Appendix 6 - Modular training courses for the IR

• Regulation (EU) 2021/2227 found in: Aircrew (1178/2011) Part-FCL Part-MED Part-CC Part-ARA Part-ORA Part-DTO (Dec 2024)

Appendix 6 – Modular training courses for the IR Regulation (EU) 2021/2227 A.          IR(A) — Modular flying training course GENERAL 1.       The aim of the IR(A) modular flying training course is to train pilots to the level of proficiency necessary to operate aeroplanes under IFR and in IMC. The course consists of two modules, which may be taken separately or combined: (a)      Basic Instrument Flight Module This comprises 10 hours of instrument time under instruction, of which up to 5 hours can be instrument ground time in a BITD, FNPT I or II, or an FFS. Upon completion of the Basic Instrument Flight Module, the candidate shall be issued a Course Completion Certificate. (b)     Procedural Instrument Flight Module This comprises the remainder of the training syllabus for the IR(A), 40 hours single-engine or 45 hours multi-engine instrument time under instruction, and the theoretical knowledge course for the IR(A). 2.       Applicants for a modular IR(A) course shall be the holder of a PPL(A) or a CPL(A). Applicants for the Procedural Instrument Flight Module, who do not hold a CPL(A), shall be a holder of a BIR or of a Course Completion Certificate for the Basic Instrument Flight Module. The ATO shall ensure that the applicant for a multi-engine IR(A) course who has not held a multi‑engine aeroplane class or type rating has received the multi-engine training specified in Subpart H prior to commencing the flight training for the IR(A) course. 3.       An applicant wishing to undertake the Procedural Instrument Flight Module of a modular IR(A) course shall be required to complete all the instructional stages in one continuous approved course of training. Prior to commencing the Procedural Instrument Flight Module, the ATO shall ensure the competence of the applicant in basic instrument flying skills. Refresher training shall be given as required. 4.       The course of theoretical instruction shall be completed within 18 months. The Procedural Instrument Flight Module and the skill test shall be completed within the period of validity of the pass in theoretical examinations. 5.       The course shall comprise: (a)      theoretical knowledge instruction to the IR knowledge level; (b)     instrument flight instruction. THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE 6.       An approved modular IR(A) course shall comprise at least 150 hours of theoretical knowledge instruction. FLYING TRAINING 7.       A single-engine IR(A) course shall comprise at least 50 hours instrument time under instruction of which up to 20 hours may be instrument ground time in an FNPT I, or up to 35 hours in an FFS or FNPT II. A maximum of 10 hours of FNPT II or an FFS instrument ground time may be conducted in an FNPT I. 8.       A multi-engine IR(A) course shall comprise at least 55 hours instrument time under instruction, of which up to 25 hours may be instrument ground time in an FNPT I, or up to 40 hours in an FFS or FNPT II. A maximum of 10 hours of FNPT II or an FFS instrument ground time may be conducted in an FNPT I. The remaining instrument flight instruction shall include at least 15 hours in multi-engine aeroplanes. 9.       The holder of a single-engine IR(A) who also holds a multi-engine class or type rating wishing to obtain a multi-engine IR(A) for the first time shall complete a course at an ATO comprising at least 5 hours instruction in instrument flying in multi-engine aeroplanes, of which 3 hours may be in an FFS or FNPT II. 10.1   Holders of a CPL(A), of a BIR, or of a Course Completion Certificate for the Basic Instrument Flight Module shall be credited with up to 10 hours in regard of the total amount of training required in paragraphs 7 or 8 above. 10.2   The holder of an IR(H) may have the total amount of training required in paragraphs 7 or 8 above reduced to 10 hours. 10.3   The total instrument flight instruction in aeroplane shall comply with paragraph 7 or 8, as appropriate. 11.     The flying exercises up to the IR(A) skill test shall comprise: (a)      Basic Instrument Flight Module: Procedure and manoeuvre for basic instrument flight covering at least: basic instrument flight without external visual cues: — horizontal flight, — climbing, — descent, — turns in level flight, climbing, descent; instrument pattern; steep turn; radio navigation; recovery from unusual attitudes; limited panel; recognition and recovery from incipient and full stalls; (b)     Procedural Instrument Flight Module: (i)      pre-flight procedures for IFR flights, including the use of the flight manual and appropriate air traffic services documents in the preparation of an IFR flight plan; (ii)     procedure and manoeuvres for IFR operation under normal, abnormal and emergency conditions covering at least: — transition from visual to instrument flight on take-off, — standard instrument departures and arrivals, — en-route IFR procedures, — holding procedures, — instrument approaches to specified minima, — missed approach procedures, — landings from instrument approaches, including circling; (iii)     in-flight manoeuvres and particular flight characteristics; (iv)     if required, operation of a multi-engine aeroplane in the above exercises, including operation of the aeroplane solely by reference to instruments with one engine simulated inoperative and engine shutdown and restart (the latter exercise to be carried out at a safe altitude unless carried out in an FFS or FNPT II). Aa.       IR(A) — Competency-based modular flying training course GENERAL 1.       The aim of the competency-based modular flying training course is to train PPL or CPL holders for the instrument rating, taking into account prior instrument flight instruction and experience. It is designed to provide the level of proficiency needed to operate aeroplanes under IFR and in IMC. The course shall be taken within an ATO or consist of a combination of instrument flight instruction provided by an IRI(A) or an FI(A) holding the privilege to provide training for the IR and flight instruction within an ATO. 2.       An applicant for such a competency-based modular IR(A) shall be the holder of a PPL(A) or CPL(A). 3.       The course of theoretical instruction shall be completed within 18 months. The instrument flight instruction and the skill test shall be completed within the period of validity of the pass of the theoretical knowledge examinations. 4.       The course shall comprise: (a)      theoretical knowledge instruction to the IR(A) knowledge level; (b)     instrument flight instruction. THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE 5.       An approved competency-based modular IR(A) course shall comprise at least 80 hours of theoretical knowledge instruction. The theoretical knowledge course may contain computer-based training and e- learning elements. A minimum amount of classroom teaching as required by ORA.ATO.305 has to be provided. FLYING TRAINING 6.       