When can expert judgement be used instead of a detailed measurement of safety barrier efficiency?

Expert judgement may be sufficient to measure the efficiency of safety barriers for organisations facing a lower level of risk.

Is it mandatory for a GH organisation to use software or tools to manage its safety management system?

No, for organisations facing a lower level of risk, there may be no need for software or tools to manage the SMS.

How extensive does the communication policy need to be for a low-risk organisation?

For a low-risk organisation, the communication policy may be limited.

Which ICAO document provides safety risk and tolerability matrices that may be used to determine risk tolerability?

ICAO Doc 9859, Safety Management Manual, provides safety risk and safety risk tolerability matrices that may be used to determine the tolerability of safety risks within the organisation.

Are GH organisations required to use the ICAO safety risk matrix, or can they use other models?

The GH organisation may use other models to assess and manage safety risk; the ICAO safety risk matrix is not mandatory.

According to the ICAO safety risk tolerability matrix, what action is required for a safety risk index of 4A?

A safety risk index of 4A is classified as INTOLERABLE, requiring immediate action to mitigate the risk or stop the activity, and priority safety risk mitigation to bring the index down to tolerable.

What is the recommended action for a safety risk index of 2C according to the ICAO tolerability matrix?

A safety risk index of 2C is classified as TOLERABLE, meaning it can be tolerated based on safety risk mitigation and may require management decision to accept the risk.

Which safety risk indices are considered ACCEPTABLE with no further mitigation required?

The safety risk indices 3E, 2D, 2E, 1B, 1C, 1D, and 1E are considered ACCEPTABLE, meaning acceptable as is with no further safety risk mitigation required.

What does the ICAO safety risk tolerability matrix recommend for a risk index of 5D?

A safety risk index of 5D is classified as TOLERABLE, meaning it can be tolerated based on safety risk mitigation and may require management decision to accept the risk.

For a risk index of 1A, what action does the ICAO tolerability matrix require?

A safety risk index of 1A is classified as TOLERABLE, meaning it can be tolerated based on safety risk mitigation and may require management decision to accept the risk.

What is the safety risk description for an index of 3A in the ICAO tolerability matrix?

A safety risk index of 3A is classified as INTOLERABLE, requiring immediate action to mitigate the risk or stop the activity, and priority safety risk mitigation to bring the index down to tolerable.

Which safety risk indices are listed as INTOLERABLE in the ICAO tolerability matrix?

The INTOLERABLE safety risk indices are 5A, 5B, 5C, 4A, 4B, and 3A.

What is the safety risk description for an index of 2E in the ICAO tolerability matrix?

A safety risk index of 2E is classified as ACCEPTABLE, meaning acceptable as is with no further safety risk mitigation required.

What is the safety risk description for an index of 4C in the ICAO tolerability matrix?

A safety risk index of 4C is classified as TOLERABLE, meaning it can be tolerated based on safety risk mitigation and may require management decision to accept the risk.

What is the safety risk description for an index of 1B in the ICAO tolerability matrix?

A safety risk index of 1B is classified as ACCEPTABLE, meaning acceptable as is with no further safety risk mitigation required.

What is the safety risk description for an index of 5E in the ICAO tolerability matrix?

A safety risk index of 5E is classified as TOLERABLE, meaning it can be tolerated based on safety risk mitigation and may require management decision to accept the risk.

What is the safety risk description for an index of 3D in the ICAO tolerability matrix?

A safety risk index of 3D is classified as TOLERABLE, meaning it can be tolerated based on safety risk mitigation and may require management decision to accept the risk.

GM1 ORGH.MGM.200(b)(2) General requirements for the management system

Q: For an organisation facing a lower level of risk, what simplifications are acceptable in its safety risk assessment model?

For organisations facing a lower level of risk, the safety risk assessment model may be very simple if the hazards identified are easy to mitigate.

Q: What limitations on data collection and safety information are acceptable for a low-risk organisation?

For a low-risk organisation, the collection of data, including on occurrences, and consequently the safety information may be very limited.

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GM1 ORGH.MGM.200(b)(2) General requirements for the management system

ED Decision 2025/007/R

SAFETY RISK MANAGEMENT

(a) The scalability and suitability of the safety management system are expected to be a function of the inherent safety‑risk‑related capabilities of the organisation. For example, complex structures are usually exposed to complex risks, which require a robust safety risk management process. Or, for organisations facing a lower level of risk:

(1) the safety risk assessment model may be very simple if the hazards identified are easy to mitigate;

(2) expert judgement may be sufficient to measure the efficiency of safety barriers;

(3) the collection of data, including on occurrences, and consequently the safety information may be very limited;

(4) there may be no need for software or tools to manage the SMS; and

(5) the communication policy may be limited.

(b) The safety risk and safety risk tolerability matrices provided in ICAO Doc 9859, Safety Management Manual, may be used to determine the tolerability of the safety risks within the organisation. Nevertheless, the GH organisation may use other models to assess and manage the safety risk.

The ICAO safety risk matrix:

*Safety risk*	*Severity*
*Probability*	Catastrophic A	Hazardous B	Major C	Minor D	Negligible E
Frequent 5	5A	5B	5C	5D	5E
Occasional 4	4A	4B	4C	4D	4E
Remote 3	3A	3B	3C	3D	3E
Improbable 2	2A	2B	2C	2D	2E
Extremely improbable 1	1A	1B	1C	1D	1E

The ICAO safety risk tolerability matrix:

*Safety risk tolerability: Safety risk index range*	*Safety risk description*	*Recommended action*
5A, 5B, 5C, 4A, 4B, 3A	INTOLERABLE	Take immediate action to mitigate the risk or stop the activity. Perform priority safety risk mitigation to ensure additional or enhanced preventative controls are in place to bring down the safety risk index to tolerable.
5D, 5E, 4C, 4D, 4E, 3B, 3C, 3D, 2A, 2B, 2C, 1A	TOLERABLE	Can be tolerated based on the safety risk mitigation. It may require management decision to accept the risk.
3E, 2D, 2E, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E	ACCEPTABLE	Acceptable as is. No further safety risk mitigation required.

Details

Source-Title: GM1 ORGH.MGM.200(b)(2) General requirements for the management system View latest amendments

Erulesid: ERULES-1963177438-23602 Compare versions

Domain: Ground Handling

Amendedby: Issue 1

Applicabilitydate: 27 March, 2028

Entryintoforcedate: 8 July, 2025

Regulatorysource: ED Decision 2025/007/R Navigate

Regulatorysubject: Part-ORGH

Typeofcontent: GM to DR

Origin: EASA

Category: EAR