On radio aids

±5°

For ‘angular’ deviations

Half-scale deflection, azimuth and glide path (e.g. LPV, ILS, MLS, GLS)

2D (LNAV) and 3D (LNAV/VNAV) ‘linear’ lateral deviations

Cross-track error/deviation shall normally be limited to ± ½ the RNP value associated with the procedure. Brief deviations from this standard up to a maximum of one time the RNP value are allowable.

3D linear vertical deviations (e.g. RNP APCH (LNAV/VNAV) using Baro VNAV)

Not more than – 75 feet below the vertical profile at any time, and not more than + 75 feet above the vertical profile at or below 1 000 feet above aerodrome level.

Training element

Title of assessed item taken from training module

OBJECTIVE

This cell describes the applicant’s proficiency to be assessed by the training organisation or instructor.

SKILL

This cell describes the competency criteria that involve the applicant demonstrating:

—          manual aircraft control;

—          effective flight path management through proper use of flight management system guidance and automation; and

—          application of procedures.

KNOWLEDGE

This cell describes the knowledge needed to meet the objective’s proficiency requirements.

ATTITUDE

This cell describes the competency criteria encapsulated by airmanship, crew resource management (CRM), and threat and error management (TEM), such as:

—          situation awareness;

—          effective communication;

—          leadership and teamwork;

—          effective workload management;

—          effective problem-solving and decision-making.

General

In most phases of flight there are competencies that apply to a group of manoeuvres, e.g. turns, or even to the whole phase of flight. In order to avoid repetition, the common competencies are grouped under the ‘General’ item heading.

Module 1: Pre-flight operations and general handling

Use of flight manual (or equivalent), especially for aircraft performance, and mass and balance

OBJECTIVE

(A)        Proficient in the use of the flight manual (or equivalent).

(B)        Proficient in the mass and balance schedule.

(C)         Proficient in the aircraft performance calculation.

SKILL

(A)        Use proficiently performance charts, tables, graphs or other data, when available, relating to items such as:

(1)         accelerate-stop distance available;

(2)         landing distance available;

(3)         take-off performance;

(4)         one engine inoperative;

(5)         climb performance;

(6)         cruise performance;

(7)         fuel consumption, range, and endurance;

(8)         go-around from rejected landing;

(9)         operational factors affecting aircraft performance;

(10)      other performance data appropriate to the test aircraft;

(11)      airspeeds used during specific phases of flight;

(12)      effects of meteorological conditions upon performance characteristics and correctly application of these factors to a specific chart, table, graph or other performance data;

(13)      impact of relevant NOTAMs on the conduct of the flight;

(14)      aircraft documentation.

KNOWLEDGE

(A)        Part-NCO (non-commercial air operations)

(B)        Pilot operating manual (POM) or flight manual chapters dedicated to:

(15)      limitations;[13]

(16)      performance calculation in general;

(17)      performance calculation and associated procedures when specific conditions exist. 

ATTITUDE

(A)        Situation awareness:

Understand the responsibilities of proper pre-departure planning and preparations.

(B)        Effective communication:

Ensure appropriate and clear communication with all ground service personnel (ATC, dispatch, MET).

(C)         Leadership and teamwork:

Manage passengers and ground personnel, as applicable.

(D)        Effective workload management:

Provide sufficient time and manage the workload for pre-flight procedures (including documentation) to be completed in an efficient manner.

(E)         Effective problem-solving and decision-making:

(1)   Make appropriate decisions on all identified threats;

(2)   Plan and implement suitable mitigation actions.

Module 1: Pre-flight operations and general handling

Pre-flight inspection

OBJECTIVE

Full initial pre-flight inspection in accordance with the approved checklist assuming the risk to IFR flights such as icing conditions, database, etc.

SKILL

(A)        Perform all elements of the aeroplane pre-flight inspections.

(B)        Confirm that the aeroplane is in a serviceable and safe condition for IFR flight.

KNOWLEDGE

(A)         Confirm the validity of database and receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) prediction, if applicable.

(B)        Be aware of the possible effects of equipment defects or unserviceability.

ATTITUDE

(A)        Situation awareness:

(1)         Note the position of the aircraft, any surrounding hazards, and location of emergency equipment, and take appropriate action to minimise potential risks;

(2)         Note effects of engine start on the surrounding environment;

(3)         Note the limitations of software and equipment such as flight director (FD), autopilot (AP), etc.

(B)        Effective communication:

(1)         Demonstrate correct communication;

(2)         Make a correct passenger and departure briefing.

(C)         Leadership and teamwork:

Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable).

(D)        Effective workload management:

(1)         Confirm from the checklist that all pre-flight requirements have been fulfilled;

(2)         Demonstrate an organised approach to performing inspection of aircraft and equipment.

(E)         Effective problem-solving and decision-making:

(1)         Identify possible defects and threats;

(2)         Take corrective action.

Module 1: Pre-flight operations and general handling

Taxiing

OBJECTIVE

(A)        Be proficient in all recommended taxiing checks and procedures.

(B)        Comply with ATC instructions, airport markings and signals.

SKILL

(A)        Obtain appropriate clearance before taxiing and before crossing or entering active runways.

(B)        Comply with instructions issued by ATC.

(C)         Maintain correct and positive aircraft control.

(D)        Take due consideration of environmental conditions (e.g. surface wind, contamination, surface condition, etc.).

(E)         Maintain adequate separation from other aircraft, obstructions, and persons.

(F)         Accomplish the applicable briefing or checklist items, and follow the recommended procedures.

KNOWLEDGE

(A)        The need to correctly perform taxiing checks.

(B)        Understanding the following:

(1)         runway hold lines and stop bar lighting as applicable;

(2)         localiser and glide slope sensitive and critical areas;

(3)         beacons, as well as other surface control markings and lighting;

(4)         taxiing speeds;

(5)         rules and procedures in the event of loss of communication (priority, lighting signals);

(6)         rules for manoeuvring in reduced meteorological conditions.

ATTITUDE

(A)        Situation awareness:

(1)         Maintain constant vigilance and lookout during the taxiing operation;

(2)         Use headings in poor visibility conditions to confirm the path;

(3)         Maintain awareness of taxiing speeds appropriate to the conditions and limitations.

(B)        Effective communication:

Demonstrate correct ATC communication (where applicable).

(C)         Leadership and teamwork:

Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable).

(D)        Effective workload management:

Divide attention properly inside and outside the cockpit.

(E)         Effective problem-solving and decision-making:

(1)         Stop the aircraft to check position when in doubt;

(2)         Assess major risks: collision with other aircraft, obstacles, and aircraft security.

Module 1: Pre-flight operations and general handling

Transition to instrument flight (must be performed by sole reference to instruments)

OBJECTIVE

Establish the climb, complete a smooth transition to instrument flight, and complete post-take-off checks and drills.

SKILL

Following the initial take-off procedure:

(A)        Compare the visual attitude achieved with the attitude indicator display;

(B)        Assess the performance instrument information to confirm that the aircraft has achieved the desired climb parameters;

(C)         Commence appropriate instrument scanning techniques.

KNOWLEDGE

(A)        Demonstrate the required technical knowledge of the function of the instruments in order to safely fly the aircraft by sole reference to instruments.

(B)        Understand the need to compare the attitude indicator with the real world.

(C)         Understand the need to verify that the expected performance has been achieved.

ATTITUDE

(A)        Situation awareness:

Monitor aircraft flight path at all stages of the transition to instrument flight.