The method of attaining an IR(A) following this modular course is competency-based. However, the minimum requirements below shall be completed by the applicant. Additional training may be required to reach required competencies. (a)      A single-engine competency-based modular IR(A) course shall include at least 40 hours of instrument time under instruction, of which up to 10 hours may be instrument ground time in an FNPT I, or up to 25 hours in an FFS or FNPT II. A maximum of 5 hours of FNPT II or FFS instrument ground time may be conducted in an FNPT I. (i)      When the applicant has: (A)     completed instrument flight instruction provided by an IRI(A) or an FI(A) holding the privilege to provide training for the IR; or (B)     prior experience of instrument flight time as PIC on aeroplanes, under a rating providing the privileges to fly under IFR and in IMC, these hours may be credited towards the 40 hours above up to maximum of 30 hours, (ii)     When the applicant has prior instrument flight time under instruction other than specified in point (a)(i), these hours may be credited towards the required 40 hours up to a maximum of 15 hours. (iii)     In any case, the flying training shall include at least 10 hours of instrument flight time under instruction in an aeroplane at an ATO. (iv)     The total amount of dual instrument instruction shall not be less than 25 hours. (b)     A multi-engine competency-based modular IR(A) course shall include at least 45 hours instrument time under instruction, of which up to 10 hours may be instrument ground time in an FNPT I, or up to 30 hours in an FFS or FNPT II. A maximum of 5 hours of FNPT II or FFS instrument ground time may be conducted in an FNPT I. (i)      When the applicant has: (A)     completed instrument flight instruction provided by an IRI(A) or an FI(A) holding the privilege to provide training for the IR; or (B)     prior experience of instrument flight time as PIC on aeroplanes, under a rating giving the privileges to fly under IFR and in IMC these hours may be credited towards the 45 hours above up to a maximum of 35 hours. (ii)     When the applicant has prior instrument flight time under instruction other than specified in point (b)(i), these hours may be credited towards the required 45 hours up to a maximum of 15 hours. (iii)     In any case, the flying training shall include at least 10 hours of instrument flight time under instruction in a multi-engine aeroplane at an ATO. (iv)     The total amount of dual instrument instruction shall not be less than 25 hours, of which at least 15 hours shall be completed in a multi-engine aeroplane. (c)      To determine the amount of hours credited and to establish the training needs, the applicant shall complete a pre-entry assessment at an ATO. (d)     The completion of the instrument flight instruction provided by an IRI(A) or FI(A) in accordance with point (a)(i) or (b)(i) shall be documented in a specific training record and signed by the instructor. 7.       The flight instruction for the competency-based modular IR(A) shall comprise: (a)      procedures and manoeuvres for basic instrument flight covering at least: (i)      basic instrument flight without external visual cues; (ii)     horizontal flight; (iii)     climbing; (iv)     descent; (v)      turns in level flight, climbing and descent; (vi)     instrument pattern; (vii)    steep turn; (viii)   radio navigation; (ix)     recovery from unusual attitudes; (x)      limited panel; and (xi)     recognition and recovery from incipient and full stall; (b)     pre-flight procedures for IFR flights, including the use of the flight manual and appropriate air traffic services documents for the preparation of an IFR flight plan; (c)      procedure and manoeuvres for IFR operation under normal, abnormal, and emergency conditions covering at least: (i)      transition from visual to instrument flight on take-off; (ii)     standard instrument departures and arrivals; (iii)     en route IFR procedures; (iv)     holding procedures; (v)      instrument approaches to specified minima; (vi)     missed approach procedures; and (vii)    landings from instrument approaches, including circling; (d)     in-flight manoeuvres and particular flight characteristics; (e)     if required, operation of a multi-engine aeroplane in the above exercises, including: (i)      operation of the aeroplane solely by reference to instruments with one engine simulated inoperative; (ii)     engine shutdown and restart (to be carried out at a safe altitude unless carried out in an FFS or FNPT II). 8.       Applicants for the competency-based modular IR(A) holding a Part-FCL PPL or CPL and a valid IR(A) issued in compliance with the requirements of Annex 1 to the Chicago Convention by a third country may be credited in full towards the training course mentioned in paragraph 4. In order to be issued the IR(A), the applicant shall: (a)      successfully complete the skill test for the IR(A) in accordance with Appendix 7; (b)     demonstrate to the examiner during the skill test that he/she has acquired an adequate level of theoretical knowledge of air law, meteorology and flight planning and performance (IR); and (c)      have a minimum experience of at least 50 hours of flight time under IFR as PIC on aeroplanes. 9.       Applicants for the competency-based modular IR(A) who hold a BIR in accordance with point [FCL.835](#_DxCrossRefBm894735369) and who have received at least 10 hours of instrument flight time under instruction at an ATO may be credited towards the training course referred to in paragraph 4, provided that all competency-based instrument rating topics have been included in that BIR training, and assessed by the ATO that provides the competency-based modular flying training course. 10.     Applicants for the competency-based modular IR(A) who hold a BIR and have experience of at least 50 hours of flight time under IFR as PIC on aeroplanes, shall: (a)      at an ATO: (i)      be assessed as having an acceptable standard of competency-based instrument rating theoretical knowledge; (ii)     receive appropriate flight training to extend IFR privileges in accordance with [FCL.605.IR(a)](#_DxCrossRefBm894735601); (b)     after completion of (a); (i)      successfully complete the skill test for the IR(A) in accordance with [Appendix 7](#_DxCrossRefBm894735609); (ii)     demonstrate orally to the examiner during the skill test that they have acquired an adequate level of theoretical knowledge of air law, meteorology, and flight planning and performance. PRE-ENTRY ASSESSMENT 11.     The content and duration of the pre-entry assessment shall be determined by the ATO based on the prior instrument experience of the applicant. MULTI-ENGINE 12.     The holder of a single-engine IR(A) who also holds a multi-engine class or type rating wishing to obtain a multi-engine IR(A) for the first time shall complete a course at an ATO comprising at least 5 hours instrument time under instruction in multi-engine aeroplanes, of which 3 hours may be in an FFS or FNPT II and shall pass a skill test. B.          IR(H) — Modular flying training course 1.       The aim of the IR(H) modular flying training course is to train pilots to the level of proficiency necessary to operate helicopters under IFR and in IMC. 2.       An applicant for a modular IR(H) course shall be the holder of a PPL(H), or a CPL(H) or an ATPL(H). Prior to commencing the aircraft instruction phase of the IR(H) course, the applicant shall be the holder of the helicopter type rating used for the IR(H) skill test, or have completed approved type rating training on that type. The applicant shall hold a certificate of satisfactory completion of MCC if the skill test is to be conducted in Multi- Pilot conditions. 3.       An applicant wishing to undertake a modular IR(H) course shall be required to complete all the instructional stages in one continuous approved course of training. 4.       The course of theoretical instruction shall be completed within 18 months. The flight instruction and the skill test shall be completed within the period of validity of the pass in the theoretical examinations. 5.       The course shall comprise: (a)      theoretical knowledge instruction to the IR knowledge level; (b)     instrument flight instruction. THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE 6.       An approved modular IR(H) course shall comprise at least 150 hours of instruction. FLYING TRAINING 7.       An IR(H) course shall comprise at least 55 hours instrument time under instruction, of which: (a)      up to 20 hours may be instrument ground time in an FNPT I (H) or (A). These 20 hours instruction time in FNPT I (H) or (A) may be substituted by 20 hours instruction time for IR(H) in an aeroplane, approved for this course; or (b)     up to 40 hours may be instrument ground time in a helicopter FTD 2/3, FNPT II/III or FFS. The instrument flight instruction shall include at least 10 hours in an IFR-certificated helicopter. 