Subtopic HUM 1.1 — Cognitive

ACS
HUM

1.1.1

Describe the human information-processing model.

2

Attention, perception, memory, situational awareness, decision-making, response

ALL

ACS
HUM

1.1.2

Describe the factors which influence human information-processing.

2

Confidence, stress, learning, knowledge, experience, fatigue, alcohol/drugs, distraction, interpersonal relations

ALL

ACS
HUM

1.1.3

Monitor the effect of human information-processing factors on decision-making.

3

Optional content: workload, stress, interpersonal relations, distraction, confidence

ALL

Subtopic HUM 1.1 — Cognition and factors influencing it

ACS
HUM

1.1.1

Describe the human information-processing model.

2

Attention, perception, memory, situational awareness, decision-making, response

ALL

ACS
HUM

1.1.2

Describe the factors which influence human information-processing.

2

Confidence, stress, learning, knowledge, experience, fatigue, alcohol/drugs, distraction, interpersonal relations

ALL

Subtopic HUM 1.2 — Situational awareness

ACS

HUM

1.2.1

Appreciate the effect of human information-processing factors on situational awareness.

3

Optional content: workload, knowledge, interpersonal relations, distraction, confidence, experience, fatigue, stress

ALL

Subtopic HUM 1.3 — Decision-making

ACS
HUM

1.3.1

Appreciate the effect of human information-processing factors on decision-making.

3

Optional content: workload, stress, interpersonal relations, distraction, confidence

ALL

Subtopic HUM 2.1 — Fatigue

ACS
HUM

2.1.1

State factors that cause fatigue.

1

Shift work

Optional content: night shifts and rosters, Regulation (EU) 2017/373[120], ICAO/IFATCA/CANSO’s Fatigue Management Guide for Air Traffic Service Providers

ALL

ACS
HUM

2.1.2

Describe the onset of fatigue.

2

Regulation (EU) 2017/373

Optional content: lack of concentration, listlessness, irritability, frustration, ICAO/IFATCA/CANSO’s Fatigue Management Guide for Air Traffic Service Providers

ALL

ACS
HUM

2.1.3

Recognise the onset of fatigue in self.

1

Optional content: ICAO/IFATCA/CANSO’s Fatigue Management Guide for Air Traffic Service Providers

ALL

ACS
HUM

2.1.4

Recognise the onset of fatigue in others.

1

ALL

ACS
HUM

2.1.5

Describe appropriate action when recognising fatigue.

2

ALL

Subtopic HUM 2.2 — Fitness

ACS
HUM

2.2.1

Recognise signs of lack of personal fitness.

1

ALL

ACS
HUM

2.2.2

Describe actions when aware of a lack of personal fitness.

2

ALL

Subtopic HUM 2.1 — Fatigue

ACS
HUM

2.1.1

Describe the onset of fatigue.

2

Regulation (EU) 2017/373

Optional content: lack of concentration, listlessness, irritability, frustration, Skybrary Human Behaviour: EUROCONTROL Fatigue and sleep management

ALL

ACS
HUM

2.1.2

Recognise the onset of fatigue in self and in others.

1

Optional content: Skybrary Human Behaviour: EUROCONTROL Fatigue and sleep management

ALL

ACS
HUM

2.1.3

Describe the appropriate action when recognising fatigue.

2

Optional content: Skybrary Human Behaviour, EUROCONTROL Fatigue

and sleep management

ALL

Subtopic HUM 2.2 — Stress

ACS
HUM

2.2.1

Recognise the effects of stress on human performance.

1

Stress and its symptoms in self and in others

Optional content:

Regulation (EU) 2017/373

ALL

ACS
HUM

2.2.2

Describe the appropriate action when recognising stress.

2

ALL

ACS
HUM

2.2.3

Act to reduce stress.

3

ALL

ACS
HUM

2.2.4

Respond to stressful situations by offering, asking for or accepting assistance.

3

ALL

ACS
HUM

2.2.5

Recognise the effect of stressful events.

1

Self and others, abnormal situations

ALL

Subtopic HUM 3.1 — Team resource management (TRM)

ACS
HUM

3.1.1

State the relevance of TRM.

1

Optional content: TRM course, EUROCONTROL Guidelines for the development of TRM training

ALL

ACS
HUM

3.1.2

State the content of the TRM concept.

