Subtopic HUM 1.1 — Cognitive

ADI (TWR)
HUM

1.1.1

Describe the human information-processing model.

2

Attention, perception, memory, situational awareness, decision-making, response

ALL

ADI (TWR)
HUM

1.1.2

Describe the factors which influence human information-processing.

2

Confidence, stress, learning, knowledge, experience, fatigue, alcohol/drugs, distraction, interpersonal relations

ALL

ADI (TWR)
HUM

1.1.3

Monitor the effect of human information-processing factors on decision-making.

3

Optional content: workload, stress, interpersonal relations, distraction, confidence

ALL

Subtopic HUM 1.1 — Cognition and factors influencing it

ADC
HUM

1.1.1

Describe the human information-processing model.

2

Attention, perception, memory, situational awareness, decision-making, response

ALL

ADC
HUM

1.1.2

Describe the factors which influence human information-processing.

2

Confidence, stress, learning, knowledge, experience, fatigue, alcohol/drugs, distraction, interpersonal relations

ALL

Subtopic HUM 1.2 — Situational awareness

ADC
HUM

1.2.1

Appreciate the effect of human information-processing factors on situational awareness.

3

Optional content: workload, knowledge, interpersonal relations, distraction, confidence, experience, fatigue, stress

ALL

Subtopic HUM 1.3 — Decision-making

ADC
HUM

1.3.1

Appreciate the effect of human information-processing factors on decision-making.

Optional content: workload, stress, interpersonal relations, distraction, confidence

ALL

Subtopic HUM 2.1 — Fatigue

ADI (TWR)
HUM

2.1.1

State factors that cause fatigue.

1

Shift work

Optional content: night shifts and rosters, Regulation (EU) 2017/373[67], ICAO/IFATCA/CANSO’s Fatigue Management Guide for Air Traffic Service Providers

ALL

ADI (TWR)
HUM

2.1.2

Describe the onset of fatigue.

2

Regulation (EU) 2017/373

Optional content: lack of concentration, listlessness, irritability, frustration, ICAO/IFATCA/CANSO’s Fatigue Management Guide for Air Traffic Service Providers

ALL

ADI (TWR)
HUM

2.1.3

Recognise the onset of fatigue in self.

1

Optional content: ICAO/IFATCA/CANSO’s Fatigue Management Guide for Air Traffic Service Providers

ALL

ADI (TWR)
HUM

2.1.4

Recognise the onset of fatigue in others.

1

ALL

ADI (TWR)
HUM

2.1.5

Describe appropriate action when recognising fatigue.

2

ALL

Subtopic HUM 2.2 — Fitness

ADI (TWR)
HUM

2.2.1

Recognise signs of lack of personal fitness.

1

ALL

ADI (TWR)
HUM

2.2.2

Describe actions when aware of a lack of personal fitness.

2

ALL

Subtopic HUM 2.1 — Fatigue

ADC
HUM

2.1.1

Describe the onset of fatigue.

2

Regulation (EU) 2017/373

Optional content: lack of concentration, listlessness, irritability, frustration, Skybrary Human Behaviour: EUROCONTROL Fatigue and sleep management

ALL

ADC
HUM

2.1.2

Recognise the onset of fatigue in self and in others.

1

Optional content: Skybrary Human Behaviour: EUROCONTROL Fatigue and sleep management

ALL

ADI (TWR)
HUM

2.1.3

Describe the appropriate action when recognising fatigue.

2

Optional content: Skybrary Human Behaviour: EUROCONTROL Fatigue and sleep management

ALL

Subtopic HUM 2.2 — Stress

ADC
HUM

2.2.1

Recognise the effects of stress on human performance.

1

Stress and its symptoms in self and in others

Optional content:

Regulation (EU) 2017/373

ALL

ADC
HUM

2.2.2

Describe the appropriate action when recognising stress.

2

ALL

ADC
HUM

2.2.3

Act to reduce stress.

3

ALL

ADC
HUM

2.2.4

Respond to stressful situations by offering, asking for or accepting assistance.

3

ALL

ADC
HUM

2.2.5

Recognise the effects of stressful events.

1

Self and others, abnormal situations

ALL

Subtopic HUM 3.1 — Team resource management (TRM)

ADI (TWR)
HUM

3.1.1

State the relevance of TRM.

1

Optional content: TRM course, EUROCONTROL Guidelines for the development of TRM training

ALL

ADI (TWR)
HUM

3.1.2

State the content of the TRM concept.

1

Optional content: teamwork, human error, team roles, stress, decision-making, communication, situational awareness

ALL

Subtopic HUM 3.2 — Teamwork and team roles

ADI (TWR)
HUM

3.2.1

Identify reasons for conflict.