8.1     Holders of an ATPL(H) shall have the theoretical knowledge instruction hours reduced by 50 hours. 8.2     The holder of an IR(A) may have the amount of training required reduced to 10 hours. 8.3.    The holder of a PPL(H) with a helicopter night rating or a CPL(H) may have the total amount of instrument time under instruction required reduced by 5 hours. 9.       The flying exercises up to the IR(H) skill test shall comprise: (a)      pre-flight procedures for IFR flights, including the use of the flight manual and appropriate air traffic services documents in the preparation of an IFR flight plan; (b)     procedure and manoeuvres for IFR operation under normal, abnormal and emergency conditions covering at least: — transition from visual to instrument flight on take-off, — standard instrument departures and arrivals, — en-route IFR procedures, — holding procedures, — instrument approaches to specified minima, — missed approach procedures, — landings from instrument approaches, including circling; (c)      in-flight manoeuvres and particular flight characteristics; (d)     if required, operation of a multi-engine helicopter in the above exercises, including operation of the helicopter solely by reference to instruments with one engine simulated inoperative and engine shutdown and restart (the latter exercise to be carried out in an FFS or FNPT II or FTD 2/3). C.          IR(As) — Modular flying training course GENERAL 1.       The aim of the IR(As) modular flying training course is to train pilots to the level of proficiency necessary to operate airships under IFR and in IMC. The course consists of two modules, which may be taken separately or combined: (a)      Basic Instrument Flight Module This comprises 10 hours of instrument time under instruction, of which up to 5 hours can be instrument ground time in a BITD, FNPT I or II, or an FFS. Upon completion of the Basic Instrument Flight Module, the candidate shall be issued a Course Completion Certificate. (b)     Procedural Instrument Flight Module This comprises the remainder of the training syllabus for the IR(As), 25 hours instrument time under instruction, and the theoretical knowledge course for the IR(As). 2.       An applicant for a modular IR(As) course shall be the holder of a PPL(As) including the privileges to fly at night or a CPL(As). An applicant for the Procedural Instrument Flight Module, who does not hold a CPL(As), shall be holder of a Course Completion Certificate for the Basic Instrument Flight Module. 3.       An applicant wishing to undertake the Procedural Instrument Flight Module of a modular IR(As) course shall be required to complete all the instructional stages in one continuous approved course of training. Prior to commencing the Procedural Instrument Flight Module, the ATO shall ensure the competence of the applicant in basic instrument flying skills. Refresher training shall be given as required. 4.       The course of theoretical instruction shall be completed within 18 months. The Procedural Instrument Flight Module and the skill test shall be completed within the period of validity of the pass in theoretical examinations. 5.       The course shall comprise: (a)      theoretical knowledge instruction to the IR knowledge level; (b)     instrument flight instruction. THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE 6.       An approved modular IR(As) course shall comprise at least 150 hours of theoretical knowledge instruction. FLYING TRAINING 7.       An IR(As) course shall comprise at least 35 hours instrument time under instruction of which up to 15 hours may be instrument ground time in an FNPT I, or up to 20 hours in an FFS or FNPT II. A maximum of 5 hours of FNPT II or FFS instrument ground time may be conducted in an FNPT I. 8.       The holder of a CPL(As) or of a Course Completion Certificate for the Basic Instrument Flight Module may have the total amount of training required in paragraph 7 reduced by 10 hours. The total instrument flight instruction in airship shall comply with paragraph 7. 9.       If the applicant is the holder of an IR in another category of aircraft the total amount of flight instruction required may be reduced to 10 hours on airships. 10.     The flying exercises up to the IR(As) skill test shall comprise: (a)      Basic Instrument Flight Module: Procedure and manoeuvre for basic instrument flight covering at least: basic instrument flight without external visual cues: — horizontal flight, — climbing, — descent, — turns in level flight, climbing, descent; instrument pattern; radionavigation; recovery from unusual attitudes; limited panel; (b)     Procedural Instrument Flight Module: (i)      pre-flight procedures for IFR flights, including the use of the flight manual and appropriate air traffic services documents in the preparation of an IFR flight plan; (ii)     procedure and manoeuvres for IFR operation under normal, abnormal and emergency conditions covering at least: — transition from visual to instrument flight on take-off, — standard instrument departures and arrivals, — en-route IFR procedures, — holding procedures, — instrument approaches to specified minima, — missed approach procedures, — landings from instrument approaches, including circling; (iii)     inflight manoeuvres and particular flight characteristics; (iv)     operation of airship in the above exercises, including operation of the airship solely by reference to instruments with one engine simulated inoperative and engine shut-down and restart (the latter exercise to be carried out at a safe altitude unless carried out in an FFS or FNPT II). Appendix 6 – Modular training courses for the IR Regulation (EU) 2021/2227 A. IR(A) — Modular flying training course GENERAL 1. The aim of the IR(A) modular flying training course is to train pilots to the level of proficiency necessary to operate aeroplanes under IFR and in IMC. The course consists of two modules, which may be taken separately or combined: (a) Basic Instrument Flight Module This comprises 10 hours of instrument time under instruction, of which up to 5 hours can be instrument ground time in a BITD, FNPT I or II, or an FFS. Upon completion of the Basic Instrument Flight Module, the candidate shall be issued a Course Completion Certificate. (b) Procedural Instrument Flight Module This comprises the remainder of the training syllabus for the IR(A), 40 hours single-engine or 45 hours multi-engine instrument time under instruction, and the theoretical knowledge course for the IR(A). 2. Applicants for a modular IR(A) course shall be the holder of a PPL(A) or a CPL(A). Applicants for the Procedural Instrument Flight Module, who do not hold a CPL(A), shall be a holder of a BIR or of a Course Completion Certificate for the Basic Instrument Flight Module. The ATO shall ensure that the applicant for a multi-engine IR(A) course who has not held a multi‑engine aeroplane class or type rating has received the multi-engine training specified in Subpart H prior to commencing the flight training for the IR(A) course. 3. An applicant wishing to undertake the Procedural Instrument Flight Module of a modular IR(A) course shall be required to complete all the instructional stages in one continuous approved course of training. Prior to commencing the Procedural Instrument Flight Module, the ATO shall ensure the competence of the applicant in basic instrument flying skills. Refresher training shall be given as required. 4. The course of theoretical instruction shall be completed within 18 months. The Procedural Instrument Flight Module and the skill test shall be completed within the period of validity of the pass in theoretical examinations. 