A.

Aerodynamics

1.

General aerodynamic characteristics

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2.

Aeroplane certification and limitations

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4.

Aerodynamics (high and low altitude)

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5.

Aeroplane performance (high and low altitude)

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6.

AoA and stall awareness

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7.

Aeroplane stability

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8.

Control surface fundamentals

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9.

Use of trim

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10.

Icing and contamination effects

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11.

Propeller slipstream (as applicable)

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B.

Causes of and contributing factors to upsets

1.

Environmental

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2.

Pilot-induced

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3.

Mechanical (aeroplane systems)

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C.

Safety review of accidents and incidents relating to aeroplane upsets

1.

Safety review of accidents and incidents relating to aeroplane upsets

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D.

G-load awareness and management

1.

Positive/negative/increasing/decreasing G-loads

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2.

Lateral G awareness (sideslip)

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3.

G-load management

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E.

Energy management

1.

Kinetic energy vs potential energy vs chemical energy (power)

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F.

Flight path management

1.

Relationship between pitch, power and performance

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2.

Performance and effects of differing power plants

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3.

Manual and automation inputs for guidance and control (if applicable)

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4.

Class-specific characteristics of flight path management

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5.

Management of go-arounds from various stages during the approach

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6.

Automation management (if applicable)

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7.

Proper use of rudder

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G.

Recognition

1.

Class-specific examples of physiological, visual and instrument clues during developing and developed upset

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2.

Pitch/power/roll/yaw

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3.

Effective scanning (effective monitoring)

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4.

Stall protection systems and cues

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5.

Criteria for identifying stalls and upsets

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H.

System malfunction

(including immediate handling and subsequent operational considerations, as applicable)

1.

Flight control defects

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2.

Engine failure (partial or full)

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3.

Instrument failures

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4.

Loss of reliable airspeed (training elements as per point (lb) of AMC2 ORA.ATO.125[15]).

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5.

Automation failures

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6.

Stall protection system failures, including icing alerting systems

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Table 2: Manoeuvre-based basic UPRT exercises

Pre-flight briefing

Flying training

A.

Timely and appropriate intervention

1.

Arresting divergence of the aeroplane from intended flight path

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2.

Preventing flight at airspeeds inappropriate for the (intended flight) condition

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3.

Avoiding spins

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B.

Flight path management

1.

Steep turns

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2.

Slow flight (including flight at critically low airspeed)

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3.

High airspeed (including flight at relatively high airspeed)

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C.

Application of OEM recommendations (if applicable) during developing upsets

1.

Nose-high attitudes at various bank angles

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2.

Nose-low attitudes at various bank angles (including spiral dive)

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D.

Stall events in the following configurations

1.

Take-off configuration

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2.

Clean configuration

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3.

Landing configuration

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Table 3: Core elements and components of TEM, pilot competencies and human factors

Pre-flight briefing

Flying training

A.

TEM

1.

TEM framework

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2.

Recognition of threats and errors

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3.

Management of threats and errors

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4.

Countermeasures against threats and errors to prevent undesired aircraft states, including early intervention and, when necessary to prevent upsets, timely application of countermeasures to manage undesired aircraft states

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B.

Pilot Competencies, including CRM

1.

All elements listed in Table 1 of GM2 FCL.735.A

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C.

Human factors

1.

Instrument interpretation, active monitoring, checking

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2.

Distraction, inattention, fixation, fatigue

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3.

Human information processing, cognitive effects

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4.

Perceptual illusions (visual or physiological) and spatial disorientation, effects of G-loads

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5.

Stress, startle and surprise effect

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6.

Intuitive and counter-intuitive behaviour

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•