AMC VLA 1581  Specimen Flight Manual For A Very Light Aeroplane

ED Decision 2003/18/RM

See following pages.

Model:

Serial No:

Registration:

Document No. (If appropriate):

Date of Issue:

Pages identified by 'Appr.' are approved by:

Signature:

Agency:

Stamp:

Original date of approval:

This aeroplane is to be operated in compliance with information and limitations contained herein.

(Model Designation or Document No.)

H0.1                        Record of revisions

Any revision of the present manual, except actual weighing data, must be recorded in the following table and in case of approved Sections endorsed by the Agency.

The new or amended text in the revised pages will be indicated by a black vertical line in the left hand margin, and the Revision No. and the date will be shown on the bottom left hand side of the page.

(Model Designation or Document No.)

H0.2                        List of Effective Pages

(Model Designation or Document No.)

H0.3                        Table of Contents

Section

(Model Designation or Document No.)

Section 1

H1                           General

H1.1                        Introduction

H1.2                        Certification basis

H1.3                        Warnings, cautions and notes

H1.4                        Descriptive data

H1.5                        Three-view drawing

(Model Designation or Document No.)

H1. 1                       Introduction

The aeroplane Flight Manual has been prepared to provide pilots and instructors with information for the safe and efficient operation of this very light aeroplane.

This manual includes the 'material required to be furnished to the pilot of CS-VLA. It also contains supplemental data supplied by the aeroplane manufacturer.

H1.2                        Certification basis

This type of aircraft has been approved by the European Aviation Safety Agency in accordance with CS-VLA including Amendment ........................ and the Type Certificate No. ........................ has been issued on (date) .....................

Category of Airworthiness: Normal

Noise Certification Basis: ....................

H1.3                        Warnings, cautions and notes

The following definitions apply to warnings, cautions and notes used in the flight manual.

WARNING: means that the non-observation of the corresponding procedure leads to an immediate or important degradation of the flight safety.

CAUTION: means that the non-observation of the corresponding procedure leads to a minor or to a more or less long term degradation of the flight safety.

NOTE: draws the attention to any special item not directly related to safety but which is important or unusual.

H1.4                        Descriptive data

(Kind of very light aeroplane)

(Design details)

(Engine and propeller)

(Span, length, height, MAC, wing area, wing loading)

H1.5                        Three-view drawing

(Model Designation or Document No.)

Section 2

H2                           Limitations

H2.1                        Introduction

H2.2                        Airspeed

H2.3                        Airspeed indicator markings

H2.4                        Powerplant

H2.5                        Powerplant instrument markings

H2.6                        Miscellaneous instrument markings

H2.7                        Weight

H2.8                        Centre of gravity

H2.9                        Approved manoeuvres

H2.10                     Manoeuvring load factors

H2.11                     Flight crew

H2.12                     Kinds of operation

H2.13                     Fuel

H2.14                     Maximum passenger seating

H2.15                     Other limitations

H2.16                     Limitation placards

(Model Designation or Document No.)

H2.1                        Introduction

Section 2 includes operating limitations, instrument markings, and basic placards necessary for safe operation of the aeroplane, its engine, standard systems and standard equipment.

The limitations included in this section and in Section 9 have been approved by European Aviation Safety Agency.

H2.2                        Airspeed

Airspeed limitations and their operational significance are shown below -

(Model Designation or Document No.)

H2.3                        Airspeed indicator markings

Airspeed indicator markings and their colour-code significance are shown below –

H2.4                        Powerplant

Engine Manufacturer:

Engine Model:

Maximum Power, Take-off:

 Continuous:

Maximum Engine rpm at MSL, Take-off:

 Continuous:

Maximum Cylinder Head Temperature:

Maximum Oil Temperature:

Oil Pressure, Minimum:

 Maximum:

Fuel pressure, Minimum:

 Maximum:

Fuel Grade (Specification):

Oil Grade (Specification):

Propeller Manufacturer:

(Model Designation or Document No.)