(B)        Effective communication:

Demonstrate effective communication (as applicable).

(C)         Leadership and teamwork:

Demonstrate effective coordination (as applicable).

(D)        Effective problem-solving and decision-making:

(1)         Correctly assess take-off and climb hazards, particularly those related to other aircraft, aerodrome infrastructure, obstacles, and weather;

(2)         Have a strategy to mitigate the threats.

Module 1: Pre-flight operations and general handling

ATC liaison — compliance, radio-telephony (RTF) procedures
(must be performed by sole reference to instruments)

OBJECTIVE

(A)        Ability to communicate clearly with ATC using appropriate RTF phraseology in order to perform the flight as planned in compliance with ATC instructions.

(B)        In the event of changes to the plan, such changes should be negotiated with ATC to ensure continued compliance.

SKILL

(A)        ICAO language proficiency level 4 or greater.

(B)        The ability to use standard and, where applicable, non-standard RTF procedures.

(C)         Understand the implications of the received clearance, and be able to action the same safely and effectively.

(D)        Interpretation of charts and maps.

KNOWLEDGE

(A)        Specific ATC phrases, e.g. ETA vs EAT.

(B)        Aircraft category for instrument approaches.

(C)         Performance of the aircraft and its ability to meet the ATC clearance.

(D)        ICAO standard phraseology and national differences.

(E)         Pilot or controller responsibilities including tower, en-route, and appropriate clearances.

(F)         Adequate knowledge of RTF failure procedures.

ATTITUDE

(A)        Situation awareness:

Establish communication with ATC on the correct frequencies and at the appropriate times.

(B)        Effective communication:

Read back correctly, in a timely manner, the ATC clearance in the sequence received.

(C)         Leadership and teamwork:

Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable).

(D)        Effective workload management:

Copy correctly, in a timely manner, the ATC clearance as issued.

(E)         Effective problem-solving and decision-making:

Interpret correctly the ATC clearance received and, when necessary, request clarification, verification, or change.

Module 1: Pre-flight operations and general handling

(must be performed by sole reference to instruments)

Control of the aeroplane by reference solely to instruments, including: level flight at various speeds, level turns at rate 1 and up to 30 degrees angle of bank, trim

OBJECTIVE

(A)        Smooth control of heading, altitude, speed, power, trim and ancillary controls.

(B)        Correct use of autopilot, where appropriate.

(C)         Demonstrate correct technique for instrument flight manoeuvring within specified limits.

(D)        Maintain balanced and trimmed flight.

SKILL

(A)        Maintain altitude, heading and balance, by sole reference to instruments, using correct instrument confirmation, and coordinated control application.

(B)        Maintain altitude, heading and balance, whilst accelerating or decelerating to specific speeds, as determined by the aircraft flight manual, or as specified by the examiner.

(C)         Complete coordinated level turns at rate 1 and maintain entry speed onto specified headings.

(D)        Complete coordinated level turns at up to 30 degrees bank whilst maintaining entry speed onto specified headings.

(E)         Demonstrate correct procedure for pre-flight functional check of autopilot or flight director.

(F)         Demonstrate correct operating procedure for autopilot or flight director in all modes.

KNOWLEDGE

(A)        Procedures for controlling the aircraft in accordance with the POM, aircraft flight manual and operations manual, as appropriate.

(B)        Autopilot system fitted to the aircraft.

(C)         Procedures for controlling the aircraft with automatic flight control systems, in accordance with the POM, aircraft flight manual and operations manual, as appropriate.

ATTITUDE

(A)        Situation awareness:

(1)         Maintain awareness of the autopilot modes selected, where applicable;

(2)         Understand the need for trimmed, in-balance flight when manually flying the aircraft.

(B)        Effective communication:

As applicable to the specific situation.

(C)         Leadership and teamwork:

Aas applicable to the specific situation.

(D)        Effective workload management:

Use an appropriate ‘division of attention’ when completing flight log, etc., whilst manually controlling the aircraft.

(E)         Effective problem-solving and decision-making:

Prioritise activities to allow maintenance of correct instrument scan.

Module 1: Pre-flight operations and general handling

(must be performed by sole reference to instruments)

Climbing and descending turns with sustained rate-1 turn

OBJECTIVE

Complete a coordinated climb or descent and turn at rate 1 using:

(A)        the recommended climbing speed; or

(B)        descent speed and nominated rates of descent for the aircraft.

SKILL

(A)        Establish the recommended entry airspeed in straight and level flight.

(B)        Roll into a coordinated climbing or descending turn with a bank angle commensurate with the speed to produce a rate-1 turn. Maintain the bank angle in a stable, balanced turn.

(C)         Apply smooth, coordinated pitch, bank, and power adjustments to maintain the specified attitude and airspeed.

(D)        Roll out of the turn and stabilise the aircraft in straight and level flight.

(E)         Recover accurately onto the desired heading and at the desired airspeed for straight and level flight.

KNOWLEDGE

(A)        Speed and bank angle relationship to establish a rate-1 turn.

(B)        Recommended climb speed and power settings.

(C)         Recommended speed and power settings for descent at nominated descent rates.

ATTITUDE

(A)        Effective workload management:

Demonstrate orientation throughout the manoeuvre.

(B)        Effective problem-solving and decision-making:

React to departure from stabilised steep turn attitude.

Module 1: Pre-flight operations and general handling

(must be performed by sole reference to instruments)

Recovery from unusual attitudes, including sustained 45° bank turns and steep descending turns

OBJECTIVE

Recover from unusual attitudes, including sustained 45° bank turns and steep descending turns using the correct technique to minimise height loss.

SKILL

(A)        Interpretation of the instrument displays to identify the reason behind the unusual attitude.

(B)        Application of the correct recovery technique.

(C)         Avoid any indication of an approaching stall, abnormal flight attitude, or exceeding any structural or operating limitation during any part of the manoeuvre.

KNOWLEDGE

Correct recovery technique using ‘full’ panel instruments, as appropriate.

ATTITUDE

(A)        Situation awareness:

(1)         recognition of unusual attitude;

(2)         after recovery: why did the aircraft enter the unusual attitude, e.g. distraction, instrument failure, mishandling, hypoxia?

(3)         after recovery: is the aircraft above safety altitude?

(4)         which is a safe direction to fly whilst assessing the situation?

(B)        Effective workload management:

Address the situation to recover situation awareness.

(C)         Effective communication:

(1)         Advise other crew members of the situation;

(2)         Advise ATC if appropriate.

(D)        Leadership and teamwork:

Communicate and coordinate, as appropriate, during the recovery manoeuvre.

(E)         Effective problem-solving and decision-making:

React promptly to departure from controlled flight.

Module 1: Pre-flight operations and general handling

(must be performed by sole reference to instruments)

Recovery from approach to stall in level flight, climbing/descending turns and in landing configuration (may be performed in an FSTD, if approved for this procedure)

OBJECTIVE

(A)        Demonstrate how to conduct appropriate safety checks before stalling.

(B)        Establish the required aircraft configuration and stall entry, as appropriate, from straight and level or manoeuvring flight.

(C)         Maintain heading (or 10–30° bank angle, as required) to stall entry.

(D)        Recognise the symptoms of stall or approaching stall, and initiate the correct recovery action.

(E)         Recover, using the correct techniques, to return to a clean configuration best rate climb, or as otherwise directed by the examiner.

(F)         Complete all the necessary checks and drills.

SKILL

(A)        Select an entry altitude in accordance with safety requirements. When accomplished in an FSTD, the entry altitude may be at low, intermediate or high altitude as appropriate for the aircraft and the configuration.