1

Optional content: teamwork, human error, team roles, stress, decision-making, communication, situational awareness

ALL

Subtopic HUM 3.2 — Teamwork and team roles

ACS
HUM

3.2.1

Identify reasons for conflict.

3

ALL

ACS
HUM

3.2.2

Describe actions to prevent human conflicts.

2

Optional content: TRM team roles

ALL

ACS
HUM

3.2.3

Describe strategies to cope with human conflicts.

2

Optional content: in your team, in the simulator

ALL

Subtopic HUM 3.3 — Responsible behaviour

ACS
HUM

3.3.1

Consider the factors which influence responsible behaviour.

2

Optional content: situation, team, personal situation and judgement, instance of justification, moral motivation, personality

ALL

ACS
HUM

3.3.2

Apply responsible judgement.

3

Case study and discussion about a dilemma situation

ALL

Subtopic HUM 3.1 — Threat and error management framework

ACS
HUM

3.1.1

Explain the importance of threat and error management.

2

Optional content: prevention of incidents, safety improvement, revision of procedures and/or working practices

ALL

ACS
HUM

3.1.2

Explain the threat and error management framework.

2

Threats, errors, undesired states, countermeasures

Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — AN/178 Threat and Error Management (TEM) in Air Traffic Control

ALL

ACS
HUM

3.1.3

Differentiate between the different types of threats in ATC.

2

Internal, external, airborne, environmental

Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — AN/178 Threat and Error Management (TEM) in Air Traffic Control

ALL

ACS

HUM

3.1.4

Differentiate between the different types of errors in ATC.

2

Equipment, procedural, communication

Optional content: increase in traffic, changes in procedures, complexities of systems or traffic, weather, unusual occurrences

ALL

ACS
HUM

3.1.5

Differentiate between the different types of undesired states.

2

On the ground, airborne

Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — AN/178 Threat and Error Management (TEM) in Air Traffic Control

ALL

ACS
HUM

3.1.6

Analyse examples of threat and error management in ATC.

4

Case studies

Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — AN/178 Threat and Error Management (TEM) in Air Traffic Control

ALL

Subtopic HUM 3.2 — Application of threat and error management

ACS
HUM

3.2.1

Manage threats.

3

Detect and respond

Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — AN/178 Threat and Error Management (TEM) in Air Traffic Control

ALL

ACS
HUM

3.2.2

Manage errors.

2

Detect and respond

Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — AN/178 Threat and Error Management (TEM) in Air Traffic Control

ALL

ACS
HUM

3.2.3

Manage undesired states.

2

Detect and respond

Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — AN/178 Threat and Error Management (TEM) in Air Traffic Control

ALL

Subtopic HUM 4.1 — Stress

ACS
HUM

4.1.1

Recognise the effects of stress on performance.

1

Stress and its symptoms in self and in others

Optional content:
Regulation (EU) 2017/373

ALL

Subtopic HUM 4.2 — Stress management

ACS
HUM

4.2.1

Act to reduce stress.

3

The effect of personality in coping with stress, the benefits of active stress management

ALL

ACS
HUM

4.2.2

Respond to stressful situations by offering, asking or accepting assistance.

3

Optional content: the benefits of offering, accepting and asking for help in stressful situations

ALL

ACS
HUM

4.2.3

Recognise the effect of shocking and stressful events.

1

Self and others, abnormal situations, Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM)

ALL

ACS
HUM

4.2.4

Consider the benefits of Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM).

2

ALL

ACS
HUM

4.2.5

Explain procedures to be used following an incident/accident.

2

Optional content: CISM, counselling, human element

ALL

Subtopic HUM 4.1 — Benefits of teamwork

ACS
HUM

4.1.1

State the benefits of teamwork.

1

Increased safety, efficiency and capacity

ALL

ACS
HUM

4.1.2

List the controller’s human performance elements affected by teamwork.

1

Situational awareness, communication, decision-making, threat and error management, workload management

ALL

Subtopic HUM 4.2 — Conflict management

ACS
HUM

4.2.1

Identify the reasons for conflict.

3

ALL

ACS
HUM

4.2.2

Describe strategies to cope with human conflicts.

2

Optional content: in your team, in the simulator

ALL

ACS
HUM

4.2.3

Describe actions to prevent human conflicts.

2

ALL

Subtopic HUM 5.1 — Human error

ACS
HUM

5.1.1

Explain the relationship between error and safety.

2

Number and combination of errors, proactive versus reactive approach to discovery of error

Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — AN/178 Threat and Error Management (TEM) in Air Traffic Control

ALL

ACS
HUM

5.1.2

Differentiate between the types of error.