Propeller Model:

Propeller Diameter, Minimum:

 Maximum:

Propeller Blade Angle (at 75% station), low:

high:

Propeller Rotational speed restrictions (if applicable):

H2.5                        Powerplant instrument markings

Powerplant instrument markings and their colour code significance are shown below:

H2.6                        Miscellaneous instrument markings

(Limitations and markings for miscellaneous instruments, such as vacuum pressure instrument gauge, must be provided, as appropriate.)

H2.7                        Weight

Maximum Take-off weight:

Maximum Landing weight:

Maximum Zero Fuel weight:

Maximum weight in Baggage Compartment:

H2.8                        Centre of gravity

Centre of gravity range (specified for Minimum Flight Weight up to Maximum Take-off weight)

Reference datum

H2.9                        Approved manoeuvres

This aeroplane is certified in the Normal Category.

(Manoeuvres which are approved must be listed herein with the appropriate entry speeds).

(Model Designation or Document No.)

H2.10                     Manoeuvring load factors

(Maximum positive and negative load factors under different conditions must be listed herein.)

H2.11                     Flight crew

(A statement of the minimum crew must be provided.)

H2.12                     Kinds of operation

(Herein must be listed the approved kinds of operation according to CS-VLA 1525 and the minimum equipment required for each kind of operation.)

H2.13                     Fuel

(Tank capacity) Total fuel:

Usable fuel

Unusable fuel:

Approved fuel grades:

(Special instructions for fuel management)

(Special instructions for fuel/oil-mixing in case of two-stroke engine.)

H2.14                     Maximum passenger seating

(Any limit of number or weight of passengers should be stated.)

H2.15                     Other limitations

(Provide a statement of any limitations required, but not specifically covered in this Section.)

H2.16                     Limitation placards

(The operating limitation placard required in CS-VLA 1559 should be illustrated.)

Remark: For further placards refer to Maintenance Manual Doc. No. ...............

(Model Designation or Document No.)

Section 3

H3                           Emergency procedures (approved)

H3.1                        Introduction

H3.2                        Engine failure (carburettor icing)

H3.3                        Air start

H3.4                        Smoke and fire

H3.5                        Glide

H3.6                        Landing emergency

H3.7                        Recovery from unintentional spin

H3.8                        Other emergencies

(Model Designation or Document No.)

H3.1                        Introduction

Section 3 provides checklist and amplified procedures for coping with emergencies that may occur. Emergencies caused by aeroplanes or engine malfunction are extremely rare if proper preflight inspections and maintenance are practised.

However, should an emergency arise, the basic guidelines described in this section should be considered and applied as necessary to correct the problem.

H3.2                        Engine failure

(Procedures should be provided for all cases of engine failure during take-off and flight.)

H3.3                        Air start

(Procedures should be provided for starting the engine in flight and, if the engine does not start, for subsequent actions. The altitude and speed range for air start of the engine should be indicated.)

H3.4                        Smoke and fire

(Procedures should be provided for coping with cases of smoke or fire in the cabin or in the engine compartment in the following flight phases:

(a)                            On ground

(b)                            During take-off

(c)                            In flight.)

H3.5                        Glide

(Information and procedures should be provided for a gliding descent, including:

The recommended airspeed,

The associated configuration, and

The distance from a specified height above ground that an aeroplane will glide or the glide ratio.)

H3.6                        Landing emergencies

(Procedures should be provided for the various landing emergencies under the following conditions:

(a)                            Precautionary landings

(b)                            With a flat tyre

(c)                            With a defective landing gear

(d)                            With power, landing gear retracted

(e)                            Without power, landing gear retracted

(f)                             Approach and landings with flaps retracted, if flapless landings require any special technique.)