(B)        Slowly establish the pitch attitude (using trim, elevator or stabiliser), bank angle, and power setting that will induce stall at the desired target airspeed. Normal trim should be used as the aircraft speed reduces, with trim at different, or as stated in the flight manual restrictions.

(C)         Recognise and announce the first indication of a stall appropriate to the specific aircraft design and initiate recovery.

(D)        Recover to a reference airspeed, altitude and heading, allowing only the acceptable altitude or airspeed loss and heading deviation using the procedures described in the aircraft flight manual or operator safety manual, as applicable.

(E)         Demonstrate smooth, positive control during entry, approach to a stall, and recovery.

KNOWLEDGE

(A)        Academic knowledge.

(B)        Limitations.

(C)         Safety procedures before starting with stall exercises.

(D)        Stall recovery procedures and techniques.

(E)         Flight manual.

(F)         Operator safety manual.

ATTITUDE

(A)        Situation awareness:

Ensure the aircraft is in a safe area and clear of hazards prior to accomplishing an approach to a stall.

(B)        Effective communication:

Communicate and coordinate.

(C)         Leadership and teamwork:

Coordinate to ensure that there is adequate separation from other aircraft before initiating the stall.

(D)        Effective workload management:

As applicable to the specific situation.

(E)         Effective problem-solving and decision-making:

As applicable to the specific situation.

Module 1: Pre-flight operations and general handling

(must be performed by sole reference to instruments)

Limited panel instrument flight: stabilised climb or descent, level turns at rate 1 onto given headings, recovery from unusual attitudes — only applicable to aeroplanes

NB: Most modern light aircraft are now fitted with a ‘standby’ horizon in addition to or instead of turn rate gyros. Where this is the case, the pilot under training is to be taught these exercises using the ‘standby’ horizon.

OBJECTIVE

Demonstrate continued control of the aircraft by interpreting aircraft attitude from aircraft standby instruments.

SKILL

(A)        Complete flight in straight and level, and climbing and descending, at nominated speeds.
Fly turns at rate 1 onto nominated headings using the correct technique and demonstrating correct instrument scan and interpretation.

(B)        Recover from unusual attitudes including sustained 45° bank turns and steep descending and climbing turns using the correct technique to minimise height loss.

KNOWLEDGE

(A)        Demonstrate the theoretical knowledge and understand the dangers of ‘looping error’.

(B)        Variation of techniques.

(C)         Limitations of the use of direct-reading compass systems.

ATTITUDE

(A)        Situation awareness:

(1)         recognition of the reason behind the unusual attitude;

(2)         after recovery: why did the aircraft enter the unusual attitude, e.g. distraction, instrument failure, mishandling, etc.?

(3)         after recovery: is the aircraft above safety altitude?

(4)         which is a safe direction to fly whilst assessing the situation?

(B)        Effective workload management:

Address the situation to recover situation awareness.

(C)         Effective communication:

Advise ATC if appropriate.

(D)        Leadership and teamwork:

Communicate and coordinate as appropriate.

(E)         Effective problem-solving and decision-making:

React promptly to departure from controlled flight.

Module 2: Departure and arrivals, 3D approach and 2D approach

Weather minima

OBJECTIVE

Confirmation of weather affecting departure, route, destination and diversion; acceptability for the flight.

Determination of the expected instrument approach minimum heights/altitudes in accordance with NCO requirements.

SKILL

Ability to interpret published weather charts such as synoptic charts and coded messages (TAF, METAR, SNOWTAM, etc.).

KNOWLEDGE

(A)        Air masses and local weather effects.

(B)        Weather codes.

(C)         NCO requirements.

ATTITUDE

(A)        Situation awareness:

(1)         Be able to interpret and understand the weather factors and all the associated potential hazards likely to affect the planned flight;

(2)         Assess correctly whether the weather minima required at destination and diversion airfields are satisfactory for the conduct of the flight.

(B)        Effective communication:

As applicable to the specific situation.

(C)         Leadership and teamwork:

As applicable to the specific situation.

(D)        Effective workload management:

As applicable to the specific situation.

(E)         Effective problem-solving and decision-making:

Make appropriate decisions based on available weather information.

Module 2: Departure and arrivals, 3D approach and 2D approach

Pre-take-off briefing, take-off

OBJECTIVE

(A)        Perform a safe take-off in compliance with ATC clearance, procedure margins and within the flight manual limits taking into account environmental conditions.

(B)        Obtain ATC clearance for departure, flight deck preparation, confirmation of departure, and passenger emergency briefing. Actions to be taken with regard to the aeroplane if an emergency occurs during departure should be covered in the pre-flight main briefing.

SKILL

(A)        Obtain appropriate take-off clearance using standard RTF phraseology, and perform all required pre-take-off checks (including visually scanning for other aircraft).

(B)        Position the aircraft correctly for take-off taking into account any crosswind condition.

(C)         Apply the controls correctly to maintain longitudinal alignment on the centre line of the runway prior to initiating and during the take-off.

(D)        Set the throttle(s) to take-off power with appropriate checks (e.g. verify the expected engine performance, monitor engine controls, settings and instruments during take-off to ensure all predetermined parameters are maintained).

(E)         Use the correct take-off technique by applying recommended speeds for rotation, lift-off and initial climb.

(F)         Adjust the controls to attain the desired pitch attitude at the predetermined airspeed to obtain the desired performance.

(G)        Ensure a safe climb and departure in accordance with clearance and with due regard for other air traffic, noise abatement and wake turbulence avoidance procedures, adjusting power and aircraft configuration, and maintain desired path (or heading) as appropriate.

(H)        Complete all necessary post-take-off checks.

(I)          Perform or call for and verify the accomplishment of landing gear and flap retractions, power adjustments, and other required pilot-related activities at the required airspeeds within the tolerances established in the flight manual.

KNOWLEDGE

(A)        Limitations, procedure margins.

(B)        Normal procedures (understand the different techniques dependent on varying flap settings and environmental conditions).

(C)         Abnormal and emergency procedures.

(D)        Performance.

(E)         Applicable rules on wake turbulence separation.

ATTITUDE

(A)        Situation awareness:

(1)         Monitor engine parameters for any deviations;

(2)         Monitor aircraft acceleration during take-off;

(3)         Monitor aircraft ground and flight path at all stages of the take-off procedure.

(B)        Effective communication:

Demonstrate effective communication with ATC (as applicable).

(C)         Leadership and teamwork:

Demonstrate effective coordination with ATC (as applicable).

(D)        Effective problem-solving and decision-making:

Correctly assess take-off and climb hazards, particularly those related to other aircraft, aerodrome infrastructure, obstacles and weather, and have a strategy to mitigate the threats.

Module 2: Departure and arrivals, 3D approach and 2D approach

Instrument departure procedures, altimeter setting (must be performed by sole reference to instruments)

OBJECTIVE

Complete the standard instrument departure (SID) procedure or follow the ATC departure instructions; use the correct altimeter-setting procedure; maintain aeroplane control, speed, heading and level.

SKILL

(A)        Identify any navigation aids used.

(B)        Follow any noise routing or departure procedures and ATC clearances.

(C)         Take appropriate anti-icing/de-icing actions.

(D)        Use the current and appropriate navigation publications for the proposed departure.

(E)         Make correct use of instruments, flight director, autopilot, navigation equipment and communication equipment appropriate to the performance of the departure.

