CS-VLA 497 Supplementary conditions for tail wheels
ED Decision 2003/18/RM
In determining the ground loads on the tail wheel and affected supporting structures, the following apply:
(a) For the obstruction load, the limit ground reaction obtained in the tail down landing condition is assumed to act up and aft through the axle at 45°. The shock absorber and tyre may be assumed to be in their static positions.
(b) For the side load, a limit vertical ground reaction equal to the static load on the tail wheel, in combination with a side component of equal magnitude, is assumed. In addition
(1) If a swivel is used, the tail wheel is assumed to be swivelled 90° to the aeroplane longitudinal axis with the resultant ground load passing through the axle;
(2) If a lock, steering device, or shimmy damper is used, the tail wheel is also assumed to be in the trailing position with the side load acting at the ground contact point; and
(3) The shock absorber and tyre are assumed to be in their static positions.
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