AMC1 FCL.725.A(b) Theoretical knowledge and flight instruction for the issue of class and type ratings - aeroplanes

• ED Decision 2011/016/R found in: Aircrew (1178/2011) Part-FCL Part-MED Part-CC Part-ARA Part-ORA Part-DTO (Aug 2023)

AMC1 FCL.725.A(b) Theoretical knowledge and flight instruction for the issue of class and type ratings – aeroplanes ED Decision 2011/016/R CLASS RATING SEA (a) The theoretical knowledge instruction should be conducted by an instructor having appropriate experience of class rating sea. (b) Depending on the equipment and systems installed, the instruction should include, but not be limited to, the following content: (1) theoretical knowledge: (i) the aim of the training is to teach: (A) the importance of preparation for flight and the safe planning taking into consideration all the factors for manoeuvring the aircraft on the wind, tidal currents, high and low water times and water movements at sea, river estuaries and lakes In addition, icing conditions, ice covered water and broken ice flows; (B) the techniques about the most critical moments at take-off, landing, taxiing and mooring the aircraft; (C) the construction methods and characteristics of floats and water rudders and the importance of checking for leaks in the floats; (D) the necessary requirements for the compliance of the rules for the avoidance of collisions at sea, in regard to sea charts, buoys and lights and horns. (ii) after completing the training, the student should be able to: (A) describe the factors that have significance for planning and decision about initiation of seaplane flying and alternative measures for completion of flight; (B) describe how the water level is affected by air pressure, wind, tide, regularisations and the flight safety depending on changes in the water level; (C) describe the origin of different ice conditions in water areas; (D) interpret nautical charts and maps about depths and shoals and risk for water currents, shifts of the wind, turbulence; (E) decide what required equipment to bring during seaplane flying according to the operational requirements; (F) describe the origin and extension of water waves, swells and water currents and their effect on the aeroplane; (G) describe how water and air forces effect the aeroplane on water; (H) describe the effect of water resistance on the aeroplanes' performance on glassy water and during different wave conditions; (I) describe the consequences of taxiing with too high engine RPM; (J) describe the effect of pressure and temperature on performance at take-off and climb from lakes located at higher altitude; (K) describe the effect of wind, turbulence, and other meteorological conditions of special importance for flight over lakes, islands in mountain areas and other broken ground; (L) describe the function of the water rudder and its handling, including the effect of lowered water rudder at take-off and landing; (M) describe the parts of the float installation and their function; (N) describe the effect of the floats on the aeroplanes’ aerodynamics and performance in water and in air; (O) describe the consequences of water in the floats and fouling of float bottoms; (P) describe aviation requirements that apply specifically for the conduct of aircraft activity on water; (Q) describe requirements about animal, nature and environment protection of significance for flight by seaplane, including flight in national parks; (R) describe the meaning of navigation buoys; (S) describe the organisation and working methods of the Sea Rescue Service; (T) describe the requirements in ICAO Annex 2 as set out in paragraph 3.2.6 ‘Water operation’, including relevant parts of the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea. (2) practical training: (i) the aim of the practical training is to learn: (A) the skills in manoeuvring aeroplanes on water and in mooring the aeroplane; (B) the skills required for the reconnaissance of landing and mooring areas from the air, including the take-off area; (C) the skills for assessing the effects of different water depths, shoals, wind, height of waves and swell; (D) the skills for flying with floats about their effect on performance and flight characteristics; (E) the skills for flying in broken ground during different wind and turbulence conditions; (F) the skills for take-off and landing on glassy water, different ° of swell and water current conditions. (ii) after the training, the student should be able to: (A) handle the equipment that shall be brought during seaplane flying; (B) perform pre-flight daily inspection on aeroplane, float installation and special seaplane equipment, including emptying of floats; (C) sail, taxi and turn the aeroplane at swell with correct handling of the water rudder; (D) taxi on the step and perform turns; (E) establish the wind direction with the aeroplane; (F) take necessary actions if loss of steering ability and person falling overboard; (G) make land and moor aeroplane at bridge, buoy and beach with the use of appropriate knots to secure the aircraft; (H) maintain given rate of descent by means of variometer only; (I) perform take-off and landing on glassy water with and without outer references; (J) perform take-off and landing under swell; (K) perform power-off landing; (L) from the air, reconnaissance of landing, mooring and takeoff areas, observing; (M) wind direction and strength during landing and take-off; (N) surrounding terrain; (O) overhead wires and other obstacles above and under water; (P) congested areas; (Q) determine wind direction and assess wind strength from water level and when airborne; (R) state, for the aeroplane type in question; (a) maximum wave height allowed; (b) maximum number of ERPM allowed during taxi; (S) describe how flying with floats affects the performance and flight characteristics of the aeroplane; (T) take corrective action at critical moments due to wind shear and turbulence; (U) navigate on the water with reference to buoys markers, obstacles and other traffic on the water. (c) For the initial issue of class rating sea for SP, SE and ME aeroplanes, the number of multi-choice questions in the written or computer-based examination should at least comprise thirty questions, and may be