3

ALL

ADI (TWR)
HUM

3.2.2

Describe actions to prevent human conflicts.

2

Optional content: TRM team roles

ALL

ADI (TWR)
HUM

3.2.3

Describe strategies to cope with human conflicts.

2

Optional content: in your team, in the simulator

ALL

Subtopic HUM 3.3 — Responsible behaviour

ADI (TWR)
HUM

3.3.1

Consider the factors which influence responsible behaviour.

2

Optional content: situation, team, personal situation and judgement, instance of justification, moral motivation, personality

ALL

ADI (TWR)
HUM

3.3.2

Apply responsible judgement.

3

Case study and discussion about a dilemma situation

ALL

Subtopic HUM 3.1 — Threat and error management framework

ADC
HUM

3.1.1

Explain the importance of threat and error management.

2

Optional content: prevention of incidents, safety improvement, revision of procedures and/or working practices

ALL

ADC
HUM

3.1.2

Explain the threat and error management framework.

2

Threats, errors, undesired states, countermeasures

Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — AN/178 Threat and Error Management (TEM) in Air Traffic Control

ALL

ADC
HUM

3.1.3

Differentiate between the different types of threats in ATC.

2

Internal, external, airborne, environmental

Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — AN/178 Threat and Error Management (TEM) in Air Traffic Control

ALL

ADC
HUM

3.1.4

Differentiate between the different types of errors in ATC.

2

Equipment, procedural, communication

Optional content: Increase in traffic, changes in procedures, complexities of systems or traffic, weather, unusual occurrences

ALL

ADC
HUM

3.1.5

Differentiate between the different types of undesired states.

2

On the ground, airborne

Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — AN/178 Threat and Error Management (TEM) in Air Traffic Control

ALL

ADC
HUM

3.1.6

Analyse examples of threat and error management in ATC.

4

Case studies

Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — AN/178 Threat and Error Management (TEM) in Air Traffic Control

ALL

Subtopic HUM 3.2 — Application of threat and error management

ADC
HUM

3.2.1

Manage threats.

4

Detect and respond

Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — AN/178 Threat and Error Management (TEM) in Air Traffic Control

ALL

ADC
HUM

3.2.2

Manage errors.

4

Detect and respond

Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — AN/178 Threat and Error Management (TEM) in Air Traffic Control

ALL

ADC
HUM

3.2.3

Manage undesired states.

4

Detect and respond

Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — AN/178 Threat and Error Management (TEM) in Air Traffic Control

ALL

Subtopic HUM 4.1 — Stress

ADI (TWR)
HUM

4.1.1

Recognise the effects of stress on performance.

1

Stress and its symptoms in self and in others

Optional content:
Regulation (EU) 2017/373

ALL

Subtopic HUM 4.2 — Stress management

ADI (TWR)
HUM

4.2.1

Act to reduce stress.

3

The effect of personality in coping with stress, the benefits of active stress management

ALL

ADI (TWR)
HUM

4.2.2

Respond to stressful situations by offering, asking or accepting assistance.

3

Optional content: the benefits of offering, accepting and asking for help in stressful situations

ALL

ADI (TWR)
HUM

4.2.3

Recognise the effect of shocking and stressful events.

1

Self and others, abnormal situations, Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM)

ALL

ADI (TWR)
HUM

4.2.4

Consider the benefits of Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM).

2

ALL

ADI (TWR)
HUM

4.2.5

Explain procedures to be used following an incident/accident.

2

Optional content: CISM, counselling, human element

ALL

Subtopic HUM 4.1 — Benefits of teamwork

ADC
HUM

4.1.1

State the benefits of teamwork.

1

Increased safety, efficiency and capacity

ALL

ADC
HUM

4.1.2

List the controller’s human performance elements affected by teamwork.

1

Situational awareness, communication, decision-making, threat and error management, workload management

ALL

Subtopic HUM 4.2 — Conflict management

ADC
HUM

4.2.1

Identify the reasons for conflict.

3

ALL

ADC
HUM

4.2.2

Describe strategies to cope with human conflicts.

2

Optional content: in your team, in the simulator

ALL

ADC
HUM

4.2.3

Describe actions to prevent human conflicts.

2

ALL

Subtopic HUM 5.1 — Human error

ADI (TWR)
HUM

5.1.1

Explain the relationship between error and safety.

2

Number and combination of errors, proactive versus reactive approach to discovery of error

Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — AN/178 Threat and Error Management (TEM) in Air Traffic Control

ALL

ADI (TWR)
HUM

5.1.2

Differentiate between the types of error.

