CS 27.865 External loads

• ED Decision 2018/007/R found in: CS-27 Amdt 10 - Small Rotorcraft (Feb 2023)

CS 27.865 External loads ED Decision 2018/007/R (a) It must be shown by analysis, test, or both, that the rotorcraft external-load attaching means for rotorcraft-load combinations to be used for non-human external cargo applications can withstand a limit static load equal to 2.5, or some lower load factor approved under [CS 27.337](#_DxCrossRefBm8893833) through [27.341](#_DxCrossRefBm8893836), multiplied by the maximum external load for which authorisation is requested. It must be shown by analysis, test, or both that the rotorcraft external-load attaching means and any complex personnel-carrying device system for rotorcraft-load combinations to be used for human external cargo applications can withstand a limit static load equal to 3.5 or some lower load factor, not less than 2.5, approved under [CS 27.337](#_DxCrossRefBm8893833) through [27.341](#_DxCrossRefBm8893836), multiplied by the maximum external load for which authorisation is requested. The load for any rotorcraft-load combination class, for any external cargo type, must be applied in the vertical direction. For jettisonable rotorcraft-load combinations, for any applicable external cargo type, the load must also be applied in any direction making the maximum angle with the vertical that can be achieved in service but not less than 30°. However, the 30° angle may be reduced to a lesser angle if: (1) An operating limitation is established limiting external load operations to those angles for which compliance with this paragraph has been shown; or (2) It is shown that the lesser angle can not be exceeded in service. (b) The external-load attaching means, for jettisonable rotorcraft-load combinations, must include a quick-release system (QRS) to enable the pilot to release the external load quickly during flight. The QRS must consist of a primary quick-release subsystem and a backup quick-release subsystem that are isolated from one another. The QRS, and the means by which it is controlled, must comply with the following: (1) A control for the primary quick-release subsystem must be installed either on one of the pilot's primary controls or in an equivalently accessible location and must be designed and located so that it may be operated by either the pilot or a crew member without hazardously limiting the ability to control the rotorcraft during an emergency situation. (2) A control for the backup quick-release subsystem, readily accessible to either the pilot or another crew member, must be provided. (3) Both the primary and backup quick-release subsystems must: (i) Be reliable, durable, and function properly with all external loads up to and including the maximum external limit load for which authorisation is requested. (ii) Be protected against electromagnetic interference (EMI) from external and internal sources and against lightning to prevent inadvertent load release. (A) The minimum level of protection required for jettisonable rotorcraft-load combinations used for non-human external cargo is a radio frequency field strength of 20 volts per metre. (B) The minimum level of protection required for jettisonable rotorcraft-load combinations used for human external cargo is a radio frequency field strength of 200 volts per metre. (iii) Be protected against any failure that could be induced by a failure mode of any other electrical or mechanical rotorcraft system. (c) For rotorcraft-load combinations to be used for human external cargo applications, the rotorcraft must: (1) For jettisonable external loads, have a QRS that meets the requirements of sub-paragraph (b) and that: (i) Provides a dual actuation device for the primary quick-release subsystem, and (ii) Provides a separate dual actuation device for the backup quick-release subsystem. (2) Enable the safe utilisation of complex personnel-carrying device systems to transport occupants external to the helicopter or to restrain occupants inside the cabin. A personnel-carrying device system is considered complex if: (i) it does not meet a European Norm (EN) standard under Directive 89/686/EEC[[9]](#_ftn9) or Regulation (EU) 2016/425[[10]](#_ftn10), as applicable, or subsequent revision; (ii) it is designed to restrain more than a single person (e.g. a hoist or cargo hook operator, photographer, etc.) inside the cabin, or to restrain more than two persons outside the cabin; or (iii) it is a rigid structure such as a cage, a platform or a basket. Complex personnel-carrying device systems shall be reliable and have the structural capability and personnel safety features essential for external occupant safety through compliance with the specific requirements of CS 27.865, CS 27.571 and other relevant requirements of CS-27 for the proposed operating envelope. (3) Have placards and markings at all appropriate locations that clearly state the essential system operating instructions and, for complex personnel-carrying device systems, ingress and egress instructions. (4) Have equipment to allow direct intercommunication among required crew members and external occupants. (5) Have the appropriate limitations and procedures incorporated in the flight manual for conducting human external cargo operations. (6) For human external cargo applications requiring use of Category A rotorcraft, have one-engine-inoperative hover performance data and procedures in the flight manual for the weights, altitudes, and temperatures for which external load approval is requested. (d) The critically configured jettisonable external loads must be shown by a combination of analysis, ground tests, and flight tests to be both transportable and releasable throughout the approved operational envelope without hazard to the rotorcraft during normal flight conditions. In addition, these external loads must be shown to be releasable without hazard to the rotorcraft during emergency flight conditions. (e) A placard or marking must be installed next to the external-load attaching means stating the maximum authorised external load as demonstrated under [CS 27.25](#_DxCrossRefBm8893783) and this paragraph. (f) The fatigue evaluation of [CS 27.571](#_DxCrossRefBm8893884) does not apply rotorcraft-load combinations to be used for non-human external cargo except for the failure of critical structural elements that would result in a hazard to the rotorcraft. For rotorcraft-load combinations to be used for human external cargo, the fatigue evaluation of [CS 27.571](#_DxCrossRefBm8893884) applies to the entire quick-release and complex personnel-carrying device structural systems and their attachments. [Amdt No: 27/3] [Amdt No: 27/5] --- [[9]](#_ftnref9) Council Directive 89/686/EEC of 21 December 1989 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to personal protective equipment (OJ L 399, 30.12.1989, p. 18). [[10]](#_ftnref10) Regulation (EU) 2016/425 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2016 on personal protective equipment and repealing Council