(F)         Intercept and follow, in a timely manner, all courses, radials and bearings (QDM/QDRs) appropriate to the departure route and ATC clearance.

(G)        Comply, in a timely manner, with all ATC clearances, instructions and restrictions.

(H)        Perform the aircraft briefing or checklist items appropriate to the departure.

(I)          Adhere to airspeed restrictions and adjustments required by regulations, ATC and the flight manual.

(J)          Maintain the appropriate airspeed, altitude, headings and accurately track radials, courses, and bearing.

(K)         Complete the appropriate checklist.

KNOWLEDGE

(A)        Weather phenomena, particularly the conditions favouring the formation of ice on the airframe and engines.

(B)        Limitations of the use of ground-based navigation aids.

(C)         Limitations of the use of RNAV (GNSS) derived navigational information.

(D)        Division of airspace and altimeter-setting procedures associated with the current airspace environment.

(E)         The departure procedure in use and the safety implications of not adhering to the procedure.

(F)         Altimetry procedures in accordance with the applicable regulations.

ATTITUDE

(A)        Situation awareness:

(1)         Understanding of any clearance limits or variations to SID/initial departure clearance instructed by ATC;

(2)         Awareness of the aircraft performance and the ability to conform to ATC clearances (speed, height, time limits, etc.).

(B)        Effective communication:

Demonstrate correct communication with ATC (where applicable).

(C)         Leadership and teamwork:

Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable).

(D)        Effective workload management:

Prioritise attention properly between aircraft control, navigation and communication tasks.

(E)         Effective problem-solving and decision-making:

Make the necessary decisions to mitigate the effect of changing conditions that may affect aircraft (weather, navigation aid serviceability, ATC, etc.).

Common to both 3D and 2D procedures (must be performed by sole reference to instruments)

Holding procedure

OBJECTIVE

Complete the appropriate entry procedure followed by a standard ICAO holding fix, using information in order to maintain the protected area.

SKILL

(A)        Make appropriate adjustments in order to arrive over the holding fix as close as possible to the ‘expected approach time’, if required.

(B)        Recognise arrival at the clearance limit or holding fix.

(C)         Comply with ATC reporting requirements.

(D)        Change to the recommended holding airspeed appropriate for the aircraft and holding altitude, so as to cross the holding fix at or below the maximum holding airspeed.

(E)         Follow the appropriate entry procedures in accordance with standard operational procedures or as required by ATC.

(F)         Use the correct timing criteria where required by the holding procedure or ATC.

(G)        Use wind-drift correction techniques accurately to maintain the appropriate joining and holding pattern and to establish and maintain the correct tracks and bearings.

(H)        Maintain the appropriate airspeed, altitude and headings accurately to establish and maintain the correct tracks and bearings.

(I)          Make appropriate adjustments to the procedure timing to allow for the effects of known wind.

KNOWLEDGE

(A)        Holding endurance, including but not necessarily limited to fuel on board.

(B)        Fuel flow while holding.

(C)         Fuel required to alternate, etc.

ATTITUDE

(A)        Situation awareness:

Establish communication with ATC on the correct frequencies and at the appropriate times.

(B)        Effective communication:

(1)         Read back correctly, in a timely manner, the ATC clearance in the sequence received;

(2)         Communicate with ATC as appropriate.

(C)         Leadership and teamwork:

Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable).

(D)        Effective workload management:

Monitor to ensure that the flight profile complies with the cleared holding pattern.

(E)         Effective problem-solving and decision-making:

React to navigation errors or unexpected systems malfunctions.

Module 2: 3D approach procedures

(must be performed by sole reference to instruments)

Setting and checking of navigation aids, identification of facilities

OBJECTIVE

(A)        Use of navigation aids with regard to promulgated range, identification and interpretation.

(B)        Use the RAIM prediction, if applicable.

(C)         Use the correct RNP approach specifications (LPV, LNAV/VNAV).

SKILL

(A)        Set and identify relevant navigation aids.

(B)        Confirm the availability and serviceability of selected navigation equipment.

KNOWLEDGE

(A)        Systems: communication, navigation and auto-flight systems.

(B)        RNP approach specifications (LPV, LNAV/VNAV).

ATTITUDE

(A)        Situation awareness:

(1)         Establish communication with ATC on the correct frequencies and at the appropriate times;

(2)         Select radio aids appropriate to the intended approach;

(3)         PBN limitations;

(4)         Temperature limitations (LNAV/VNAV).

(B)        Effective workload management:

Monitor to ensure safe flight profile whilst selecting and checking radio aids.

(C)         Effective communication:

(1)         Read back correctly, in a timely manner, the ATC clearance in the sequence received;

(2)         Communicate with ATC as appropriate.

(D)        Leadership and teamwork:

Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable).

(E)         Effective problem-solving and decision-making:

React to deviation errors or unexpected systems malfunctions.

Module 2: 3D approach procedures

(must be performed by sole reference to instruments)

Arrival procedures, altimeter checks

OBJECTIVE

Descent planning and consideration of minimum sector altitude (MSA) or terminal arrival altitude (TAA). Completion of the published arrival procedure or as instructed by ATC, including altimeter setting or protected area, ATC liaison and RTF procedures.

SKILL

(A)        Set and cross-check the appropriate altimeter settings.

(B)        Use the correct RTF procedures and terminology and comply with all ATC instructions and clearances.

(C)         Establish the appropriate aircraft configuration and airspeed for the phase of the approach.

(D)        Comply with the published arrival procedure or as required by ATC.

(E)         Interpretation of arrival charts.

KNOWLEDGE

(A)        Altimetry procedures in accordance with the applicable regulations.

(B)        Knowledge of legends used in the approach charts.

(C)         Understanding of ATC procedures and RTF phraseology for the type of approach to be completed.

(D)        Knowledge of RNP arrival procedure.

ATTITUDE

(A)        Situation awareness:

Establish communication with ATC on the correct frequencies and at the appropriate times.

(B)        Effective communication:

(1)         Read back correctly, in a timely manner, the ATC clearance in the sequence received;

(2)         Communicate with ATC, as appropriate.

(C)         Leadership and teamwork:

Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable).

(D)        Effective workload management:

Monitor to ensure that the flight profile complies with the approach procedure.

(E)         Effective problem-solving and decision-making:

react to deviation errors or unexpected systems malfunctions.

Module 2: 3D approach procedures

(must be performed by sole reference to instruments)

Approach and landing briefing, including descent, approach, landing checks and missed approach

OBJECTIVE

The approach briefing including weather and confirmation of instrument approach procedure minima, and applicable procedures.

SKILL

(A)        Complete the checks for landing and configure the aircraft appropriately.

(B)        Complete a short self-briefing with regard to arrival, holding, approach, minima, weather conditions, associated performances, taxiing and missed approach procedure.

KNOWLEDGE

(A)        Use of checklist as appropriate.

(B)        Determination of approach minima.

(C)         Make the necessary adjustments to the published approach minima criteria for the aircraft approach category, and with due regard for:

(1)         NOTAMs;

(2)         inoperative navigation equipment;

(3)         inoperative visual aids associated with the landing environment;

(4)         reported weather conditions;

(5)         aircraft status (effects of any inoperative systems).

ATTITUDE

(A)        Situation awareness:

(1)         Establish communication with ATC on the correct frequencies and at the appropriate times;

(2)         Aircraft technical status.

(B)        Effective communication:

(1)         Read back correctly, in a timely manner, the ATC clearance in the sequence received;

(2)         Communicate with ATC as appropriate.

