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AMC2 FCL.735.A Multi-crew cooperation (MCC) training course – aeroplanes

ED Decision 2017/022/R

ENHANCED MCC TRAINING TO AIRLINE PILOT STANDARDS (APS MCC) COURSE

(a)     The APS MCC training course should comprise both theoretical and practical elements and should be designed to achieve the training objectives, as set out in Table 1 below.

Table 1 — Training objectives

Training objectives

Performance indicators

Knowledge

Practical exercises

Monitoring and cross‑checking

(a)         Monitor and cross-check all actions;

(b)         Monitor aeroplane trajectory in critical flight phases;

(c)         Take appropriate actions in response to deviations from the flight path.

(a)         SOPs;

(b)         Aeroplane systems;

(c)         Undesired aeroplane states.

In a commercial air transport environment, apply multi-crew procedures, including principles of TEM and CRM to the following:

(a)         Pre-flight preparation:

(1)    FMS initialisation;

(2)    radio and navigation equipment preparation;

(3)    flight documentation;

(4)    computation of take-off performance data.

(b)         Take-off and climb:

(1)    before take-off checks;

(2)    normal take-offs;

(3)    rejected take-offs;

(4)    take-offs with abnormal and emergency situations included.

(c)         Cruise: emergency descent.

(d)         Descent and approach:

(1)    instrument flight procedures;

(2)    holding;

(3)    3D Operations using raw data;

(4)    3D Operations using flight director;

(5)    3D Operations using autopilot;

(6)    one-engine-inoperative approach;

(7)    2D Operations and circling;

(8)    computation of approach and landing data;

(9)    all engines go-around;

(10) go-around with one engine inoperative;

(11) wind shear during approach.

(e)         landing: transition from instrument to visual flight on reaching decision altitude or height or minimum descent altitude or height;

(f)          after landing and post flight procedures;

(g)         selected emergency and abnormal procedures.

Task sharing

(a)         Apply SOPs in both PF and PM roles;

(b)         Make and respond to standard call-outs.

(a)         PF and PM roles;

(b)         SOPs.

Use of checklists

Utilise checklists appropriately according to SOPs.

(a)         SOPs;

(b)         Checklist philosophy.

Briefings

Prepare and deliver appropriate briefings.

(a)         SOPs;

(b)         Interpretation of FMS data and in-flight documentation.

Flight management

(a)         Maintain a constant awareness of the aeroplane automation state;

(b)         Manage automation to achieve optimum trajectory and minimum workload;

(c)         Take effective recovery actions from automation anomalies;

(d)         Manage aeroplane navigation, terrain clearance;

(e)         Manage aeroplane fuel state and take appropriate actions.

(a)         Understanding of aeroplane performance and configuration;

(b)         Systems;

(c)         SOPs;

(d)         Interpretation of FMS data and in-flight documentation;

(e)         Minimum terrain clearance;

(f)          Fuel management IFR and VFR regulation.

FMS use

Programme, manage and monitor FMS in accordance with SOPs.

(a)         Systems (FMS);

(b)         SOPs;

(c)         Automation.

Systems normal operations

Perform and monitor normal systems operation in accordance with SOPs.

(a)         Systems;

(b)         SOPs.

Systems abnormal and emergency operations

(a)         Perform and monitor abnormal systems operation in accordance with SOPs;

(b)         Utilise electronic and paper abnormal checklists in accordance with SOPs.

(a)         Systems;

(b)         SOPs;

(c)         Emergency and abnormal procedures and checklists;

(d)         Recall items.

Environment, weather and air traffic control (ATC)

(a)         Communicate effectively with ATC;

(b)         Avoid misunderstandings by requesting clarification;

(c)         Adhere to ATC instructions;

(d)         Construct a mental model of the local ATC and weather environment.

(a)         Systems;

(b)         SOPs;

(c)         ATC environment and phraseology;

(d)         Procedures for hazardous weather conditions.

 

(b)     The APS MCC training course should include advanced swept-wing jet aeroplane training and airline operations scenario training to equip a pilot with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes required to commence initial type rating training to the standards generally required by a commercial air transport (CAT) operator certified pursuant to Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 (the ‘Air OPS Regulation’).

(c)      The APS MCC course should consist of the following:

(1)     the content of the MCC training course;

(2)     advanced swept-wing jet aeroplane training;

(3)     advanced airline operations scenario training; and

(4)     a final assessment.

(d)     The flight simulation training device (FSTD) time per crew during practical training should be a minimum of 40 hours, or 35 for an integrated airline transport pilot licence (ATPL) holders, as set out in Table 2 below.

Table 2 — Minimum hours

Training element

Minimum FSTD time per crew

MCC TRAINING

20 hours/15 hours

ADVANCED SWEPT-WING JET AEROPLANE TRAINING

12 hours

ADVANCED AIRLINE OPERATIONS SCENARIO TRAINING

6 hours

FINAL ASSESSMENT

2 hours

 

The training elements may be ordered, split and combined, as determined by the approved training organisation (ATO)’s course design.