5. The course shall comprise: (a) theoretical knowledge instruction to the IR knowledge level; (b) instrument flight instruction. THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE 6. An approved modular IR(A) course shall comprise at least 150 hours of theoretical knowledge instruction. FLYING TRAINING 7. A single-engine IR(A) course shall comprise at least 50 hours instrument time under instruction of which up to 20 hours may be instrument ground time in an FNPT I, or up to 35 hours in an FFS or FNPT II. A maximum of 10 hours of FNPT II or an FFS instrument ground time may be conducted in an FNPT I. 8. A multi-engine IR(A) course shall comprise at least 55 hours instrument time under instruction, of which up to 25 hours may be instrument ground time in an FNPT I, or up to 40 hours in an FFS or FNPT II. A maximum of 10 hours of FNPT II or an FFS instrument ground time may be conducted in an FNPT I. The remaining instrument flight instruction shall include at least 15 hours in multi-engine aeroplanes. 9. The holder of a single-engine IR(A) who also holds a multi-engine class or type rating wishing to obtain a multi-engine IR(A) for the first time shall complete a course at an ATO comprising at least 5 hours instruction in instrument flying in multi-engine aeroplanes, of which 3 hours may be in an FFS or FNPT II. 10.1 Holders of a CPL(A), of a BIR, or of a Course Completion Certificate for the Basic Instrument Flight Module shall be credited with up to 10 hours in regard of the total amount of training required in paragraphs 7 or 8 above. 10.2 The holder of an IR(H) may have the total amount of training required in paragraphs 7 or 8 above reduced to 10 hours. 10.3 The total instrument flight instruction in aeroplane shall comply with paragraph 7 or 8, as appropriate. 11. The flying exercises up to the IR(A) skill test shall comprise: (a) Basic Instrument Flight Module: Procedure and manoeuvre for basic instrument flight covering at least: basic instrument flight without external visual cues: — horizontal flight, — climbing, — descent, — turns in level flight, climbing, descent; instrument pattern; steep turn; radio navigation; recovery from unusual attitudes; limited panel; recognition and recovery from incipient and full stalls; (b) Procedural Instrument Flight Module: (i) pre-flight procedures for IFR flights, including the use of the flight manual and appropriate air traffic services documents in the preparation of an IFR flight plan; (ii) procedure and manoeuvres for IFR operation under normal, abnormal and emergency conditions covering at least: — transition from visual to instrument flight on take-off, — standard instrument departures and arrivals, — en-route IFR procedures, — holding procedures, — instrument approaches to specified minima, — missed approach procedures, — landings from instrument approaches, including circling; (iii) in-flight manoeuvres and particular flight characteristics; (iv) if required, operation of a multi-engine aeroplane in the above exercises, including operation of the aeroplane solely by reference to instruments with one engine simulated inoperative and engine shutdown and restart (the latter exercise to be carried out at a safe altitude unless carried out in an FFS or FNPT II). Aa. IR(A) — Competency-based modular flying training course GENERAL 1. The aim of the competency-based modular flying training course is to train PPL or CPL holders for the instrument rating, taking into account prior instrument flight instruction and experience. It is designed to provide the level of proficiency needed to operate aeroplanes under IFR and in IMC. The course shall be taken within an ATO or consist of a combination of instrument flight instruction provided by an IRI(A) or an FI(A) holding the privilege to provide training for the IR and flight instruction within an ATO. 2. An applicant for such a competency-based modular IR(A) shall be the holder of a PPL(A) or CPL(A). 3. The course of theoretical instruction shall be completed within 18 months. The instrument flight instruction and the skill test shall be completed within the period of validity of the pass of the theoretical knowledge examinations. 4. The course shall comprise: (a) theoretical knowledge instruction to the IR(A) knowledge level; (b) instrument flight instruction. THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE 5. An approved competency-based modular IR(A) course shall comprise at least 80 hours of theoretical knowledge instruction. The theoretical knowledge course may contain computer-based training and e- learning elements. A minimum amount of classroom teaching as required by ORA.ATO.305 has to be provided. FLYING TRAINING 6. The method of attaining an IR(A) following this modular course is competency-based. However, the minimum requirements below shall be completed by the applicant. Additional training may be required to reach required competencies. (a) A single-engine competency-based modular IR(A) course shall include at least 40 hours of instrument time under instruction, of which up to 10 hours may be instrument ground time in an FNPT I, or up to 25 hours in an FFS or FNPT II. A maximum of 5 hours of FNPT II or FFS instrument ground time may be conducted in an FNPT I. (i) When the applicant has: (A) completed instrument flight instruction provided by an IRI(A) or an FI(A) holding the privilege to provide training for the IR; or (B) prior experience of instrument flight time as PIC on aeroplanes, under a rating providing the privileges to fly under IFR and in IMC, these hours may be credited towards the 40 hours above up to maximum of 30 hours, (ii) When the applicant has prior instrument flight time under instruction other than specified in point (a)(i), these hours may be credited towards the required 40 hours up to a maximum of 15 hours. (iii) In any case, the flying training shall include at least 10 hours of instrument flight time under instruction in an aeroplane at an ATO. (iv) The total amount of dual instrument instruction shall not be less than 25 hours. (b) A multi-engine competency-based modular IR(A) course shall include at least 45 hours instrument time under instruction, of which up to 10 hours may be instrument ground time in an FNPT I, or up to 30 hours in an FFS or FNPT II. A maximum of 5 hours of FNPT II or FFS instrument ground time may be conducted in an FNPT I. (i) When the applicant has: (A) completed instrument flight instruction provided by an IRI(A) or an FI(A) holding the privilege to provide training for the IR; or (B) prior experience of instrument flight time as PIC on aeroplanes, under a rating giving the privileges to fly under IFR and in IMC these hours may be credited towards the 45 hours above up to a maximum of 35 hours. (ii) When the applicant has prior instrument flight time under instruction other than specified in point (b)(i), these hours may be credited towards the required 45 hours up to a maximum of 15 hours. (iii) In any case, the flying training shall include at least 10 hours of instrument flight time under instruction in a multi-engine aeroplane at an ATO. (iv) The total amount of dual instrument instruction shall not be less than 25 hours, of which at least 15 hours shall be completed in a multi-engine aeroplane. (c) To determine the amount of hours credited and to establish the training needs, the applicant shall complete a pre-entry assessment at an ATO. (d) The completion of the instrument flight instruction provided by an IRI(A) or FI(A) in accordance with point (a)(i) or (b)(i) shall be documented in a specific training record and signed by the instructor. 