(C)         Leadership and teamwork:

Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable).

(D)        Effective workload management:

Monitor to ensure that the flight profile complies with the approach procedure.

(E)         Effective problem-solving and decision-making:

React to deviation errors or unexpected systems malfunctions.

Module 2: 3D approach procedures

(must be performed by sole reference to instruments)

Compliance with published approach procedure

OBJECTIVE

(A)        Compliance with the published 3D approach procedure.

(B)        Vertical and horizontal profile to the nominated minima in accordance with protected areas.

SKILL

(A)        Manage the appropriate source of navigation system.

(B)        Complete the manoeuvring pattern as required to establish the final approach segment within the specified flight tolerances.

(C)         Establish a predetermined rate of descent at the point where the glide path begins, in order to follow the glide path.

(D)        Intercept and track within the prescribed limits.

(E)         Interpretation of approach chart.

KNOWLEDGE

(A)        Systems: communication, navigation and auto-flight systems.

(B)        Correctly interpret and understand the procedure to be flown from the approach chart for runway and procedure in use.

(C)         Autopilot and flight director limitations.

(D)        Software and capacity system.

ATTITUDE

(A)        Situation awareness:

Establish communication with ATC on the correct frequencies and at the appropriate times;

(B)        Effective communication:

(1)         Read back correctly, in a timely manner, the ATC clearance in the sequence received;

(2)         Communicate with ATC as appropriate.

(C)         Leadership and teamwork:

Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable).

(D)        Effective workload management:

Monitor to ensure that the flight profile complies with the cleared procedure.

(E)         Effective problem-solving and decision-making:

React to navigation errors or unexpected systems malfunctions.

Module 2: 3D approach procedures

(must be performed by sole reference to instruments)

Altitude, speed, heading control (stabilised approach)

OBJECTIVE

(A)        Establish a stabilised approach, in trim for the aeroplane configuration and speed, using the correct techniques for attitude, heading and power control.

(B)        Correct assessment of track and vertical path.

SKILL

(A)        Establish the final approach and maintain the approach path in horizontal and vertical profile to minima.

(B)        Control the aircraft as necessary to achieve a stable approach path.

(C)         Arrive at the minima on a stabilised approach in order to make a correct decision to perform a landing, go-around or circling approach safely.

(D)        Prepare backup radio aids for continued approach in the event of radio aid or display equipment failure.

(E)         Use correct RTF procedures and terminology and comply with all ATC instructions and clearances.

KNOWLEDGE

(A)        Horizontal and vertical tolerances.

(B)        Actions to be taken in the event of radio aid or display equipment failure.

(C)         Procedure in the event of loss of communication with ATC.

(D)        Procedure in the event of loss of integrity.

ATTITUDE

(A)        Situation awareness:

Confirm that approach is stabilised.

(B)        Effective communication:

Advise ATC if appropriate.

(C)         Leadership and teamwork:

(1)         Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable);

(2)         Procedures for loss of approach capability.

(D)        Effective workload management:

Monitor to ensure that the flight profile remains safe.

(E)         Effective problem-solving and decision-making:

Make appropriate decision to abandon approach if required.

Module 2: 2D approach procedures

(must be performed by sole reference to instruments)

Setting and checking of navigation aids, identification of facilities

OBJECTIVE

(A)        Use of navigation aids with regard to promulgated range, identification and interpretation.

(B)        Use the RAIM prediction, if applicable.

(C)         Use the correct RNP approach specifications.

(D)        Calculate the true altitude as required.

SKILL

(A)        Set and identify relevant navigation aids.

(B)        Confirm the availability and serviceability of selected navigation equipment.

KNOWLEDGE

(A)        Systems: communication, navigation and auto-flight systems.

(B)        RNP approach specifications (LNAV).

(C)         True altitude corrections for temperature.

ATTITUDE

(A)        Situation awareness:

(1)         Establish communication with ATC on the correct frequencies and at the appropriate times;

(2)         Select radio aids appropriate to the intended approach.

(B)        Effective workload management:

Monitor to ensure safe flight profile whilst selecting and checking radio aids.

(C)         Effective communication:

(1)         Read back correctly, in a timely manner, the ATC clearance in the sequence received;

(2)         Communicate with ATC as appropriate.

(D)        Leadership and teamwork:

Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable).

(E)         Effective problem-solving and decision-making:

React to deviation errors or unexpected systems malfunctions.

Module 2: 2D approach procedures

(must be performed by sole reference to instruments)

Arrival procedures, altimeter checks

OBJECTIVE

(A)        Descent planning and consideration of MSA or TAA.

(B)        Completion of the published arrival procedure or as instructed by ATC, including altimeter setting or protected area, ATC liaison and RTF procedures.

SKILL

(A)        Set and cross-check the appropriate altimeter settings.

(B)        Use the correct RTF procedures and terminology and comply with all ATC instructions and clearances.

(C)         Establish the appropriate aircraft configuration and airspeed for the phase of the approach.

(D)        Comply with the published arrival procedure or as required by ATC.

(E)         Interpretation of arrival charts.

KNOWLEDGE

(A)        Altimetry procedures, in accordance with the applicable regulations.

(B)        Knowledge of the legends used in the approach charts.

(C)         Understanding of ATC procedures and RTF phraseology for the type of approach to be completed.

(D)        Knowledge of RNP arrival procedure.

ATTITUDE

(A)        Situation awareness:

(1)         Establish communication with ATC on the correct frequencies and at the appropriate times;

(2)         PBN protected area.

(B)        Effective communication:

(1)         Read back correctly, in a timely manner, the ATC clearance in the sequence received;

(2)         Communicate with ATC as appropriate.

(C)         Leadership and teamwork:

Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable).

(D)        Effective workload management:

Monitor to ensure that the flight profile complies with the approach procedure.

(E)         Effective problem-solving and decision-making:

React to deviation errors or unexpected systems malfunctions.

Module 2: 2D approach procedures

(must be performed by sole reference to instruments)

Approach and landing briefing, including descent, approach, landing checks and missed approach

OBJECTIVE

The approach briefing including weather and confirmation of instrument approach procedure minima, and applicable procedures.

SKILL

(A)        Complete the landing and configure the aircraft as appropriate.

(B)        Complete a short self-briefing with regard to arrival, holding, approach, minima, weather conditions, associated performances, taxiing and missed approach procedure.

KNOWLEDGE

(A)        Use of checklist as appropriate.

(B)        Determination of approach minima.

(C)         Adjustments necessary to the published approach minima criteria for the aircraft approach category, and with due regard for:

(1)         NOTAMs;

(2)         inoperative navigation equipment;

(3)         inoperative visual aids associated with the landing environment;

(4)         reported weather conditions.

ATTITUDE

(A)        Situation awareness:

(1)         Establish communication with ATC on the correct frequencies and at the appropriate times;

(2)         Aircraft technical status.

(B)        Effective communication:

(1)         Read back correctly, in a timely manner, the ATC clearance in the sequence received;

(2)         Communicate with ATC as appropriate.

(C)         Leadership and teamwork:

Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable).

(D)        Effective workload management:

Monitor to ensure that the flight profile complies with the approach procedure.

(E)         Effective problem-solving and decision-making:

React to deviation errors or unexpected systems malfunctions.

Module 2: 2D approach procedures

(must be performed by sole reference to instruments)

Compliance with published 2D approach procedure

OBJECTIVE

(A)        Compliance with the published approach procedure.

(B)        Vertical and horizontal profile to the nominated minima in accordance with protected areas.