H3.7                        Recovery from unintentional spin

(The spin recovery procedure should be explained, other than for those aeroplanes which have been shown to be ‘characteristically incapable of spinning’. A discussion of prevention of spins should be included with the statement that the aeroplane is not approved for spins.)

H3.8                        Other emergencies

(Emergency procedures and other pertinent information necessary for safe operations should be provided for emergencies peculiar to a particular aeroplane design, operating or handling characteristics.)

(Model Designation or Document No.)

Section 4

H4                           Normal procedures

H4.1                        Introduction

H4.2                        Rigging and derigging (if appropriate)

H4.3                        Daily inspection

H4.4                        Preflight inspection

H4.5                        Normal procedures and check list

(Model Designation or Document No.)

H4.1                        Introduction

Section 4 provides checklist and amplified procedures for the conduct of normal operation Normal procedures associated with optional systems can be found in Section 9.

H4.5                        Normal procedures and checklist

(This chapter should contain the recommended normal procedures for the following phases of flight after the performed preflight inspection listed under 4.4:

(a)                            Before starting engine

(b)                            Use of external power

(c)                            Engine starting

(d)                            Before taxying

(e)                            Taxying

(f)                             Check before take-off

(g)                            Take-off

(h)                            Climb

(i)                             Cruise

(j)                             Descent

(k)                            Check before landing

(1)                            Balked landing

(m)                          After landing

(n)                            Engine shutdown

(o)                            Postflight ELT

If take-off, flight and landing characteristics are different in rain this should be specially stated herein.)

(Model Designation or Document No.)

Section 5

H5                           Performance (partly approved)

H5.1                        Introduction

H5.2                        Approved data

H5.2.1 Airspeed indicator system calibration

H5.2.2 Stall speeds

H5.2.3 Take-off performance

H5.2.4 Landing distances

H5.2.5 Climb performance

H5.3                        Additional information

H5.3.1 Cruise

H5.3.2 Endurance

H5.3.3 Balked landing climb

H5.3.4 Take-off measurements

H5.3.5 Effect on flight performance and characteristics

H5.3.6 Demonstrated crosswind performance

H5.3.7 Noise data

(Model Designation or Document No.)

H5.1                        Introduction

Section 5 provides approved data for airspeed calibration, stall speeds and take-off performance and non-approved additional information.

The data in the charts has been computed from actual flight tests with the aeroplane and engine in good condition and using average piloting techniques.

H5.2                        Approved data

H5.2.1 Airspeed indicator system calibration

(The data should be presented as Calibrated Airspeed (CAS) versus Indicated Airspeed (IAS) assuming zero instrument error. The presentation should include all flap setting configurations and should cover the appropriate speed operating range.)

H5.2.2 Stall speed

(The data should be presented as indicated airspeed and calibrated airspeed versus flap setting configurations and angle of bank at maximum weight with throttle closed. Altitude loss of more than 30 m and pitch below the horizon of more than thirty degrees during recovery from stalls should be added if applicable.)

H5.2.3 Take-off performance

(Ground roll distance and take-off distance over a 15 m obstacle should be presented as distance versus outside air temperature, altitude and wind. The speeds required to attain these distances should be scheduled in indicated airspeed (IAS). The presentation should incorporate the calculated approximate effect on take-off performances of temperature and altitude.)

H5.2.4 Landing distances

(The ground roll distance and the landing distance over a 15 m obstacle should be presented as distance versus outside temperature, altitude and wind. The speed(s) at the 15 m height point required to obtain the distances should be included. The presentation should incorporate the calculated approximate effect on landing performances of temperature and altitude.)

H5.2.5 Climb performance

(The data should be presented as rate-of-climb, versus outside air temperature and altitude at maximum take-off weight and maximum continuous power (MCP).

Climb speeds should be either the best rate-of-climb speeds or an average best rate-of-climb speed and scheduled in indicated airspeed (IAS).)

(Model Designation or Document No.)