(e)     The ATO should provide generic stand-alone or CAT-operator-specific APS MCC training, advanced swept-wing jet aeroplane training and advanced airline operations scenario training. In the case of generic stand-alone training, the ATO should establish appropriate documentation and manuals representative of a CAT operator, such as manuals for aeroplane original-equipment manufacturers (OEMs), standard operating procedures (SOPs), flight documentation, as well as reporting and documentation for management systems.

FSTDs

(f)      The practical training in the APS MCC training course should be based on a multi-pilot, multi-engine aeroplane type capable of carrying at least 50 passengers or equivalent mass. The FSTD used should be type-specific and equipped with a visual system that provides at least 180° horizontal and 40° vertical field of view. However, an FNPT II MCC that has a similar visual cueing system to the above or is approved for MCC pursuant to FCL.735.A may also be acceptable provided that the device is representative of the same class of multi-pilot, multi-engine aeroplane specified in this paragraph in terms of passenger load, mass and performance, and equipped with equivalent aeroplane systems and avionics functionality.

(g)     In the case of advanced swept-wing jet aeroplane practical training, an FSTD representing a swept-wing multi-engine jet aeroplane should be used.

INSTRUCTOR QUALIFICATION

(h)     The minimum qualification level of an instructor to deliver the training course should be an MCCI(A). The ATO should ensure that:

(1)     all the instructors, before delivering the training course content, have received training on the application of core competencies as well as competency-based training; and

(2)     before the MCCI(A) delivers the advanced swept-wing jet handling or airline operations scenario training elements, they have satisfactorily completed relevant specific handling, systems and technical instructor training under the supervision of an SFI or TRI with the privilege to instruct for multi-pilot aeroplanes.

(i)      The final assessment should be completed by an instructor nominated by the head of training (HT) for this purpose.

COURSE DESIGN AND CORE COMPETENCIES

(j)      The course should be designed using instructional systems design (ISD) methodology.

(k)     Progress should be monitored throughout the course in accordance with the course design.

(l)      A final progress assessment should be conducted at the end of the practical training.

PROGRESS ASSESSMENTS AND COURSE COMPLETION CERTIFICATE

(m)    Practical training and progress assessments should be conducted to ensure that the student pilot has demonstrated the required level of competency (see Tables 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of this AMC).

(n)     During progress assessments, the student’s knowledge, skills and attitudes in both pilot flying and pilot monitoring roles should be assessed; those assessments should be integrated into the training sessions.

(o)     All assessments should be graded. An example of a grading system for the APS MCC is provided in GM3 FCL.735.A.

(p)     For the final assessment, the minimum standard for each competency should be at least ‘satisfactory’. ‘Satisfactory’ is defined as demonstrating 75 % or greater of the relevant performance indicators/observable behaviours set out in the table of GM3 FCL.735.A.

(q)     A student pilot who has reached a satisfactory or higher standard at the final assessment of the practical training should be awarded the APS MCC course completion certificate pursuant to AMC2 FCL.735.A.

(r)      Alternatively, a student pilot who completes the APS MCC course but does not achieve the APS MCC standard should be awarded the MCC course completion certificate pursuant to AMC1 FCL.735.A; FCL.735.H; FCL.735.As.

APS MCC TRAINING COURSE CONTENT AND PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

(s)      The elements of AMC1 FCL.735.A(c) should be enhanced as a result of the additional training in an airline context.

(t)      CRM training should be provided to an APS MCC standard.

Table 3 — APS MCC CRM TRAINING CONTENT AND PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

Training

Performance indicators

Knowledge

Practical exercises

CRM training

(a)         Display competency in the relevant CRM-related behaviours.

(b)         Successfully complete the final progress check.

Understand the CRM concepts set out in ORO.FC.115 of Annex III (Part-ORO) to the Air OPS Regulation.

Integrate CRM into all practical exercises of the APS MCC.

 

(1)     The ATO should ensure that the student pilot understands how multi-crew coordination as well as the content and intent of CRM in ORO.FC.115 is applied in an airline context.

(2)     In order to impart maximum learning to the student pilot, the ATO should ensure the following:

(i)      CRM is integrated into all practical exercises of the APS MCC; and

(ii)     Threat-and-error management (TEM) is central to the course instruction; the concepts of threat anticipation, threat recognition, recovery to safe flight, error management, and consequent avoidance of undesired aeroplanes states is emphasised at all times.

Table 4 — ADVANCED APS MCC FLYING TRAINING COURSE CONTENT AND PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

Training

Performance indicators

Knowledge

Practical exercises

Advanced swept-wing flying training

(a)         Understand and apply combinations of thrust and attitude that ensure a stable, safe flight in various aeroplane configurations and altitudes.

(b)         Manage the (much) wider range of speed and thrust at both low level and high level.

(c)         Demonstrate good judgement and correct use of lift and drag devices during various phases of the flight.

(d)         Use displays along with all available aids to stay mentally ahead when piloting all profiles.

(e)         Understand and recognise the precursors of high‑energy approaches.

(f)          Know angle-of-attack (AoA) versus attitude indications at low level as well as at high level.