(C)         Use of the CDFA technique where appropriate.

SKILL

(A)        Manage the appropriate source of navigation system.

(B)        Select and comply with the appropriate 2D instrument approach procedure.

(C)         Complete the manoeuvring pattern as required to establish the final approach segment within the specified flight tolerances and protected area.

(D)        Establish a predetermined rate of descent in order to follow the published path.

(E)         Intercept and track the final approach track within the prescribed limits.

(F)         Interpretation of approach chart.

(G)        Ability to interpret deviation.

(H)        Correct selection of navigation input to the display.

KNOWLEDGE

(A)        Systems: communication, navigation and auto-flight systems.

(B)        Correctly interpret and understand the procedure to be flown from the approach chart for runway and procedure in use.

(C)         CDFA technique where appropriate.

(D)        Autopilot and flight director limitations.

ATTITUDE

(A)        Situation awareness:

Establish communication with ATC on the correct frequencies and at the appropriate times;

(B)        Effective communication:

(1)         Read back correctly, in a timely manner, the ATC clearance in the sequence received;

(2)         Communicate with ATC as appropriate.

(C)         Leadership and teamwork:

Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable).

(D)        Effective workload management:

Monitor to ensure that the flight profile complies with the cleared procedure.

(E)         Effective problem-solving and decision-making;

React to navigation errors or unexpected systems malfunctions.

Module 2: 2D approach procedures

(must be performed by sole reference to instruments)

Altitude, speed and heading control (stabilised approach)

OBJECTIVE

(A)        Establish a stabilised approach, in trim for the aeroplane configuration and speed, using the correct techniques for attitude, heading and power control.

(B)        Correct assessment of track and rate of descent or vertical path angle.

SKILL

(A)        Establish the final approach and maintain the approach path in horizontal and vertical profile to minima.

(B)        Control the aircraft as necessary to achieve a stable final approach.

(C)         Arrive at the minima on a stabilised approach in order to make a correct decision to perform a landing, go-around or circling approach safely.

(D)        Prepare backup radio aids for continued approach in the event of radio aid or display equipment failure.

(E)         Use correct RTF procedures and terminology, and comply with all ATC instructions and clearances.

KNOWLEDGE

(A)        Horizontal and vertical tolerances.

(B)        Actions to be taken in the event of radio aid/display equipment failure.

(C)         Procedure in the event of loss of communication with ATC.

(D)        Procedure in the event of loss of integrity.

ATTITUDE

(A)        Situation awareness:

Confirm that the approach is stabilised.

(B)        Effective communication:

Advise ATC if appropriate.

(C)         Leadership and teamwork:

(1)         Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable);

(2)         Procedures for loss-of-approach capability.

(D)        Effective workload management:

Monitor to ensure that the flight profile remains safe.

(E)         Effective problem-solving and decision-making:

Make appropriate decision to abandon approach if required.

Module 2: Specificities of conventional 2D approach procedures

(must be performed by sole reference to instruments)

Approach timing

OBJECTIVE

Monitor or control the approach procedure using timing as necessary.

SKILL

Where DME information from ground-based beacons (VOR or NDB) or marker is not available, the applicant makes appropriate adjustments to the procedure timing to allow for the effects of known wind.

KNOWLEDGE

(A)        Use of wind-effect correction techniques.

(B)        Use of wind-drift correction techniques to maintain the correct tracks, bearings and approximate distances.

ATTITUDE

(A)        Situation awareness:

(1)         Understand when approach timing techniques are required;

(2)         Understand the impact required on the descent technique for the intermediate approach phase.

(B)        Effective workload management:

Use an appropriate ‘division of attention’ whilst controlling the aircraft in order to apply wind-corrected timing.

(C)         Effective communication:

As applicable to the specific situation.

(D)        Leadership and teamwork:

As applicable to the specific situation.

(E)         Effective problem-solving and decision-making:

As applicable to the specific situation.

Module 2: Common to both 3D and 2D procedures

(must be performed by sole reference to instruments)

Go-around and missed approach action

OBJECTIVE

Make a smooth transition to a climb at the correct speed and complete the checks when:

(1)         reaching the minima;

(2)         directed by ATC;

(3)         being in an unstabilised approach;

(4)         experiencing a loss of integrity; or

(5)         any other reasons affecting safety approach.

SKILL

(A)        Initiate go-around action in case of unstabilised approach or loss of integrity.

(B)        Initiate go-around action at or above minima if safe landing is not possible.

(C)         Control the aircraft as necessary to achieve a stable and trimmed initial climb profile.

(D)        Ensure a safe climb and departure in accordance with ATC clearance and with due regard for other air traffic, noise abatement and wake turbulence avoidance procedures adjusting power and aircraft configuration, and maintain desired path (or heading) as appropriate.

(E)         Complete all necessary procedures and checks.

(F)         Select the missed approach if available.

KNOWLEDGE

(A)        Go-around procedure.

(B)        Aircraft limitations for landing gear retraction, flap retraction and power plant.

(C)         Necessary RTF procedures.

(D)        Performance limitation.

(E)         Climb gradient.

(F)         Protected areas.

(G)        RNP approach specifications.

ATTITUDE

(A)        Situation awareness:

Monitor aircraft flight path at all stages of the go-around.

(B)        Effective communication:

(1)         Demonstrate effective communication (as applicable);

(2)         Communicate with ATC when safe to do so.

(C)         Leadership and teamwork:

Demonstrate effective coordination with ATC (as applicable).

(D)        Effective problem-solving and decision-making:

Correctly assess go-around and climb hazards, particularly those related to other aircraft, aerodrome infrastructure, obstacles and weather, and have a strategy to mitigate the threats.

Module 2: Common to both 3D and 2D procedures

(must be performed by sole reference to instruments)

Landing

OBJECTIVE

(A)        Visual landing or circle for landing, as appropriate, in a safe and controlled manner.

(B)        Define a strategy for track management in case of missed approach or go-around in the circle to land.

SKILL

Landing:

(A)        acquire the required visual references and continue to land the aircraft;

(B)        make a smooth transition from instrument to visual flight;

(C)         join smoothly, if necessary, the visual approach flight path;

(D)        maintain a stable (speed, power, heading) approach until the flare;

(E)         complete post-landing checklist.

KNOWLEDGE

(A)        Flight manual.

(B)        Limitations.

(C)         Normal procedures:

Demonstrate adequate judgement and knowledge of the aircraft performance and systems in order to comply with published approach procedures for the equipment used for the approach.

ATTITUDE

(A)        Situation awareness:

(1)         Establish communication with ATC on the correct frequencies and at the appropriate times;

(2)         Controlled flight into terrain (CFIT);

(3)         Balked landing.

(B)        Effective communication:

(1)         Read back correctly, in a timely manner, the ATC clearance in the sequence received;

(2)         Communicate with ATC as appropriate.

(C)         Leadership and teamwork:

Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable).

(D)        Effective workload management:

Monitor to ensure that the flight profile complies with the approach procedure.

(E)         Effective problem-solving and decision-making:

React to deviation errors or unexpected systems malfunctions.

Module 2: Common to both 3D and 2D procedures

(must be performed by sole reference to instruments)

ATC liaison — compliance, RTF procedures

OBJECTIVE

(A)        Use correct and standard RTF phraseology throughout.

(B)        Where appropriate, obtain ATC clearances and appropriate level of service.

(C)         Where required, comply with ATC clearances and instructions.

SKILL

(A)        Comply with all ATC instructions and clearances.