2

Slips, lapses, mistakes

Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — AN/178 Threat and Error Management (TEM) in Air Traffic Control

ALL

ACS
HUM

5.1.3

Describe error-prone conditions.

2

Optional content: increase in traffic, changes in procedures, complexities of systems or traffic, weather, unusual occurrences

ALL

ACS
HUM

5.1.4

Collect examples of different error types, their causes and consequences for ATC.

3

Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — AN/178 Threat and Error Management (TEM) in Air Traffic Control

ALL

ACS
HUM

5.1.5

Explain how to detect errors to compensate for them.

2

STCA, MSAW, individual and collective strategy

Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — AN/178 Threat and Error Management (TEM) in Air Traffic Control

ALL

ACS
HUM

5.1.6

Execute corrective actions.

3

Error compensation

Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — AN/178 Threat and Error Management (TEM) in Air Traffic Control

ALL

ACS
HUM

5.1.7

Explain the importance of error management.

2

Optional content: prevention of incidents, safety improvement, revision of procedures and/or working practices

ALL

ACS
HUM

5.1.8

Describe the impact on an ATCO’s performance following an occurrence/incident.

2

Optional content: reporting, SMS, investigation, CISM

ALL

Subtopic HUM 5.2 — Violation of rules

ACS
HUM

5.2.1

Explain the causes and dangers of violation of rules becoming accepted as a practice.

2

Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — AN/178 Threat and Error Management (TEM) in Air Traffic Control

ALL

Subtopic HUM 5.1 — Concept of systems in ATM/ANS

ACS
HUM

5.1.1

Explain the concept of systems.

2

People; procedures; equipment; ATM in system terms: simple, complicated, and complex systems; system thinking

ALL

ACS
HUM

5.1.2

Describe how changes in one part of a system may impact the other parts.

2

ALL

ACS
HUM

5.1.3

Describe the role of the human in the system.

2

ALL

Subtopic HUM 6.1 — Communication

ACS
HUM

6.1.1

Use communication effectively in ATC.

3

ALL

ACS
HUM

6.1.2

Analyse examples of pilot–controller communication for effectiveness.

4

ALL

Subtopic HUM 6.2 — Collaborative work within the same area of responsibility

ACS
HUM

6.2.1

List communication means between controllers in charge of the same area of responsibility (sector or tower).

1

Optional content: electronic, written, verbal and non-verbal communication

ALL

ACS
HUM

6.2.2

Explain consequences of the use of communication means on effectiveness.

2

Optional content: strip legibility and encoding, label designation, feedback

ALL

ACS
HUM

6.2.3

List possible actions to provide a safe position handover.

1

Optional content: rigour, preparation, overlap time

ALL

ACS
HUM

6.2.4

Explain consequences of a missed position handover process.

2

ALL

Subtopic HUM 6.3 — Collaborative work between different areas of responsibility

ACS
HUM

6.3.1

List factors and means for an effective coordination between sectors and/or tower positions.

1

Optional content: other sectors’ constraints, electronic coordination tools

ALL

Subtopic HUM 6.4 — Controller–pilot cooperation

ACS
HUM

6.4.1

Describe parameters affecting controller–pilot cooperation.

2

Optional content: workload, mutual knowledge, controller versus pilot mental picture

ALL

Subtopic HUM 6.1 — Communication

ACS
HUM

6.1.1

Explain effective communication in ATC operations.

2

ICAO Doc 9868

ALL

ACS
HUM

6.1.2

Explain key strategies used to enable open communication.

2

Optional content: active listening, active speaking, assertiveness, honesty, relevance, facts, neutrality

ALL

ACS
HUM

6.1.3

Describe the parameters affecting the controller’s competence to communicate effectively.

2

Workload, mutual knowledge, controller versus pilot mental picture, distractions, sound, human conflicts

Optional content: communication between and within the team(s), in the simulator, with the pilots, instructors, coordination partners

ALL

Subtopic HUM 6.2 — Effective feedback

ACS
HUM

6.2.1

Define feedback.

1

ALL

ACS
HUM

6.2.2

Explain the purpose of receiving and giving feedback and its effect on performance.

2

ALL

ACS
HUM

6.2.3

Consider the impact of communication styles on feedback and on conflict resolution.

2

ALL

ACS
HUM

6.2.4

Integrate feedback into performance.

4

ALL