Navigate / EASA

AMC1 UAS.OPEN.030(2)(c)  UAS operations in subcategory A2

ED Decision 2019/021/R

ADDITIONAL THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE OF SUBJECTS FOR THE EXAMINATION FOR SUBCATEGORY A2

(a)     By passing the additional theoretical knowledge examination, the remote pilot should demonstrate that they:

(1)     understand the safety risks linked with a UAS operation in close proximity to uninvolved people or with a heavier UA;

(2)     are able to assess the ground risk related to the environment where the operation takes place, as well as to flying in close proximity to uninvolved people;

(3)     have a basic knowledge of how to plan a flight and define contingency procedures; and

(4)     understand how weather conditions may affect the performance of the UA.

(b)     The theoretical knowledge examination should cover aspects from the following subjects:

(1)     meteorology:

(i)      the effect of weather on the UA:

(A)     wind (e.g. urban effects, turbulence);

(B)     temperature;

(C)     visibility; and

(D)     the density of the air;

(ii)     obtaining weather forecasts;

(2)     UAS flight performance:

(i)      the typical operational envelope of a rotorcraft, for fixed wing and hybrid configurations;

(ii)     mass and balance, and centre of gravity (CG):

(A)     consider the overall balance when attaching gimbals, payloads;

(B)     understand that payloads can have different characteristics, thus making a difference to the stability of a flight; and

(C)     understand that each different type of UA has a different CG;

(iii)     secure the payload;

(iv)     batteries:

(A)     understand the power source to help prevent potential unsafe conditions;

(B)     familiarise with the existing different kinds of battery types;

(C)     understand the terminology used for batteries (e.g. memory effect, capacity, c‑rate); and

(D)     understand how a battery functions (e.g. charging, usage, danger, storage); and

(3)     technical and operational mitigations for ground risk:

(i)      low-speed mode functions;

(ii)     evaluating the distance from people; and

(iii)     the 1:1 rule.