(B)        Use correct RTF for ILS reporting procedure.

KNOWLEDGE

(A)        ICAO standard phraseology.

(B)        Pilot/controller responsibilities to include tower en-route control and clearance.

(C)         Demonstrate adequate knowledge of two-way communications failure procedures.

ATTITUDE

(A)        Situation awareness:

Establish communication with ATC on the correct frequencies and at the appropriate times.

(B)        Effective communication:

Read back correctly, in a timely manner, the ATC clearance in the sequence received.

(C)         Leadership and teamwork:

Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable).

(D)        Effective workload management:

Copy correctly, in a timely manner, the ATC clearance as issued.

(E)         Effective problem-solving and decision-making:

Interpret correctly the ATC clearance received and, when necessary, request clarification, verification, or change.

Module 3: En-route IFR procedures

Use of air traffic services document and weather document

OBJECTIVE

(A)        Use of the correct documents, including maps.

(B)        Use of charts and approach procedure plates to prepare flight plan and flight log.

(C)         Collating and interpreting weather documents to determine the route weather.

SKILL

(A)        Ensure all required paperwork is correctly completed prior to the flight.

(B)        Interpretation of weather charts and coded messages (TAF, METAR, etc.).

KNOWLEDGE

(A)        Weather factors that may affect the safe conduct of the flight (thunderstorms, fog, strong winds, gust factor, crosswinds at departure and destination aerodromes, snow, icing, etc.).

(B)        Type of approach to be flown, how to calculate approach minima from charts, operational limitations of ground-based aids when planning route, ability to interpret SID and STAR charts.

(C)         Coordination with ATC when submitting flight plan, implications of ‘calculated take-off time’, etc.

ATTITUDE

(A)        Situation awareness:

Note potential weather hazards and act accordingly, submit flight plan in good time for planned departure.

(B)        Effective communication:

Communicate with ATC and ground crew to ensure timely start.

(C)         Leadership and teamwork:

Demonstrate correct crew coordination with ATC (where applicable).

(D)        Effective workload management:

Prioritise tasks to produce a safe and effective plan for the conduct of the flight.

(E)         Effective problem-solving and decision-making:

(1)         Identify possible defects and threats;

(2)         Take corrective action.

Module 3: En-route IFR procedures

Preparation of ATC flight plan and IFR flight plan or log

OBJECTIVE

Preparation of the ATC IFR flight plan for the route, including any off-airway sectors, and preparation of a full navigation and RTF flight log.

SKILL

(A)        Prepare the flight navigation log, update maps and charts, flight plan, and fuel plan.

(B)        Obtain and assess all elements of the prevailing and forecast weather conditions for the route and evaluate threats (e.g. icing conditions, convection, wind conditions, potential deterioration below minima).

(C)         Complete an appropriate flight navigation log.

(D)        Complete the required ATC flight plan(s) and ensure that all required airfields are addressed.

(E)         Determine that the aeroplane is correctly fuelled, loaded and legal for the flight.

(F)         Confirm any aeroplane performance criteria and limitations applicable in relation to runway and weather conditions.

KNOWLEDGE

Demonstrate sufficient knowledge of the regulatory requirements relating to instrument flight.

ATTITUDE

(A)        Situation awareness:

(1)         Understand the responsibilities of proper pre-departure planning and preparations;

(2)         Appropriate threat and error management for the flight

(B)        Effective communication:

Ensure appropriate and clear communication with all ground service personnel (ATC, dispatch, MET).

(C)         Leadership and teamwork.

(D)        Effective workload management:

Provide sufficient time, and manage the workload for departure procedures (including documentation) to be completed in an efficient manner.

(E)         Effective problem-solving and decision-making:

Make appropriate decisions on all identified threats, and plan and implement suitable mitigation actions.

Module 3: En-route IFR procedures

Tracking, including interception, e.g. NDB, VOR, RNAV

OBJECTIVE

(A)        Intercept and maintain the route or amended route, including tracking to and from a position derived from NDB or VOR or RNAV (GNSS) using aircraft display.

(B)        Follow the flight-planned route or any other ATC route requirements within the specified limits.

(C)         Identify and use navigation systems correctly.

(D)        Use the correct altimeter setting procedures and show awareness of protected areas.

SKILL

(A)        Use the current and appropriate navigation publications for the proposed flight.

(B)        Intercept, in a timely manner, all courses, radials and bearings appropriate to the procedure, route, and ATC clearance.

(C)         Comply, in a timely manner, with all ATC clearances, instructions and restrictions.

(D)        Perform the aircraft briefing or checklist items appropriate to the arrival.

(E)         Adhere to airspeed restrictions and adjustments required by regulations, ATC and aircraft flight manual.

(F)         Maintain the appropriate airspeed, altitude and heading, and accurately track radials, courses and bearing (QDM/QDRs).

KNOWLEDGE

(A)        Basic instrument rating knowledge.

(B)        Proper ATC phraseology.

(C)         Demonstrate adequate knowledge of:

(1)         flight manual;

(2)         limitations;

(3)         instrument patterns;

(4)         two-way communications failure procedures.

(D)        Systems: communication, navigation and auto-flight systems.

(E)         PBN specifications.

ATTITUDE

(A)        Situation awareness:

(1)         Establish communication with ATC on the correct frequencies and at the appropriate times;

(2)         Awareness of aircraft position in space.

(B)        Effective communication:

(1)         Read back correctly, in a timely manner, the ATC clearance in the sequence received;

(2)         Communicate with ATC as appropriate.

(C)         Leadership and teamwork:

Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable).

(D)        Effective workload management:

Monitor to ensure that the flight profile complies with the cleared en-route routing.

(E)         Effective problem-solving and decision-making:

React to navigation errors or unexpected systems malfunctions.

Module 3: En-route IFR procedures

(must be performed by sole reference to instruments)

Use of radio aids

OBJECTIVE

(A)        Correct use of RNAV system and radio aids with regard to promulgated range, identification and interpretation.

(B)        Use of ATIS/VOLMET where available.

SKILL

(A)        Use the current and appropriate navigation publications for the proposed flight.

(B)        Select a combination of radio aids that allow the aircraft position to be correctly determined.

(C)         Manage the display of such aids so that the navigational information is readily available.

(D)        Correctly identify the chosen radio aids using Morse code where appropriate, i.e. when there is no ‘auto-ident’.

(E)         Correctly assess the functionality of radio aids, including RNAV, before using them for navigation.

(F)         Correctly check receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) of GNSS systems, if applicable.

(G)        Correctly input navigation planning data into the GNSS system where appropriate.

KNOWLEDGE

(A)        Demonstrate the theoretical knowledge and understanding of:

(1)         the limitations and errors of VOR and NDB, the limitations and errors of VOR and NDB receivers in the aircraft, and the resulting potential navigational error;

(2)         information pertinent to radio aids or RNAV operations contained in NOTAMs;

(3)         correct identification of ground-based radio aids;

(4)         the radio aid equipment and associated displays fitted to the aircraft.

(B)        Identify when a ground-based radio aid is radiating but the signal is not available for navigation.

ATTITUDE

(A)        Situation awareness:

(1)         Monitor flight progress and select the appropriate navigation systems to enable successful completion of the planned route;

(2)         Awareness of aircraft position in space.

(B)        Effective communication:

As applicable to the specific situation.

(C)         Leadership and teamwork:

As applicable to the specific situation.

(D)        Effective workload management:

Use an appropriate ‘division of attention’ appropriately whilst controlling the aircraft and reset navigation aids.