H5.3                        Additional. information

H5.3.1 Cruise

(The data should be presented as engine power settings and true air speed (TAS) versus altitude and temperature.)

H5.3.2 Endurance

(The data should be presented as endurance time of aeroplane versus altitude for various power settings and at least a full fuel loading.)

H5.3.3 Balked landing climb.

(The data should be presented as rate-of-climb versus outside temperature and altitude at maximum landing weight and maximum take-off power with flaps in full extended position and landing gear retracted (if appropriate).)

H5.3.4 Take off measurement from a dry, short-mown grass surface.

H5.3.5 Effect on flight performances and characteristics caused by rain or accumulation of insects.

H5.3.6 Demonstrated crosswind performance.

(The maximum crosswind speed at which landings have been demonstrated should be presented.)

H5.3.7 Noise data.

(The noise data, approved according to the environmental rules, should be presented.)

(Model Designation or Document No.)

Section 6

H6                           Weight and balance

H6.1                        Introduction

H6.2                        Weight and balance record and permitted payload range

(Model Designation or Document No.)

H6.1                        Introduction

This section contains the payload range within which the aeroplane may be safely operated.

Procedures for weighing the aircraft and the calculation method for establishing the permitted payload range and a comprehensive list of all equipment available for this aircraft and the installed equipment during the weighing of the aircraft are contained in the applicable Maintenance Manual Doc. No. ....................

H6.2                        Weight and balance record permitted payload range

Condition: Aircraft in the range from max. fuel of ........ kg to min. Fuel of .......kg.

For calculation of max. and min. Crew + passenger weight refer to Maintenance Manual Doc. No. .......

Condition: Aircraft in the range from max. fuel of ........ kg to min. Fuel of .......kg.

For calculation of max. and min. Crew + passenger weight refer to Maintenance Manual Doc. No. .......

(Model Designation or Document No.)

Section 7

H7                           Aeroplane and system description

H7.1                        Introduction

H7.2                        Airframe

H7.3                        Flight controls (including Flap and Trim)

H7.4                        Instrument panel

H7.5                        Landing gear system

H7.6                        Seats and safety harness

H7.7                        Baggage compartment

H7.8                        Doors, windows and exits

H7.9                        Powerplant

H7.10                     Fuel system

H7.11                     Electrical system

H7.12                     Pitot and static pressure systems

H7.13                     Miscellaneous equipment

H7.14                     Avionics

(Model Designation or Document No.)

H7.1                        Introduction

This section provides description and operation of the aeroplane and its systems. Refer to Section 9, Supplements, for details of optional systems and equipment.

H7.2                        Airframe

(Describe structure of fuselage, wings and empennage.)

H7.3                        Flight controls

(Describe control surfaces, including flaps.

Describe operating mechanism - sketches may be provided.

Explain trimming arrangements.

Explain any interconnect arrangement.)

H7.4                        Instrument panel

(Provide a drawing or picture of the instrument panel.

Name and explain the use of the instruments, lights, controls, switches and circuit breakers installed on or near the panel.)

H7.5                        Landing gear system

(Describe construction.

Describe retraction mechanism if provided.

Describe brake system.

Describe emergency extension system if provided.)

H7.6                        Seats and safety harness

(Describe how to adjust the seats.

Describe how to use the safety harness.)

H7.7                        Baggage compartment

(Describe location and tie down provisions.

Explain restrictions regarding weight and kind of baggage.)

(Model Designation or Document No.)

H7.8                        Doors, windows and exits

(Describe how to operate and lock doors, windows and exits.

Explain how to close a door or window if it opens unintentionally in flight and any restrictions necessary.

Explain the use of emergency exits.)

H7.9                        Powerplant

(Describe the engine, the engine controls ' and instrumentation. Describe the propeller and explain how the propeller should operate.)

H7.10                     Fuel system

(Describe the system by a good schematic and explain the operation.

Explain unusable fuel.