7. The flight instruction for the competency-based modular IR(A) shall comprise: (a) procedures and manoeuvres for basic instrument flight covering at least: (i) basic instrument flight without external visual cues; (ii) horizontal flight; (iii) climbing; (iv) descent; (v) turns in level flight, climbing and descent; (vi) instrument pattern; (vii) steep turn; (viii) radio navigation; (ix) recovery from unusual attitudes; (x) limited panel; and (xi) recognition and recovery from incipient and full stall; (b) pre-flight procedures for IFR flights, including the use of the flight manual and appropriate air traffic services documents for the preparation of an IFR flight plan; (c) procedure and manoeuvres for IFR operation under normal, abnormal, and emergency conditions covering at least: (i) transition from visual to instrument flight on take-off; (ii) standard instrument departures and arrivals; (iii) en route IFR procedures; (iv) holding procedures; (v) instrument approaches to specified minima; (vi) missed approach procedures; and (vii) landings from instrument approaches, including circling; (d) in-flight manoeuvres and particular flight characteristics; (e) if required, operation of a multi-engine aeroplane in the above exercises, including: (i) operation of the aeroplane solely by reference to instruments with one engine simulated inoperative; (ii) engine shutdown and restart (to be carried out at a safe altitude unless carried out in an FFS or FNPT II). 8. Applicants for the competency-based modular IR(A) holding a Part-FCL PPL or CPL and a valid IR(A) issued in compliance with the requirements of Annex 1 to the Chicago Convention by a third country may be credited in full towards the training course mentioned in paragraph 4. In order to be issued the IR(A), the applicant shall: (a) successfully complete the skill test for the IR(A) in accordance with Appendix 7; (b) demonstrate to the examiner during the skill test that he/she has acquired an adequate level of theoretical knowledge of air law, meteorology and flight planning and performance (IR); and (c) have a minimum experience of at least 50 hours of flight time under IFR as PIC on aeroplanes. 9. Applicants for the competency-based modular IR(A) who hold a BIR in accordance with point [FCL.835](#_DxCrossRefBm1199963237) and who have received at least 10 hours of instrument flight time under instruction at an ATO may be credited towards the training course referred to in paragraph 4, provided that all competency-based instrument rating topics have been included in that BIR training, and assessed by the ATO that provides the competency-based modular flying training course. 10. Applicants for the competency-based modular IR(A) who hold a BIR and have experience of at least 50 hours of flight time under IFR as PIC on aeroplanes, shall: (a) at an ATO: (i) be assessed as having an acceptable standard of competency-based instrument rating theoretical knowledge; (ii) receive appropriate flight training to extend IFR privileges in accordance with [FCL.605.IR(a)](#_DxCrossRefBm1199963457); (b) after completion of (a); (i) successfully complete the skill test for the IR(A) in accordance with [Appendix 7](#_DxCrossRefBm1199963466); (ii) demonstrate orally to the examiner during the skill test that they have acquired an adequate level of theoretical knowledge of air law, meteorology, and flight planning and performance. PRE-ENTRY ASSESSMENT 11. The content and duration of the pre-entry assessment shall be determined by the ATO based on the prior instrument experience of the applicant. MULTI-ENGINE 12. The holder of a single-engine IR(A) who also holds a multi-engine class or type rating wishing to obtain a multi-engine IR(A) for the first time shall complete a course at an ATO comprising at least 5 hours instrument time under instruction in multi-engine aeroplanes, of which 3 hours may be in an FFS or FNPT II and shall pass a skill test. B. IR(H) — Modular flying training course 1. The aim of the IR(H) modular flying training course is to train pilots to the level of proficiency necessary to operate helicopters under IFR and in IMC. 2. An applicant for a modular IR(H) course shall be the holder of a PPL(H), or a CPL(H) or an ATPL(H). Prior to commencing the aircraft instruction phase of the IR(H) course, the applicant shall be the holder of the helicopter type rating used for the IR(H) skill test, or have completed approved type rating training on that type. The applicant shall hold a certificate of satisfactory completion of MCC if the skill test is to be conducted in Multi- Pilot conditions. 3. An applicant wishing to undertake a modular IR(H) course shall be required to complete all the instructional stages in one continuous approved course of training. 4. The course of theoretical instruction shall be completed within 18 months. The flight instruction and the skill test shall be completed within the period of validity of the pass in the theoretical examinations. 5. The course shall comprise: (a) theoretical knowledge instruction to the IR knowledge level; (b) instrument flight instruction. THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE 6. An approved modular IR(H) course shall comprise at least 150 hours of instruction. FLYING TRAINING 7. An IR(H) course shall comprise at least 55 hours instrument time under instruction, of which: (a) up to 20 hours may be instrument ground time in an FNPT I (H) or (A). These 20 hours instruction time in FNPT I (H) or (A) may be substituted by 20 hours instruction time for IR(H) in an aeroplane, approved for this course; or (b) up to 40 hours may be instrument ground time in a helicopter FTD 2/3, FNPT II/III or FFS. The instrument flight instruction shall include at least 10 hours in an IFR-certificated helicopter. 8.1 Holders of an ATPL(H) shall have the theoretical knowledge instruction hours reduced by 50 hours. 8.2 The holder of an IR(A) may have the amount of training required reduced to 10 hours. 8.3. The holder of a PPL(H) with a helicopter night rating or a CPL(H) may have the total amount of instrument time under instruction required reduced by 5 hours. 9. The flying exercises up to the IR(H) skill test shall comprise: (a) pre-flight procedures for IFR flights, including the use of the flight manual and appropriate air traffic services documents in the preparation of an IFR flight plan; (b) procedure and manoeuvres for IFR operation under normal, abnormal and emergency conditions covering at least: — transition from visual to instrument flight on take-off, — standard instrument departures and arrivals, — en-route IFR procedures, — holding procedures, — instrument approaches to specified minima, — missed approach procedures, — landings from instrument approaches, including circling; (c) in-flight manoeuvres and particular flight characteristics; (d) if required, operation of a multi-engine helicopter in the above exercises, including operation of the helicopter solely by reference to instruments with one engine simulated inoperative and engine shutdown and restart (the latter exercise to be carried out in an FFS or FNPT II or FTD 2/3). C. IR(As) — Modular flying training course GENERAL 1. The aim of the IR(As) modular flying training course is to train pilots to the level of proficiency necessary to operate airships under IFR and in IMC. The course consists of two modules, which may be taken separately or combined: (a) Basic Instrument Flight Module This comprises 10 hours of instrument time under instruction, of which up to 5 hours can be instrument ground time in a BITD, FNPT I or II, or an FFS. Upon completion of the Basic Instrument Flight Module, the candidate shall be issued a Course Completion Certificate. (b) Procedural Instrument Flight Module This comprises the remainder of the training syllabus for the IR(As), 25 hours instrument time under instruction, and the theoretical knowledge course for the IR(As). 2. An applicant for a modular IR(As) course shall be the holder of a PPL(As) including the privileges to fly at night or a CPL(As). An applicant for the Procedural Instrument Flight Module, who does not hold a CPL(As), shall be holder of a Course Completion Certificate for the Basic Instrument Flight Module. 