(E)         Effective problem-solving and decision-making:

React to navigation errors or unexpected systems malfunctions.

Module 3: En-route IFR procedures

Level flight, control of heading, attitude and airspeed, power-setting, trim technique

OBJECTIVE

(A)        Smooth control of heading, attitude and airspeed, power, trim and ancillary controls.

(B)        Correct use of autopilot where appropriate.

(C)         Demonstrate correct technique for instrument flight manoeuvring within specified limits.

(D)        Maintain balanced and trimmed flight.

SKILL

(A)        Maintain altitude, heading and balance, by sole reference to instruments, using correct instrument confirmation, and coordinated control application.

(B)        Maintain altitude, heading and balance, whilst accelerating or decelerating to specific speeds, as determined by the aircraft flight manual.

(C)         Demonstrate correct procedure for pre-flight functional check of autopilot, flight director and aircraft navigation system, as applicable.

(D)        Demonstrate correct operating procedure for aircraft navigation systems, autopilot or flight director in all modes.

KNOWLEDGE

(A)        Procedures for controlling the aircraft in accordance with the aircraft flight manual and flight manual, as appropriate.

(B)        Autopilot, flight director and navigation system fitted to the aircraft.

ATTITUDE

(A)        Situation awareness:

(1)         Maintain awareness of the autopilot modes selected, where applicable;

(2)         Understand the need for trimmed, in-balance flight when manually flying the aircraft;

(3)         Maintain adequate scan rate before, during and after execution of any manoeuvre by reference to instruments and autopilot performance.

(B)        Effective communication:

As applicable to the specific situation.

(C)         Leadership and teamwork:

As applicable to the specific situation.

(D)        Effective workload management:

Use an appropriate ‘division of attention’ when completing flight log, etc., whilst manually controlling the aircraft.

(E)         Effective problem-solving and decision-making:

Prioritise activities to allow maintenance of correct instrument scan.

Module 3: En-route IFR procedures

Altimeter setting

OBJECTIVE

Follow the altimeter-setting procedure, and cross-check and monitor en-route protected areas.

SKILL

(A)        Correct use and interpretation of altimeter subscale setting.

(B)        Cross-check against a second altimeter.

KNOWLEDGE

(A)        National procedures, if different, regarding altimeter settings for the airspace the aircraft is occupying.

(B)        Effects of extremely low temperatures on altimeter indications.

(C)         Limitations and errors in altimeters due to construction or systems installed in the aircraft, etc.

ATTITUDE

(A)        Situation awareness:

(1)         Understand the airspace structure and make appropriate altimeter settings;

(2)         Be aware of minimum safe altitude, sector safe altitude, etc.

(B)        Effective workload management:

As applicable to the specific situation.

(C)         Effective communication:

Use appropriate RTF procedures to update pressure settings.

(D)        Leadership and teamwork:

As applicable to the specific situation.

(E)         Effective problem-solving and decision-making:

Where necessary, identify and make appropriate decisions when confronted with system failures.

Module 3: En-route IFR procedures

Timing and revision of estimated time of arrival (ETA) (en-route hold, if required)

OBJECTIVE

Understand the flight plan, and that the clearance is to be completed correctly.

SKILL

(A)        Use appropriate and up-to-date aeronautical charts.

(B)        Extract and record pertinent information from NOTAMs, the aerodrome or facility directory, and other flight publications.

(C)         Plot a course for the intended route of flight.

(D)        Select the most favourable altitudes.

(E)         Compute headings, flight time, and fuel requirements.

KNOWLEDGE

(A)        Weather reports and forecasts.

(B)        Pilot and radar reports.

(C)         Winds and temperatures aloft.

(D)        ATC procedures related to timing, e.g. update of ETA if changed by ± 3 minutes, clearance limit, etc.

ATTITUDE

(A)        Situation awareness:

(1)         Establish communication with ATC on the correct frequencies and at the appropriate times;

(2)         Identify airspace, obstructions, and terrain features.

(B)        Effective communication:

(1)         Read back correctly, in a timely manner, the ATC clearance in the sequence received;

(2)         Demonstrate correct communication with ATC (where applicable).

(C)         Leadership and teamwork:

Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable).

(D)        Effective workload management:

Select the appropriate navigation systems or facilities and communication frequencies.

(E)         Effective problem-solving and decision-making:

Deal with unexpected navigation errors or systems malfunctions.

Module 3: En-route IFR procedures

Monitoring of flight progress, flight log, fuel usage and management, systems management

OBJECTIVE

(A)        Maintain a flight log by recording sufficient information.

(B)        Monitor the engine and aircraft systems throughout the flight.

(C)         Monitor fuel consumption versus fuel available and fuel required throughout the flight.

SKILL

(A)        Follow the flight plan route in accordance with ATC.

(B)        Navigate by means of an appropriate navigation system for the cleared route.

(C)         Use the correct altimetry procedures.

(D)        Verify the aircraft’s position in relation to the flight-planned route.

(E)         Correctly assess track error and make suitable adjustments to heading.

(F)         Correct and record the differences between pre-flight fuel, ground speed, and heading and time calculations and those determined en-route.

(G)        Complete all appropriate checklists.

(H)        Manage the flight in accordance with minimum altitude.

KNOWLEDGE

(A)        Part-SERA requirements and national rules regarding use of aerodromes procedures.

(B)        Policy concerning IFR flights (e.g. national procedures in the AIP).

(C)         Services expected in different classes of airspace.

(D)        Danger restricted, and prohibited areas.

(E)         Minimum altitude and protected areas.

ATTITUDE

(A)        Situation awareness:

(1)         Establish communication with ATC on the correct frequencies and at the appropriate times;

(2)         Identify airspace and minimum altitudes.

(B)        Effective communication:

(1)         Read back correctly, in a timely manner, the ATC clearance in the sequence received;

(2)         Demonstrate correct communication (where applicable).

(C)         Leadership and teamwork:

Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable).

(D)        Effective workload management:

Select appropriate navigation systems or facilities and communication frequencies.

(E)         Effective problem-solving and decision-making:

Deal with unexpected navigation errors or systems malfunctions.

Module 3: En-route IFR procedures

Ice protection procedures, simulated if necessary

OBJECTIVE

(A)        Monitoring of outside air temperature (OAT), icing risk and ice accretion rate (on FSTD if necessary); correct use of anti-icing and de-icing procedures.

(B)        Manage flight in icing conditions.

SKILL

(A)        Assessment of ice accretion on aircraft.

(B)        Appropriate selection of anti-icing or de-icing systems.

(C)         Adapt the aircraft speed to stay within the flight manual limitations, if any.

(D)        Adapt the performance within the icing conditions.

(E)         Decision-making to avoid icing conditions.

KNOWLEDGE

(A)        Weather reports and forecasts.

(B)        ATC, pilot and radar reports.

(C)         Surface analysis charts.

(D)        Ground radar summary charts.

(E)         Significant weather prognostics.

(F)         Forecast upper wind and temperature for aviation (WINTEM).

(G)        Freezing level.

(H)        SIGMETs.

(I)          ATIS and VOLMET reports.

(J)          Aircraft anti-icing and de-icing system limitations.

(K)         Significant weather chart (TEMSI).

ATTITUDE

(A)        Situation awareness:

(1)         Understand the environmental conditions which can lead to the formation of ice on the aircraft;

(2)         Assess when ice accretion is outside the capability of the aircraft systems.

(B)        Effective communication:

(1)         Liaise with ATC to avoid known icing conditions;