conducted by the training organisation. The pass mark should be 75 %. AMC1 FCL.725.A(b) Theoretical knowledge and flight instruction for the issue of class and type ratings – aeroplanes ED Decision 2011/016/R CLASS RATING SEA (a)     The theoretical knowledge instruction should be conducted by an instructor having appropriate experience of class rating sea. (b)     Depending on the equipment and systems installed, the instruction should include, but not be limited to, the following content: (1)     theoretical knowledge: (i)      the aim of the training is to teach: (A)     the importance of preparation for flight and the safe planning taking into consideration all the factors for manoeuvring the aircraft on the wind, tidal currents, high and low water times and water movements at sea, river estuaries and lakes In addition, icing conditions, ice covered water and broken ice flows; (B)     the techniques about the most critical moments at take-off, landing, taxiing and mooring the aircraft; (C)     the construction methods and characteristics of floats and water rudders and the importance of checking for leaks in the floats; (D)     the necessary requirements for the compliance of the rules for the avoidance of collisions at sea, in regard to sea charts, buoys and lights and horns. (ii)     after completing the training, the student should be able to: (A)     describe the factors that have significance for planning and decision about initiation of seaplane flying and alternative measures for completion of flight; (B)     describe how the water level is affected by air pressure, wind, tide, regularisations and the flight safety depending on changes in the water level; (C)     describe the origin of different ice conditions in water areas; (D)     interpret nautical charts and maps about depths and shoals and risk for water currents, shifts of the wind, turbulence; (E)     decide what required equipment to bring during seaplane flying according to the operational requirements; (F)     describe the origin and extension of water waves, swells and water currents and their effect on the aeroplane; (G)     describe how water and air forces effect the aeroplane on water; (H)     describe the effect of water resistance on the aeroplanes' performance on glassy water and during different wave conditions; (I)      describe the consequences of taxiing with too high engine RPM; (J)      describe the effect of pressure and temperature on performance at take-off and climb from lakes located at higher altitude; (K)     describe the effect of wind, turbulence, and other meteorological conditions of special importance for flight over lakes, islands in mountain areas and other broken ground; (L)      describe the function of the water rudder and its handling, including the effect of lowered water rudder at take-off and landing; (M)    describe the parts of the float installation and their function; (N)     describe the effect of the floats on the aeroplanes’ aerodynamics and performance in water and in air; (O)     describe the consequences of water in the floats and fouling of float bottoms; (P)     describe aviation requirements that apply specifically for the conduct of aircraft activity on water; (Q)     describe requirements about animal, nature and environment protection of significance for flight by seaplane, including flight in national parks; (R)     describe the meaning of navigation buoys; (S)     describe the organisation and working methods of the Sea Rescue Service; (T)     describe the requirements in ICAO Annex 2 as set out in paragraph 3.2.6 ‘Water operation’, including relevant parts of the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea. (2)     practical training: (i)      the aim of the practical training is to learn: (A)     the skills in manoeuvring aeroplanes on water and in mooring the aeroplane; (B)     the skills required for the reconnaissance of landing and mooring areas from the air, including the take-off area; (C)     the skills for assessing the effects of different water depths, shoals, wind, height of waves and swell; (D)     the skills for flying with floats about their effect on performance and flight characteristics; (E)     the skills for flying in broken ground during different wind and turbulence conditions; (F)     the skills for take-off and landing on glassy water, different ° of swell and water current conditions. (ii)     after the training, the student should be able to: (A)     handle the equipment that shall be brought during seaplane flying; (B)     perform pre-flight daily inspection on aeroplane, float installation and special seaplane equipment, including emptying of floats; (C)     sail, taxi and turn the aeroplane at swell with correct handling of the water rudder; (D)     taxi on the step and perform turns; (E)     establish the wind direction with the aeroplane; (F)     take necessary actions if loss of steering ability and person falling overboard; (G)     make land and moor aeroplane at bridge, buoy and beach with the use of appropriate knots to secure the aircraft; (H)     maintain given rate of descent by means of variometer only; (I)      perform take-off and landing on glassy water with and without outer references; (J)      perform take-off and landing under swell; (K)     perform power-off landing; (L)      from the air, reconnaissance of landing, mooring and takeoff areas, observing; (M)    wind direction and strength during landing and take-off; (N)     surrounding terrain; (O)     overhead wires and other obstacles above and under water; (P)     congested areas; (Q)     determine wind direction and assess wind strength from water level and when airborne; (R)     state, for the aeroplane type in question; (a)      maximum wave height allowed; (b)     maximum number of ERPM allowed during taxi; (S)     describe how flying with floats affects the performance and flight characteristics of the aeroplane; (T)     take corrective action at critical moments due to wind shear and turbulence; (U)     navigate on the water with reference to buoys markers, obstacles and other traffic on the water. (c)      For the initial issue of class rating sea for SP, SE and ME aeroplanes, the number of multi-choice questions in the written