3. An applicant wishing to undertake the Procedural Instrument Flight Module of a modular IR(As) course shall be required to complete all the instructional stages in one continuous approved course of training. Prior to commencing the Procedural Instrument Flight Module, the ATO shall ensure the competence of the applicant in basic instrument flying skills. Refresher training shall be given as required. 4. The course of theoretical instruction shall be completed within 18 months. The Procedural Instrument Flight Module and the skill test shall be completed within the period of validity of the pass in theoretical examinations. 5. The course shall comprise: (a) theoretical knowledge instruction to the IR knowledge level; (b) instrument flight instruction. THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE 6. An approved modular IR(As) course shall comprise at least 150 hours of theoretical knowledge instruction. FLYING TRAINING 7. An IR(As) course shall comprise at least 35 hours instrument time under instruction of which up to 15 hours may be instrument ground time in an FNPT I, or up to 20 hours in an FFS or FNPT II. A maximum of 5 hours of FNPT II or FFS instrument ground time may be conducted in an FNPT I. 8. The holder of a CPL(As) or of a Course Completion Certificate for the Basic Instrument Flight Module may have the total amount of training required in paragraph 7 reduced by 10 hours. The total instrument flight instruction in airship shall comply with paragraph 7. 9. If the applicant is the holder of an IR in another category of aircraft the total amount of flight instruction required may be reduced to 10 hours on airships. 10. The flying exercises up to the IR(As) skill test shall comprise: (a) Basic Instrument Flight Module: Procedure and manoeuvre for basic instrument flight covering at least: basic instrument flight without external visual cues: — horizontal flight, — climbing, — descent, — turns in level flight, climbing, descent; instrument pattern; radionavigation; recovery from unusual attitudes; limited panel; (b) Procedural Instrument Flight Module: (i) pre-flight procedures for IFR flights, including the use of the flight manual and appropriate air traffic services documents in the preparation of an IFR flight plan; (ii) procedure and manoeuvres for IFR operation under normal, abnormal and emergency conditions covering at least: — transition from visual to instrument flight on take-off, — standard instrument departures and arrivals, — en-route IFR procedures, — holding procedures, — instrument approaches to specified minima, — missed approach procedures, — landings from instrument approaches, including circling; (iii) inflight manoeuvres and particular flight characteristics; (iv) operation of airship in the above exercises, including operation of the airship solely by reference to instruments with one engine simulated inoperative and engine shut-down and restart (the latter exercise to be carried out at a safe altitude unless carried out in an FFS or FNPT II). #### Appendix 6 – Modular training courses for the IR *Regulation (EU) 2021/2227* **A. IR(A) — Modular flying training course** **GENERAL** 1. The aim of the IR(A) modular flying training course is to train pilots to the level of proficiency necessary to operate aeroplanes under IFR and in IMC. The course consists of two modules, which may be taken separately or combined: (a) Basic Instrument Flight Module This comprises 10 hours of instrument time under instruction, of which up to 5 hours can be instrument ground time in a BITD, FNPT I or II, or an FFS. Upon completion of the Basic Instrument Flight Module, the candidate shall be issued a Course Completion Certificate. (b) Procedural Instrument Flight Module This comprises the remainder of the training syllabus for the IR(A), 40 hours single-engine or 45 hours multi-engine instrument time under instruction, and the theoretical knowledge course for the IR(A). 2. Applicants for a modular IR(A) course shall be the holder of a PPL(A) or a CPL(A). Applicants for the Procedural Instrument Flight Module, who do not hold a CPL(A), shall be a holder of a BIR or of a Course Completion Certificate for the Basic Instrument Flight Module. The ATO shall ensure that the applicant for a multi-engine IR(A) course who has not held a multi‑engine aeroplane class or type rating has received the multi-engine training specified in Subpart H prior to commencing the flight training for the IR(A) course. 3. An applicant wishing to undertake the Procedural Instrument Flight Module of a modular IR(A) course shall be required to complete all the instructional stages in one continuous approved course of training. Prior to commencing the Procedural Instrument Flight Module, the ATO shall ensure the competence of the applicant in basic instrument flying skills. Refresher training shall be given as required. 4. The course of theoretical instruction shall be completed within 18 months. The Procedural Instrument Flight Module and the skill test shall be completed within the period of validity of the pass in theoretical examinations. 5. The course shall comprise: (a) theoretical knowledge instruction to the IR knowledge level; (b) instrument flight instruction. **THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE** 6. An approved modular IR(A) course shall comprise at least 150 hours of theoretical knowledge instruction. **FLYING TRAINING** 7. A single-engine IR(A) course shall comprise at least 50 hours instrument time under instruction of which up to 20 hours may be instrument ground time in an FNPT I, or up to 35 hours in an FFS or FNPT II. A maximum of 10 hours of FNPT II or an FFS instrument ground time may be conducted in an FNPT I. 8. A multi-engine IR(A) course shall comprise at least 55 hours instrument time under instruction, of which up to 25 hours may be instrument ground time in an FNPT I, or up to 40 hours in an FFS or FNPT II. A maximum of 10 hours of FNPT II or an FFS instrument ground time may be conducted in an FNPT I. The remaining instrument flight instruction shall include at least 15 hours in multi-engine aeroplanes. 9. The holder of a single-engine IR(A) who also holds a multi-engine class or type rating wishing to obtain a multi-engine IR(A) for the first time shall complete a course at an ATO comprising at least 5 hours instruction in instrument flying in multi-engine aeroplanes, of which 3 hours may be in an FFS or FNPT II. 10.1 Holders of a CPL(A), of a BIR, or of a Course Completion Certificate for the Basic Instrument Flight Module shall be credited with up to 10 hours in regard of the total amount of training required in paragraphs 7 or 8 above. 10.2 The holder of an IR(H) may have the total amount of training required in paragraphs 7 or 8 above reduced to 10 hours. 10.3 The total instrument flight instruction in aeroplane shall comply with paragraph 7 or 8, as appropriate. 11. The flying exercises up to the IR(A) skill test shall comprise: (a) Basic Instrument Flight Module: Procedure and manoeuvre for basic instrument flight covering at least: basic instrument flight without external visual cues: — horizontal flight, — climbing, — descent, — turns in level flight, climbing, descent; instrument pattern; steep turn; radio navigation; recovery from unusual attitudes; limited panel; recognition and recovery from incipient and full stalls; (b) Procedural Instrument Flight Module: (i) pre-flight procedures for IFR flights, including the use of the flight manual and appropriate air traffic services documents in the preparation of an IFR flight plan; (ii) procedure and manoeuvres for IFR operation under normal, abnormal and emergency conditions covering at least: — transition from visual to instrument flight on take-off, — standard instrument departures and arrivals, — en-route IFR procedures, — holding procedures, — instrument approaches to specified minima, — missed approach procedures, — landings from instrument approaches, including circling; (iii) in-flight manoeuvres and particular flight characteristics; (iv) if required, operation of a multi-engine aeroplane in the above exercises, including operation of the aeroplane solely by reference to instruments with one engine simulated inoperative and engine shutdown and restart (the latter exercise to be carried out at a safe altitude unless carried out in an FFS or FNPT II). **Aa. IR(A) — Competency-based modular flying training course** **GENERAL** 1. The aim of the competency-based modular flying training course is to train PPL or CPL holders for the instrument rating, taking into account prior instrument flight instruction and experience. It is designed to provide the level of proficiency needed to operate aeroplanes under IFR and in IMC. The course shall be taken within an ATO or consist of a combination of instrument flight instruction provided by an IRI(A) or an FI(A) holding the privilege to provide training for the IR and flight instruction within an ATO. 2. An applicant for such a competency-based modular IR(A) shall be the holder of a PPL(A) or CPL(A). 