GM1 ORA.ATO.125 Training programme

ED Decision 2019/005/R

UPSET PREVENTION AND RECOVERY TRAINING (UPRT)

(a) General

The objective of the UPRT is to ensure that pilots are competent to prevent or recover from a developing or developed aeroplane upset. Prevention training prepares pilots to avoid upsets whereas recovery training prepares pilots to prevent an accident once an upset condition has developed.

(b) Human factors

Threat and Error Management (TEM) and Crew Resource Management (CRM) principles should be integrated into the UPRT. In particular, the surprise and startle effect as well as the importance of resilience development should be emphasised.

Training should also emphasise that an actual upset condition may expose pilots to significant physiological and psychological challenges, such as visual illusions, spatial disorientation and unusual G-forces, with the objective of developing strategies to deal with such challenges.

(c) Development of training scenarios

During the development of training scenarios, the ATO should ensure that all of the following is avoided:

(a) negative training and negative transfer of training; and

(b) training utilising predictive scenarios.

Please refer to Revision 2 of the Airplane Upset Recovery Training Aid (AURTA) for further guidance on the development of training scenarios.

(d) Additional guidance

Specific guidance to the UPRT elements and exercises is available in:

(1) the latest revision of the ICAO Doc 10011 ‘Manual on Aeroplane Upset Prevention and Recovery Training’;

(2) Revision 3 of the Airplane Upset Prevention and Recovery Training Aid (AUPRTA); and

(3) the Flight Safety Foundation publication ‘A Practical Guide for Improving Flight Path Monitoring’, November 2014.

(e) Training platform

(1) When designing a training course, ATOs should select aeroplanes that are suitable for all the required training exercises. Where certain exercises require particular capabilities, then an ATO may consider the use of different aeroplanes for different exercises. Examples include basic UPRT or instrument flight training and the advanced UPRT course.

(2) For basic UPRT training conducted during the CPL or ATP courses, it is not anticipated that aerobatic category aeroplanes will be required or that aircraft need to be certificated for intentional spins. Aeroplanes with a maximum bank angle limitation may not be suitable for exercises such as steep turns or recovery from spiral dive.

(3) For the advanced UPRT course (FCL.745), the use of an aeroplane certificated in the aerobatic category will provide the greatest safety margin. Aeroplanes certificated in the normal or utility category may also be suitable provided the exercises used during the training take into account the capabilities of the aeroplane and are planned to remain within the training envelope for the aeroplane, as determined by the ATO (see point (f)).

(f) Training envelope

The training envelope is the envelope within which all training exercises will be carried out. It should be specified by the ATO in terms of the range of attitudes, speed and g-loads that can be used for training, taking into account:

(1) the training environment;

(2) the capabilities of the instructors; and

(3) in the case of training in FSTDs, the limitations of the FSTD (as per GM3 FCL.010 for the FSTD training envelope); and

(4) in the case of training in aeroplanes, the capabilities and certification of the aircraft, while considering a margin of safety in order to ensure that unintentional deviations from the training envelope will not exceed aircraft limitations. Different training envelopes may be specified for different aeroplane types even within a single training course.