or computer-based examination should at least comprise thirty questions, and may be conducted by the training organisation. The pass mark should be 75 %. ##### AMC1 FCL.725.A(b) Theoretical knowledge and flight instruction for the issue of class and type ratings – aeroplanes *ED Decision 2011/016/R* **CLASS RATING SEA** (a) The theoretical knowledge instruction should be conducted by an instructor having appropriate experience of class rating sea. (b) Depending on the equipment and systems installed, the instruction should include, but not be limited to, the following content: (1) theoretical knowledge: (i) the aim of the training is to teach: (A) the importance of preparation for flight and the safe planning taking into consideration all the factors for manoeuvring the aircraft on the wind, tidal currents, high and low water times and water movements at sea, river estuaries and lakes In addition, icing conditions, ice covered water and broken ice flows; (B) the techniques about the most critical moments at take-off, landing, taxiing and mooring the aircraft; (C) the construction methods and characteristics of floats and water rudders and the importance of checking for leaks in the floats; (D) the necessary requirements for the compliance of the rules for the avoidance of collisions at sea, in regard to sea charts, buoys and lights and horns. (ii) after completing the training, the student should be able to: (A) describe the factors that have significance for planning and decision about initiation of seaplane flying and alternative measures for completion of flight; (B) describe how the water level is affected by air pressure, wind, tide, regularisations and the flight safety depending on changes in the water level; (C) describe the origin of different ice conditions in water areas; (D) interpret nautical charts and maps about depths and shoals and risk for water currents, shifts of the wind, turbulence; (E) decide what required equipment to bring during seaplane flying according to the operational requirements; (F) describe the origin and extension of water waves, swells and water currents and their effect on the aeroplane; (G) describe how water and air forces effect the aeroplane on water; (H) describe the effect of water resistance on the aeroplanes' performance on glassy water and during different wave conditions; (I) describe the consequences of taxiing with too high engine RPM; (J) describe the effect of pressure and temperature on performance at take-off and climb from lakes located at higher altitude; (K) describe the effect of wind, turbulence, and other meteorological conditions of special importance for flight over lakes, islands in mountain areas and other broken ground; (L) describe the function of the water rudder and its handling, including the effect of lowered water rudder at take-off and landing; (M) describe the parts of the float installation and their function; (N) describe the effect of the floats on the aeroplanes’ aerodynamics and performance in water and in air; (O) describe the consequences of water in the floats and fouling of float bottoms; (P) describe aviation requirements that apply specifically for the conduct of aircraft activity on water; (Q) describe requirements about animal, nature and environment protection of significance for flight by seaplane, including flight in national parks; (R) describe the meaning of navigation buoys; (S) describe the organisation and working methods of the Sea Rescue Service; (T) describe the requirements in ICAO Annex 2 as set out in paragraph 3.2.6 ‘Water operation’, including relevant parts of the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea. (2) practical training: (i) the aim of the practical training is to learn: (A) the skills in manoeuvring aeroplanes on water and in mooring the aeroplane; (B) the skills required for the reconnaissance of landing and mooring areas from the air, including the take-off area; (C) the skills for assessing the effects of different water depths, shoals, wind, height of waves and swell; (D) the skills for flying with floats about their effect on performance and flight characteristics; (E) the skills for flying in broken ground during different wind and turbulence conditions; (F) the skills for take-off and landing on glassy water, different ° of swell and water current conditions. (ii) after the training, the student should be able to: (A) handle the equipment that shall be brought during seaplane flying; (B) perform pre-flight daily inspection on aeroplane, float installation and special seaplane equipment, including emptying of floats; (C) sail, taxi and turn the aeroplane at swell with correct handling of the water rudder; (D) taxi on the step and perform turns; (E) establish the wind direction with the aeroplane; (F) take necessary actions if loss of steering ability and person falling overboard; (G) make land and moor aeroplane at bridge, buoy and beach with the use of appropriate knots to secure the aircraft; (H) maintain given rate of descent by means of variometer only; (I) perform take-off and landing on glassy water with and without outer references; (J) perform take-off and landing under swell; (K) perform power-off landing; (L) from the air, reconnaissance of landing, mooring and takeoff areas, observing; (M) wind direction and strength during landing and take-off; (N) surrounding terrain; (O) overhead wires and other obstacles above and under water; (P) congested areas; (Q) determine wind direction and assess wind strength from water level and when airborne; (R) state, for the aeroplane type in question; (a) maximum wave height allowed; (b) maximum number of ERPM allowed during taxi; (S) describe how flying with floats affects the performance and flight characteristics of the aeroplane; (T) take corrective action at critical moments due to wind shear and turbulence; (U) navigate on the water with reference to buoys markers, obstacles and other traffic on the water. (c) For the initial issue of class rating sea for SP, SE and ME aeroplanes, the number of multi-choice questions in the written or computer-based examination should at least comprise thirty questions, and may be conducted by the training organisation. The pass mark should be 75 %.