3. The course of theoretical instruction shall be completed within 18 months. The instrument flight instruction and the skill test shall be completed within the period of validity of the pass of the theoretical knowledge examinations. 4. The course shall comprise: (a) theoretical knowledge instruction to the IR(A) knowledge level; (b) instrument flight instruction. **THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE** 5. An approved competency-based modular IR(A) course shall comprise at least 80 hours of theoretical knowledge instruction. The theoretical knowledge course may contain computer-based training and e- learning elements. A minimum amount of classroom teaching as required by ORA.ATO.305 has to be provided. **FLYING TRAINING** 6. The method of attaining an IR(A) following this modular course is competency-based. However, the minimum requirements below shall be completed by the applicant. Additional training may be required to reach required competencies. (a) A single-engine competency-based modular IR(A) course shall include at least 40 hours of instrument time under instruction, of which up to 10 hours may be instrument ground time in an FNPT I, or up to 25 hours in an FFS or FNPT II. A maximum of 5 hours of FNPT II or FFS instrument ground time may be conducted in an FNPT I. (i) When the applicant has: (A) completed instrument flight instruction provided by an IRI(A) or an FI(A) holding the privilege to provide training for the IR; or (B) prior experience of instrument flight time as PIC on aeroplanes, under a rating providing the privileges to fly under IFR and in IMC, these hours may be credited towards the 40 hours above up to maximum of 30 hours, (ii) When the applicant has prior instrument flight time under instruction other than specified in point (a)(i), these hours may be credited towards the required 40 hours up to a maximum of 15 hours. (iii) In any case, the flying training shall include at least 10 hours of instrument flight time under instruction in an aeroplane at an ATO. (iv) The total amount of dual instrument instruction shall not be less than 25 hours. (b) A multi-engine competency-based modular IR(A) course shall include at least 45 hours instrument time under instruction, of which up to 10 hours may be instrument ground time in an FNPT I, or up to 30 hours in an FFS or FNPT II. A maximum of 5 hours of FNPT II or FFS instrument ground time may be conducted in an FNPT I. (i) When the applicant has: (A) completed instrument flight instruction provided by an IRI(A) or an FI(A) holding the privilege to provide training for the IR; or (B) prior experience of instrument flight time as PIC on aeroplanes, under a rating giving the privileges to fly under IFR and in IMC these hours may be credited towards the 45 hours above up to a maximum of 35 hours. (ii) When the applicant has prior instrument flight time under instruction other than specified in point (b)(i), these hours may be credited towards the required 45 hours up to a maximum of 15 hours. (iii) In any case, the flying training shall include at least 10 hours of instrument flight time under instruction in a multi-engine aeroplane at an ATO. (iv) The total amount of dual instrument instruction shall not be less than 25 hours, of which at least 15 hours shall be completed in a multi-engine aeroplane. (c) To determine the amount of hours credited and to establish the training needs, the applicant shall complete a pre-entry assessment at an ATO. (d) The completion of the instrument flight instruction provided by an IRI(A) or FI(A) in accordance with point (a)(i) or (b)(i) shall be documented in a specific training record and signed by the instructor. 7. The flight instruction for the competency-based modular IR(A) shall comprise: (a) procedures and manoeuvres for basic instrument flight covering at least: (i) basic instrument flight without external visual cues; (ii) horizontal flight; (iii) climbing; (iv) descent; (v) turns in level flight, climbing and descent; (vi) instrument pattern; (vii) steep turn; (viii) radio navigation; (ix) recovery from unusual attitudes; (x) limited panel; and (xi) recognition and recovery from incipient and full stall; (b) pre-flight procedures for IFR flights, including the use of the flight manual and appropriate air traffic services documents for the preparation of an IFR flight plan; (c) procedure and manoeuvres for IFR operation under normal, abnormal, and emergency conditions covering at least: (i) transition from visual to instrument flight on take-off; (ii) standard instrument departures and arrivals; (iii) en route IFR procedures; (iv) holding procedures; (v) instrument approaches to specified minima; (vi) missed approach procedures; and (vii) landings from instrument approaches, including circling; (d) in-flight manoeuvres and particular flight characteristics; (e) if required, operation of a multi-engine aeroplane in the above exercises, including: (i) operation of the aeroplane solely by reference to instruments with one engine simulated inoperative; (ii) engine shutdown and restart (to be carried out at a safe altitude unless carried out in an FFS or FNPT II). 8. Applicants for the competency-based modular IR(A) holding a Part-FCL PPL or CPL and a valid IR(A) issued in compliance with the requirements of Annex 1 to the Chicago Convention by a third country may be credited in full towards the training course mentioned in paragraph 4. In order to be issued the IR(A), the applicant shall: (a) successfully complete the skill test for the IR(A) in accordance with Appendix 7; (b) demonstrate to the examiner during the skill test that he/she has acquired an adequate level of theoretical knowledge of air law, meteorology and flight planning and performance (IR); and (c) have a minimum experience of at least 50 hours of flight time under IFR as PIC on aeroplanes. 9. Applicants for the competency-based modular IR(A) who hold a BIR in accordance with point [FCL.835](#_DxCrossRefBm1743303000) and who have received at least 10 hours of instrument flight time under instruction at an ATO may be credited towards the training course referred to in paragraph 4, provided that all competency-based instrument rating topics have been included in that BIR training, and assessed by the ATO that provides the competency-based modular flying training course. 