </p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> Monitors and reports changes in systems’ states</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> Awareness of external environment</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> Collects information about environment (position, weather and traffic)</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> Anticipation</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> Identifies possible future problems </p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" rowspan="5"><p align="left"> Decision-making</p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> Problem definition and diagnosis </p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> Reviews causal factors with other crew members</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9" rowspan="2"><p align="left"> Option generation </p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> States alternative courses of action</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> Asks other crew members for options</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> Risk assessment and option selection </p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> Considers and shares estimated risk of alternative courses of action</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> Outcome review </p> </td> <td bgcolor="#d9d9d9"><p align="left"> Checks outcome against plan </p> </td> </tr> </table>