2

Slips, lapses, mistakes

Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — AN/178 Threat and Error Management (TEM) in Air Traffic Control

ALL

ADI (TWR)
HUM

5.1.3

Describe error-prone conditions.

2

Optional content: increase in traffic, changes in procedures, complexities of systems or traffic, weather, unusual occurrences

ALL

ADI (TWR)
HUM

5.1.4

Collect examples of different error types, their causes and consequences for ATC.

3

Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — AN/178 Threat and Error Management (TEM) in Air Traffic Control

ALL

ADI (TWR)
HUM

5.1.5

Explain how to detect errors to compensate for them.

2

STCA, MSAW, individual and collective strategy

Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — AN/178 Threat and Error Management (TEM) in Air Traffic Control

ALL

ADI (TWR)
HUM

5.1.6

Execute corrective actions.

3

Error compensation

Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — AN/178 Threat and Error Management (TEM) in Air Traffic Control

ALL

ADI (TWR)
HUM

5.1.7

Explain the importance of error management.

2

Optional content: prevention of incidents, safety improvement, revision of procedures and/or working practices

ALL

ADI (TWR)
HUM

5.1.8

Describe the impact on an ATCO’s performance following an occurrence/incident.

2

Optional content: reporting, SMS, investigation, CISM

ALL

Subtopic HUM 5.2 — Violation of rules

ADI (TWR)
HUM

5.2.1

Explain the causes and dangers of violation of rules becoming accepted as a practice.

2

Optional content: ICAO Circular 314 — AN/178 Threat and Error Management (TEM) in Air Traffic Control

ALL

Subtopic HUM 5.1 — Concept of systems in ATM/ANS

ADC
HUM

5.1.1

Explain the concept of systems.

2

People; procedures; equipment; ATM in system terms: simple, complicated, and complex systems; system thinking

ALL

ADC
HUM

5.1.2

Describe how changes in one part of a system may impact the other parts.

2

ALL

ADC
HUM

5.1.3

Describe the role of the human in the system.

2

ALL

Subtopic HUM 6.1 — Communication

ADI (TWR)
HUM

6.1.1

Use communication effectively in ATC.

3

ALL

ADI (TWR)
HUM

6.1.2

Analyse examples of pilot–controller communication for effectiveness.

4

ALL

Subtopic HUM 6.2 — Collaborative work within the same area of responsibility

ADI (TWR)
HUM

6.2.1

List communication means between controllers in charge of the same area of responsibility (sector or tower).

1

Optional content: electronic, written, verbal and non-verbal communication

ALL

ADI (TWR)
HUM

6.2.2

Explain consequences of the use of communication means on effectiveness.

2

Optional content: strip legibility and encoding, label designation, feedback

ALL

ADI (TWR)
HUM

6.2.3

List possible actions to provide a safe position handover.

1

Optional content: rigour, preparation, overlap time

ALL

ADI (TWR)
HUM

6.2.4

Explain consequences of a missed position handover process.

2

ALL

Subtopic HUM 6.3 — Collaborative work between different areas of responsibility

ADI (TWR)
HUM

6.3.1

List factors and means for an effective coordination between sectors and/or tower positions.

1

Optional content: other sectors’ constraints, electronic coordination tools

ALL

Subtopic HUM 6.4 — Controller–pilot cooperation

ADI (TWR)
HUM

6.4.1

Describe parameters affecting controller–pilot cooperation.

2

Optional content: workload, mutual knowledge, controller versus pilot mental picture

ALL

Subtopic HUM 6.1 — Effective communication

ADC
HUM

6.1.1

Explain effective communication in ATC operations.

2

ICAO Doc 9868

ALL

ADC
HUM

6.1.2

Explain key strategies used to enable open communication.

2

Optional content: active listening, active speaking, assertiveness, honesty, relevance, facts, neutrality

ALL

ADC
HUM

6.1.3

Describe the parameters affecting the controller’s competence to communicate effectively.

2

Workload, mutual knowledge, controller versus pilot mental picture, distractions, sound, human conflicts

Optional content: communication between and within the team(s), in the simulator, with the pilots, instructors, coordination partners

ALL

Subtopic HUM 6.2 — Effective feedback

ADC
HUM

6.2.1

Define feedback.

1

ALL

ADC
HUM

6.2.2

Explain the purpose of receiving and giving feedback, and its effect on performance.

2

ALL

ADC
HUM

6.2.3

Consider the impact of communication styles on feedback and on conflict resolution.

2

ALL

ADC
HUM

6.2.4

Integrate feedback into performance.

4

ALL