10. Applicants for the competency-based modular IR(A) who hold a BIR and have experience of at least 50 hours of flight time under IFR as PIC on aeroplanes, shall: (a) at an ATO: (i) be assessed as having an acceptable standard of competency-based instrument rating theoretical knowledge; (ii) receive appropriate flight training to extend IFR privileges in accordance with [FCL.605.IR(a)](#_DxCrossRefBm1743303253); (b) after completion of (a); (i) successfully complete the skill test for the IR(A) in accordance with [Appendix 7](#_DxCrossRefBm1743303262); (ii) demonstrate orally to the examiner during the skill test that they have acquired an adequate level of theoretical knowledge of air law, meteorology, and flight planning and performance. **PRE-ENTRY ASSESSMENT** 11. The content and duration of the pre-entry assessment shall be determined by the ATO based on the prior instrument experience of the applicant. **MULTI-ENGINE** 12. The holder of a single-engine IR(A) who also holds a multi-engine class or type rating wishing to obtain a multi-engine IR(A) for the first time shall complete a course at an ATO comprising at least 5 hours instrument time under instruction in multi-engine aeroplanes, of which 3 hours may be in an FFS or FNPT II and shall pass a skill test. **B. IR(H) — Modular flying training course** 1. The aim of the IR(H) modular flying training course is to train pilots to the level of proficiency necessary to operate helicopters under IFR and in IMC. 2. An applicant for a modular IR(H) course shall be the holder of a PPL(H), or a CPL(H) or an ATPL(H). Prior to commencing the aircraft instruction phase of the IR(H) course, the applicant shall be the holder of the helicopter type rating used for the IR(H) skill test, or have completed approved type rating training on that type. The applicant shall hold a certificate of satisfactory completion of MCC if the skill test is to be conducted in Multi- Pilot conditions. 3. An applicant wishing to undertake a modular IR(H) course shall be required to complete all the instructional stages in one continuous approved course of training. 4. The course of theoretical instruction shall be completed within 18 months. The flight instruction and the skill test shall be completed within the period of validity of the pass in the theoretical examinations. 5. The course shall comprise: (a) theoretical knowledge instruction to the IR knowledge level; (b) instrument flight instruction. **THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE** 6. An approved modular IR(H) course shall comprise at least 150 hours of instruction. **FLYING TRAINING** 7. An IR(H) course shall comprise at least 55 hours instrument time under instruction, of which: (a) up to 20 hours may be instrument ground time in an FNPT I (H) or (A). These 20 hours instruction time in FNPT I (H) or (A) may be substituted by 20 hours instruction time for IR(H) in an aeroplane, approved for this course; or (b) up to 40 hours may be instrument ground time in a helicopter FTD 2/3, FNPT II/III or FFS. The instrument flight instruction shall include at least 10 hours in an IFR-certificated helicopter. 8.1 Holders of an ATPL(H) shall have the theoretical knowledge instruction hours reduced by 50 hours. 8.2 The holder of an IR(A) may have the amount of training required reduced to 10 hours. 8.3. The holder of a PPL(H) with a helicopter night rating or a CPL(H) may have the total amount of instrument time under instruction required reduced by 5 hours. 9. The flying exercises up to the IR(H) skill test shall comprise: (a) pre-flight procedures for IFR flights, including the use of the flight manual and appropriate air traffic services documents in the preparation of an IFR flight plan; (b) procedure and manoeuvres for IFR operation under normal, abnormal and emergency conditions covering at least: — transition from visual to instrument flight on take-off, — standard instrument departures and arrivals, — en-route IFR procedures, — holding procedures, — instrument approaches to specified minima, — missed approach procedures, — landings from instrument approaches, including circling; (c) in-flight manoeuvres and particular flight characteristics; (d) if required, operation of a multi-engine helicopter in the above exercises, including operation of the helicopter solely by reference to instruments with one engine simulated inoperative and engine shutdown and restart (the latter exercise to be carried out in an FFS or FNPT II or FTD 2/3). **C. IR(As) — Modular flying training course** **GENERAL** 1. The aim of the IR(As) modular flying training course is to train pilots to the level of proficiency necessary to operate airships under IFR and in IMC. The course consists of two modules, which may be taken separately or combined: (a) Basic Instrument Flight Module This comprises 10 hours of instrument time under instruction, of which up to 5 hours can be instrument ground time in a BITD, FNPT I or II, or an FFS. Upon completion of the Basic Instrument Flight Module, the candidate shall be issued a Course Completion Certificate. (b) Procedural Instrument Flight Module This comprises the remainder of the training syllabus for the IR(As), 25 hours instrument time under instruction, and the theoretical knowledge course for the IR(As). 2. An applicant for a modular IR(As) course shall be the holder of a PPL(As) including the privileges to fly at night or a CPL(As). An applicant for the Procedural Instrument Flight Module, who does not hold a CPL(As), shall be holder of a Course Completion Certificate for the Basic Instrument Flight Module. 3. An applicant wishing to undertake the Procedural Instrument Flight Module of a modular IR(As) course shall be required to complete all the instructional stages in one continuous approved course of training. Prior to commencing the Procedural Instrument Flight Module, the ATO shall ensure the competence of the applicant in basic instrument flying skills. Refresher training shall be given as required. 4. The course of theoretical instruction shall be completed within 18 months. The Procedural Instrument Flight Module and the skill test shall be completed within the period of validity of the pass in theoretical examinations. 5. The course shall comprise: (a) theoretical knowledge instruction to the IR knowledge level; (b) instrument flight instruction. **THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE** 6. An approved modular IR(As) course shall comprise at least 150 hours of theoretical knowledge instruction. **FLYING TRAINING** 7. An IR(As) course shall comprise at least 35 hours instrument time under instruction of which up to 15 hours may be instrument ground time in an FNPT I, or up to 20 hours in an FFS or FNPT II. A maximum of 5 hours of FNPT II or FFS instrument ground time may be conducted in an FNPT I. 8. The holder of a CPL(As) or of a Course Completion Certificate for the Basic Instrument Flight Module may have the total amount of training required in paragraph 7 reduced by 10 hours. The total instrument flight instruction in airship shall comply with paragraph 7. 9. If the applicant is the holder of an IR in another category of aircraft the total amount of flight instruction required may be reduced to 10 hours on airships. 10. The flying exercises up to the IR(As) skill test shall comprise: (a) Basic Instrument Flight Module: Procedure and manoeuvre for basic instrument flight covering at least: basic instrument flight without external visual cues: — horizontal flight, — climbing, — descent, — turns in level flight, climbing, descent; instrument pattern; radionavigation; recovery from unusual attitudes; limited panel; (b) Procedural Instrument Flight Module: (i) pre-flight procedures for IFR flights, including the use of the flight manual and appropriate air traffic services documents in the preparation of an IFR flight plan; (ii) procedure and manoeuvres for IFR operation under normal, abnormal and emergency conditions covering at least: — transition from visual to instrument flight on take-off, — standard instrument departures and arrivals, — en-route IFR procedures, — holding procedures, — instrument approaches to specified minima, — missed approach procedures, — landings from instrument approaches, including circling; (iii) inflight manoeuvres and particular flight characteristics; (iv) operation of airship in the above exercises, including operation of the airship solely by reference to instruments with one engine simulated inoperative and engine shut-down and restart (the latter exercise to be carried out at a safe altitude unless carried out in an FFS or FNPT II).