List of Abbreviations

AEC

airspace encounter category

AEH

airborne electronic hardware

AGL

above ground level

AIP

aeronautical information publication

AMC

acceptable means of compliance

ANSP

air navigation service provider

AO

airspace observer

ARC

air risk class

ATC

air traffic control

ATZ

aerodrome traffic zone

BVLOS

beyond visual line of sight

C2

command and control

C3

command, control and communication

CAA

civil aviation authority

ConOps

concept of operations

COTS

commercial off-the-shelf

CRM

crew resource management

CSP

comprehensive safety portfolio

CTA

controlled aerospace

CTR

controlled traffic region

DAA

detect and avoid

DSSS

direct-sequence spread spectrum

DVR

design verification report

EASA

European Union Aviation Safety Agency

ERM

emergency response manager

ERP

emergency response plan

ERT

emergency response team

EU

European Union

EVLOS

extended visual line of sight

FHSS

frequency-hopping spread spectrum

FIZ

flight information zone

FTB

functional test-based

FTD

flight training device

FTS

flight termination system

GDOP

geometric dilution of precision

GM

guidance material

GNSS

Global Navigation Satellite System

GRC

ground risk class

HF

human factors

HMI

human machine interface

iARC

initial air risk class

ICAO

International Civil Aviation Organization

iGRC

intrinsic ground risk class

ISM

industrial, scientific and medical

JARUS

Joint Authorities for Rulemaking on Unmanned Systems

LACA

low-altitude controlled airspace (below 150 m (500 ft))

MCC

multi-crew cooperation

METAR

aviation routine weather report (in (aeronautical) meteorological code)

MS

Member State

MSO

multiple simultaneous operations

MTOM

maximum take-off mass

NAA

national aviation authority

OFDM

orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing

OM

operations manual

OSO

operational safety objective

PDOP

position dilution of precision

PDRA

predefined risk assessment

RBO

risk-based oversight

RCM

remote crew member

RCP

required communication performance

RF

radio frequency

RLP

required C2 link performance

RMZ

radio mandatory zone

RP

remote pilot

RPS

remote pilot station

SAIL

specific assurance and integrity level

SDS

safety data sheets

SLA

service level agreement

SMM

safety management manual

SMS

safety management system

SORA

specific operations risk assessment

SPECI

aviation selected special weather code in (aeronautical) meteorological code

STS

standard scenario

SW

software

S&A

see and avoid

TAF

terminal area forecast

TCAS

traffic collision avoidance system

TLOS

target level of safety

TMPR

tactical mitigation performance requirement

TMZ

transponder mandatory zone

TOM

take-off mass

UA

unmanned aircraft

UAS

unmanned aircraft system

UAS Regulation

Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947 of 24 May 2019 on the rules and procedures for the operation of unmanned aircraft

USSP

U-space service provider

UTM

UAS traffic management

VHL

very-high-level airspace

VLL

very low level

VLOS

visual line of sight

VO

visual observer