(g)         Practice upset prevention as a priority, and clearly recognise when and how recovery is necessary, by using the required pilot skills to mitigate loss of control in-flight (LOC-I) events.

Elements and components of jet orientation:

(a)         glass cockpit displays;

(b)         propulsion;

(c)         aerodynamics;

(d)         flight controls;

(e)         performance;

(f)          jet flight planning;

(g)         weight and balance;

(h)         basic jet flying;

(i)          pilot techniques for jet flying, advanced- handling-skills development;

(j)          flight path management;

(k)         auto flight;

(l)          high-altitude operations;

(m)       introduction into prevention and recovery of upsets.

(a)         Take-off, approach, landing, go‑around.

(b)         Flight deck management practices.

(c)         Complex problem-solving techniques.

(d)         Advanced handling.

(e)         Manual handling skills (no autopilot, no auto thrust, and where possible, no flight director).

(f)          Flight at different speeds, including slow flight and altitudes within the normal flight envelope.

(g)         Steep turns.

(h)         Aeroplane stability and stall awareness.

(i)          Upset prevention techniques and approach-to-stall recovery events (appropriate to FSTD limitations and capabilities).

(j)          High-energy approach prevention.

(k)         Go-around management of approach and landing configurations.

Advanced airline operations scenario training

(a)                    Execute pre-flight preparation in accordance with airline or OEM SOPs.

(b)                   Conduct an effective crew briefing, including cabin crew managers (CCMs).

(c)                    Display good airmanship and TEM skills in assessing aeroplane serviceability, weather planning, fuel planning, and destination facilities.

(d)                   Conduct cockpit preparation and briefings in an effective and accurate manner.

(e)                    Manage and execute engine start, taxi-out and pre-take-off checks safely and in accordance with airline or OEM SOPs.

(f)                      Manage and execute runway line-up, take-off, climb, cruising, descent, approach, landing and taxi-in safely and in accordance with airline or OEM SOPs.

(g)         During non-normal operations, display good system knowledge, and apply non- normal procedures, communications, TEM, situational awareness (SA), decision-making and aeroplane handling.

(a)                    Knowledge of systems as set out in this AMC.

(b)                   SOPs.

(c)                    Normal-and non-normal operations’ checklists and procedures.

(a)                    CHECK-IN PROCEDURES.

(b)                   PRE-FLIGHT PREPARATION:

(1)      weather analysis;

(2)      flight planning;

(3)      fuel planning;

(4)      configuration deviation list (CDL), dispatch deviation procedures guide (DDPG), and minimum equipment list (MEL) analysis; and

(5)      cabin crew briefing.

(c)         NORMAL PROCEDURES:
cockpit preparation, pushback, engine starting, taxiing, take-off, climb, cruising, descent, landing, shutdown, and disembarkation procedures.

(d)         ON TIME PERFORMANCE:

(1)      weather analysis;

(2)      flight planning; and

(3)      fuel planning.

(e)         NON-NORMAL PROCEDURES:

(1)      as per (c) above, in case of a technical or operational non-normal event;

(2)      TEM;

(3)      diversion decision‑making;

(4)      communication;

(5)      diversion;

(6)      fuel SA; and

(7)      passenger and crew care.

Table 5 — ADVANCED APS MCC AIRLINE TRAINING CONTENT AND PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

Training

Performance Indicators

Knowledge

Practical Exercises

Airline-oriented training

(a)                    Understand the roles of airline departments.

(b)                   Understand the challenges faced by airline departments.

(c)                    Understand the relationships between airline departments.

(d)                   Understand airline responsibilities.

(e)                    Understand a pilot’s responsibilities as a crew member.

Appropriate elements of the applicable Regulation (Regulation (EU) No 1178/2012 (the ‘Aircrew Regulation’) and the Air OPS Regulation).

The exercise should provide the student pilot with a practical understanding of airline operations. This may be achieved through a visit to an airline or alternative means.

 

CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION FORM

CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION OF APS MCC-TRAINING

Applicant’s last name(s):

 

 

First name(s):

 

Type of licence:

 

 

Number:

State:

ME/IR:

 

 

OR

ME/IR skill test:

 

Issued on:

 

 

passed on:

 

 

Signature of applicant:

 

 

The satisfactory completion of APS MCC training according to requirements is certified below:

 

TRAINING

Multi-crew cooperation training to airline pilot standards received during period:

from:

to:

at:

ATO/operator*

Location and date:

Signature of head of ATO or authorised instructor*:

Type and number of licence and state of issue:

Name(s) in capital letters of authorised instructor:

* Delete as appropriate
Details
Source-Title: AMC2 FCL.735.A Multi-crew cooperation (MCC) training course - aeroplanes
Erulesid: ERULES-1963177438-10646 Compare versions
Domain: Aircrew
Applicabilitydate: 12 December, 2017
Entryintoforcedate: 12 December, 2017
Regulatorysource: ED Decision 2017/022/R Navigate
Regulatorysubject: Part-FCL
Typeofcontent: AMC to IR (Acceptable means of compliance to implementing rule)
Parentir: FCL.735.A Multi-crew cooperation training course - aeroplanes
Origin: EASA
Category: EAR