Explain the fuel measuring system and the fuel venting system.

Explain how to avoid and notice fuel contamination.)

H7.11                     Electrical system

(Describe the system by use of simplified schematics.

Explain how this system operates including warning and control devices.

Explain circuit protection.

Discuss capacity and load shedding.)

H7.12                     Pilot and static pressure sytrems

(Describe pitot and static pressure systems.)

H7.13                     Miscellaneous equipment

(Describe important equipment not already covered.)

H7.14                     Avionics

(Describe items installed by the aircraft manufacturer and explain their functions and how they are operated.)

(Model Designation or Document No.)

Section 8

H8                           Aeroplane handling, servicing and maintenance

H8.1                        Introduction

H8.2                        Aeroplane inspection periods

H8.3                        Aeroplane alterations or repairs

H8.4                        Ground handling/Road transport

H8.5                        Cleaning and care

(Model Designation or Document No.)

H8.1                        Introduction

This section contains factory-recommended procedures for proper ground handling and servicing of the aeroplane. It also identifies certain inspection and maintenance requirements which must be followed if the aeroplane is to retain that new-plane performance and dependability. It is wise to follow a planned schedule of lubrication and preventive maintenance based on climatic and flying conditions encountered.

H8.2                        Aeroplane inspection period

(Reference to Maintenance Manual of the aeroplane.)

H8.3                        Aeroplane alterations or repairs

It is essential that the Agency be contacted prior to any alterations on the aeroplane to ensure that airworthiness of the plane is not violated. For repairs refer to the applicable Maintenance Manual Doc. No. ,... ... .. ...

H8.4                        Ground handling/ Road transport (f applicable) plain the following procedures:

(a)                            Towing (b) Parking

(c)                            Mooring

(d)                            Jacking

(e)                            Levelling

(f)                             Road transport (if applicable) including dissembling for road transport and assembling after road transport.)

H8.5 Cleaning and care

(Describe cleaning procedures for the following aircraft items:

(a)                            Painted exterior surfaces

(b)                            Propeller

(c)                            Engine

(d)                            Interior surfaces, seats and carpets, and explain the recommended cleaning agents and give caution notes, if necessary.) Section 9

(Model Designation or Document No.)

Section 9

H9                           Supplements

H9.1                        Introduction

H9.2                        List of inserted supplements

H9.3                        Supplements inserted

(Model Designation or Document No.)

H9.1                        Introduction

This section contains the appropriate supplements necessary to safely and efficiently operate the aeroplane when equipped with various optional systems and equipment not provided with the standard aeroplane.

H9.2                        List of inserted supplements

(Model Designation or Document No.)

H9.3                        Supplements inserted

(Each supplement should normally cover only a single system, device or piece of equipment such as an autopilot, ski or navigation system. The supplement may be issued by the aeroplane manufacturer or by any other manufacturer of the applicable item.

The supplement must be approved by the Agency and must contain all deviations and changes relative to the basic Flight Manual.

Each supplement should be a self-contained, miniature Flight Manual with at least the following:

Section 1 General

The purpose of the supplement and the system or equipment to which it specifically applies should be stated.

Section 2 Limitations

Any change to the limitations, markings or placards of the basic Flight Manual should be stated. If there is no change, a statement to that effect should be made.

Section 3 Emergency procedures

Any addition or change to the basic emergency procedures of the Flight Manual should be stated. If there is no change, a statement to that effect should be made.

Section 4 Normal procedures

Any addition or change to the basic normal procedures of the Flight Manual should be stated. If there is no change, a statement to that effect should be made.

Section 5 Performance

Any effect of the subject installation upon aeroplane performance as shown in the basic Flight Manual should be indicated. If there is no change, a statement to that effect should be made.

Section 6 Weight and balance

Any effect of the subject installation upon weight and balance of the aeroplane should be indicated. If there is no change, a statement to that effect should be made.)