Article 3 - Definitions

For the purposes of this Regulation, the following definitions apply:

(1) ‘unmanned aircraft’ (‘UA’) means any aircraft operating or designed to operate autonomously or to be piloted remotely without a pilot on board;

(2) ‘equipment to control unmanned aircraft remotely’ means any instrument, equipment, mechanism, apparatus, appurtenance, software or accessory that is necessary for the safe operation of a UA other than a part and which is not carried on board that UA;

(3) ‘unmanned aircraft system’ (‘UAS’) means an unmanned aircraft, as defined in Article 3 point (30) of Regulation (EU) 2018/1139[181], and its control and monitoring unit;

(4) ‘unmanned aircraft system operator’ (‘UAS operator’) means any legal or natural person operating or intending to operate one or more UAS;

(5) ‘open’ category’ means a category of UAS operations that is defined in Article 4 of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947;

(6) ‘specific’ category means a category of UAS operations that is defined in Article 5 of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947;

(7) ‘certified’ category means a category of UAS operation that is defined in Article 6 of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947;

(8) ‘Union harmonisation legislation’ means any Union legislation harmonising the conditions for placing products on the market;

(9) ‘accreditation’ means accreditation as defined in paragraph 10 of Article 2 of Regulation (EC) No 765/2008;

(10) ‘conformity assessment’ means the process demonstrating whether the specified requirements relating to a product have been fulfilled;

(11) ‘conformity assessment body’ means a body that performs conformity assessment activities including calibration, testing, certification and inspection;

(12) ‘CE marking’ means a marking by which the manufacturer indicates that the product is in conformity with the applicable requirements set out in Union harmonisation legislation providing for its affixing;

(13) ‘manufacturer’ means any natural or legal person who manufactures a product or has a product designed or manufactured, and markets that product under their name or trademark;

(14) ‘authorised representative’ means any natural or legal person established within the Union who has received a written mandate from a manufacturer to act on his behalf in relation to specified tasks;

(15) ‘importer’ means any natural or legal person established within the Union who places a product from a third country on the Union market;

(16) ‘distributor’ means any natural or legal person in the supply chain, other than the manufacturer or the importer, who makes a product available on the market;

(17) ‘economic operators’ means the manufacturer, the authorised representative of the manufacturer, the importer, and the distributor of the UAS;

(18) ‘making available on the market’ means any supply of a product for distribution, consumption or use in the Union market in the course of a commercial activity, whether in exchange of payment or free of charge;

(19) ‘placing on the market’ means the first making available of a product on the Union market;

(20) ‘harmonised standard’ means a harmonised standard as defined in point (c) of Article 2(1) of Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012;

(21) ‘technical specification’ means a document that establishes technical requirements to be fulfilled by a product, process or service;

(22) ‘privately built UAS’ means a UAS assembled or manufactured for the builder’s own use, not including UAS assembled from a set of parts placed on the market by the manufacturer as a single ready-to-assemble kit;

(23) ‘market surveillance authority’ means an authority of a Member State responsible for carrying out market surveillance on its territory;

(24) ‘recall’ means any measure aimed at achieving the return of a product that has already been made available to the end-user;

(25) ‘withdrawal’ means any measure aimed at preventing a product in the supply chain from being made available on the market;

(26) ‘single European sky airspace’ means airspace above the territory to which the Treaties apply, as well as any other airspace where Member States apply Regulation (EC) No 551/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council [182] in accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 1 of that Regulation;

(27) ‘remote pilot’ means a natural person responsible for safely conducting the flight of a UA by operating its flight controls, either manually or, when the UA flies automatically, by monitoring its course and remaining able to intervene and change its course at any time;

(28) ‘maximum take-off mass’ (‘MTOM’) means the maximum UA mass, including payload and fuel, as defined by the manufacturer or the builder, at which the UA can be operated;

(29) ‘payload’ means any instrument, mechanism, equipment, part, apparatus, appurtenance, or accessory, including communications equipment, that is installed in or attached to the aircraft, and is not used or intended to be used in operating or controlling an aircraft in flight, and is not part of an airframe, engine, or propeller;

(30) ‘follow-me mode’ means a mode of operation of a UAS where the unmanned aircraft constantly follows the remote pilot within a predetermined radius;

(31) ‘direct remote identification’ means a system that ensures the local broadcast of information about a UA in operation, including the marking of the UA, so that this information can be obtained without physical access to the UA;

(32) ‘geo-awareness’ means a function that, based on the data provided by Member States, detects a potential breach of airspace limitations and alerts the remote pilots so that they can take effective immediate and action to prevent that breach;

(33) ‘sound power level L_WA’ means the A-weighted sound power in dB in relation to 1 pW as defined in EN ISO 3744:2010;

(34) ‘measured sound power level’ means a sound power level as determined from measurements as laid down in Part 13 of the Annex; measured values may be determined either from a single UA representative for the type of equipment or from the average of a number of UA;

(35) ‘guaranteed sound power level’ means a sound power level determined in accordance with the requirements laid down in Part 13 of the Annex which includes the uncertainties due to production variation and measurement procedures and where the manufacturer, or his authorised representative established in the Community, confirms that according to the technical instruments applied and referred to in the technical documentation it is not exceeded;

(36) ‘hovering’ means staying in the same geographical position in the air;

(37) ‘assemblies of people’ means gatherings where persons are unable to move away due to the density of the people present;

(38) ‘control and monitoring unit’ (‘CMU’) means the equipment to control and monitor unmanned aircraft remotely, as defined in Article 3 point (32) of Regulation (EU) 2018/1139;

(39) ‘C2 link’ means the data link between the unmanned aircraft and the CMU for the purposes of managing the flight;

(40) ‘night’ means the hours between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight as defined in Implementing Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 [183].