CS 25.125 Landing

• ED Decision 2016/010/R found in: CS-25 Amdt 27 - Large Aeroplanes (Jan 2023)

CS 25.125 Landing ED Decision 2016/010/R (a) The horizontal distance necessary to land and to come to a complete stop from a point 15 m (50 ft) above the landing surface must be determined (for standard temperatures, at each weight, altitude and wind within the operational limits established by the applicant for the aeroplane): (1) In non-icing conditions; and (2) In icing conditions with the most critical of the “Landing Ice” accretion(s) defined in Appendices C and O, as applicable, in accordance with [CS 25.21(g)](#_DxCrossRefBm1709820660), if VREF for icing conditions exceeds VREF for non-icing conditions by more than 9.3 km/h (5 knots) CAS at the maximum landing weight (b) In determining the distance in (a): (1) The aeroplane must be in the landing configuration. (2) A stabilised approach, with a calibrated airspeed of not less than VREF, must be maintained down to the 15 m (50 ft) height. (i) In non-icing conditions, VREF may not be less than: (A) 1.23 VSR0; (B) VMCL established under [CS25.149(f)](#_DxCrossRefBm1709820669); and (C) A speed that provides the manoeuvring capability specified in [CS 25.143(h)](#_DxCrossRefBm1709820670). (ii) In icing conditions, VREF may not be less than: (A) The speed determined in sub-paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this paragraph; (B) 1.23 VSR0 with the most critical of the "Landing Ice" accretion(s) defined in Appendices C and O, as applicable, in accordance with CS 25.21(g), if that speed exceeds VREF for non-icing conditions by more than 9.3 km/h (5 knots) CAS; and (C) A speed that provides the manoeuvring capability specified in [CS 25.143(h)](#_DxCrossRefBm1709820670) with the most critical of the “ Landing ice accretion(s) defined in appendices C and O, as applicable, in accordance with [CS 25.21(g)](#_DxCrossRefBm1709820660). (3) Changes in configuration, power or thrust, and speed, must be made in accordance with the established procedures for service operation. (See [AMC 25.125(b)(3)](#_DxCrossRefBm1709820794).) (4) The landing must be made without excessive vertical acceleration, tendency to bounce, nose over or ground loop. (5) The landings may not require exceptional piloting skill or alertness. (c) The landing distance must be determined on a level, smooth, dry, hard-surfaced runway. (See [AMC 25.125(c)](#_DxCrossRefBm1709820793).) In addition – (1) The pressures on the wheel braking systems may not exceed those specified by the brake manufacturer; (2) The brakes may not be used so as to cause excessive wear of brakes or tyres (see [AMC 25.125(c)(2)](#_DxCrossRefBm1709820792)); and (3) Means other than wheel brakes may be used if that means – (i) Is safe and reliable; (ii) Is used so that consistent results can be expected in service; and (iii) Is such that exceptional skill is not required to control the aeroplane. (d) Reserved. (e) Reserved. (f) The landing distance data must include correction factors for not more than 50% of the nominal wind components along the landing path opposite to the direction of landing, and not less than 150% of the nominal wind components along the landing path in the direction of landing. (g) If any device is used that depends on the operation of any engine, and if the landing distance would be noticeably increased when a landing is made with that engine inoperative, the landing distance must be determined with that engine inoperative unless the use of compensating means will result in a landing distance not more than that with each engine operating. [Amdt 25/3] [Amdt 25/16] [Amdt 25/18]