GM1 ATS.TR.220 Application of wake
turbulence separation
ED Decision 2020/008/R
WAKE
TURBULENCE EFFECTS INDUCED BY HELICOPTERS
(a) Helicopters should be kept well clear of light aircraft when hovering or while air-taxiing.
(b) Helicopters produce vortices when in flight and there is some evidence that, per kilogramme of gross mass, their vortices are more intense than those of fixed-wing aircraft. When hovering in ground effect or air taxiing, helicopters generate downwash producing high-velocity outwash vortices to a distance approximately three times the diameter of the rotor.
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