Directive 89/686/EEC (OJ L 81, 31.3.2016, p. 51). CS 27.865 External loads ED Decision 2018/007/R (a) It must be shown by analysis, test, or both, that the rotorcraft external-load attaching means for rotorcraft-load combinations to be used for non-human external cargo applications can withstand a limit static load equal to 2.5, or some lower load factor approved under [CS 27.337](#_DxCrossRefBm472493268) through [27.341](#_DxCrossRefBm472493270), multiplied by the maximum external load for which authorisation is requested. It must be shown by analysis, test, or both that the rotorcraft external-load attaching means and any complex personnel-carrying device system for rotorcraft-load combinations to be used for human external cargo applications can withstand a limit static load equal to 3.5 or some lower load factor, not less than 2.5, approved under [CS 27.337](#_DxCrossRefBm472493268) through [27.341](#_DxCrossRefBm472493270), multiplied by the maximum external load for which authorisation is requested. The load for any rotorcraft-load combination class, for any external cargo type, must be applied in the vertical direction. For jettisonable rotorcraft-load combinations, for any applicable external cargo type, the load must also be applied in any direction making the maximum angle with the vertical that can be achieved in service but not less than 30°. However, the 30° angle may be reduced to a lesser angle if: (1) An operating limitation is established limiting external load operations to those angles for which compliance with this paragraph has been shown; or (2) It is shown that the lesser angle can not be exceeded in service. (b) The external-load attaching means, for jettisonable rotorcraft-load combinations, must include a quick-release system (QRS) to enable the pilot to release the external load quickly during flight. The QRS must consist of a primary quick-release subsystem and a backup quick-release subsystem that are isolated from one another. The QRS, and the means by which it is controlled, must comply with the following: (1) A control for the primary quick-release subsystem must be installed either on one of the pilot's primary controls or in an equivalently accessible location and must be designed and located so that it may be operated by either the pilot or a crew member without hazardously limiting the ability to control the rotorcraft during an emergency situation. (2) A control for the backup quick-release subsystem, readily accessible to either the pilot or another crew member, must be provided. (3) Both the primary and backup quick-release subsystems must: (i) Be reliable, durable, and function properly with all external loads up to and including the maximum external limit load for which authorisation is requested. (ii) Be protected against electromagnetic interference (EMI) from external and internal sources and against lightning to prevent inadvertent load release. (A) The minimum level of protection required for jettisonable rotorcraft-load combinations used for non-human external cargo is a radio frequency field strength of 20 volts per metre. (B) The minimum level of protection required for jettisonable rotorcraft-load combinations used for human external cargo is a radio frequency field strength of 200 volts per metre. (iii) Be protected against any failure that could be induced by a failure mode of any other electrical or mechanical rotorcraft system. (c) For rotorcraft-load combinations to be used for human external cargo applications, the rotorcraft must: (1) For jettisonable external loads, have a QRS that meets the requirements of sub-paragraph (b) and that: (i) Provides a dual actuation device for the primary quick-release subsystem, and (ii) Provides a separate dual actuation device for the backup quick-release subsystem. (2) Enable the safe utilisation of complex personnel-carrying device systems to transport occupants external to the helicopter or to restrain occupants inside the cabin. A personnel-carrying device system is considered complex if: (i) it does not meet a European Norm (EN) standard under Directive 89/686/EEC[[9]](#_ftn9) or Regulation (EU) 2016/425[[10]](#_ftn10), as applicable, or subsequent revision; (ii) it is designed to restrain more than a single person (e.g. a hoist or cargo hook operator, photographer, etc.) inside the cabin, or to restrain more than two persons outside the cabin; or (iii) it is a rigid structure such as a cage, a platform or a basket. Complex personnel-carrying device systems shall be reliable and have the structural capability and personnel safety features essential for external occupant safety through compliance with the specific requirements of CS 27.865, CS 27.571 and other relevant requirements of CS-27 for the proposed operating envelope. (3) Have placards and markings at all appropriate locations that clearly state the essential system operating instructions and, for complex personnel-carrying device systems, ingress and egress instructions. (4) Have equipment to allow direct intercommunication among required crew members and external occupants. (5) Have the appropriate limitations and procedures incorporated in the flight manual for conducting human external cargo operations. (6) For human external cargo applications requiring use of Category A rotorcraft, have one-engine-inoperative hover performance data and procedures in the flight manual for the weights, altitudes, and temperatures for which external load approval is requested. (d) The critically configured jettisonable external loads must be shown by a combination of analysis, ground tests, and flight tests to be both transportable and releasable throughout the approved operational envelope without hazard to the rotorcraft during normal flight conditions. In addition, these external loads must be shown to be releasable without hazard to the rotorcraft during emergency flight conditions. (e) A placard or marking must be installed next to the external-load attaching means stating the maximum authorised external load as demonstrated under [CS 27.25](#_DxCrossRefBm472493225) and this paragraph. (f) The fatigue evaluation of [CS 27.571](#_DxCrossRefBm472493315) does not apply rotorcraft-load combinations to be used for non-human external cargo except for the failure of critical structural elements that would result in a hazard to the rotorcraft. For rotorcraft-load combinations to be used for human external cargo, the fatigue evaluation of [CS 27.571](#_DxCrossRefBm472493315) applies to the entire quick-release and complex personnel-carrying device structural systems and their attachments. [Amdt No: 27/3] [Amdt No: 27/5] --- [[9]](#_ftnref9) Council Directive 89/686/EEC of 21 December 1989 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to personal protective equipment (OJ L 399, 30.12.1989, p. 18). [[10]](#_ftnref10) Regulation (EU) 2016/425 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2016 on personal protective equipment and repealing Council Directive 89/686/EEC (OJ L 81, 31.3.2016, p. 51).