Communication

(a)         Know what, how much and who to communicate to;

(b)         Ensure the recipient is ready and able to receive the information;

(c)         Pass messages and information clearly, accurately, timely and adequately;

(d)         Check if the other person has the correct understanding when passing important information;

(e)         Listen actively, patiently and demonstrate understanding when receiving information;

(f)          Ask relevant and effective questions, and offer suggestions;

(g)         Use appropriate body language, eye contact and tone;

(h)         Open and receptive to other people’s view.

(a)         Human Factors, TEM and CRM;

(b)         Application of TEM and CRM principles to training.

In a commercial air transport environment, apply multi-crew procedures, including principles of TEM and CRM to the following:

(a)         Pre-flight preparation:

(1)    FMS initialisation;

(2)    radio and navigation equipment preparation;

(3)    flight documentation;

(4)    computation of take-off performance data.

(b)         Take-off and climb:

(1)    before take-off checks;

(2)    normal take-offs;

(3)    rejected take-offs;

(4)    take-offs with abnormal and emergency situations included.

(c)         Cruise: emergency descent.

(d)         Descent and approach:

(1)    instrument flight procedures;

(2)    holding;

(3)    3D Operations using raw data;

(4)    3D Operations using flight director;

(5)    3D Operations using autopilot;

(6)    one-engine-inoperative approach;

(7)    2D Operations and circling;

(8)    computation of approach and landing data;

(9)    all engines go-around;

(10)  go-around with one engine inoperative;

(11)  wind shear during approach.

(e)         landing: transition from instrument to visual flight on reaching decision altitude or height or minimum descent altitude or height;

(f)          after landing and post flight procedures;

(g)         selected emergency and abnormal procedures.

Leadership and team working

(a)         Friendly, enthusiastic, motivating and considerate of others;

(b)         Use initiative, give direction and take responsibility when required;

(c)         Open and honest about thoughts, concerns and intentions;

(d)         Give and receive criticism and praise well, and admit mistakes;

(e)         Confidently do and say what is important to him or her;

(f)          Demonstrate respect and tolerance towards other people;

(g)         Involve others in planning and share activities fairly.

Situational awareness

(a)         Be aware of what the aircraft and its systems are doing;

(b)         Be aware of where the aircraft is and its environment;

(c)         Keep track of time and fuel;

(d)         Be aware of the condition of people involved in the operation including passengers;

(e)         Recognise what is likely to happen, plan and stay ahead of the game;

(f)          Develop what-if scenarios and make pre-decisions;

(g)         Identify threats to the safety of the aircraft and of the people.

Workload management

(a)         Be calm, relaxed, careful and not impulsive;

(b)         Prepare, prioritise and schedule tasks effectively;

(c)         Use time efficiently when carrying out tasks;

(d)         Offer and accept assistance, delegate when necessary and ask for help early;

(e)         Review and monitor and cross-check actions conscientiously;

(f)          Follow procedures appropriately and consistently;

(g)         Concentrate on one thing at a time, ensure tasks are completed and does not become distracted;

(h)         Carry out instructions as directed.

Problem-solving and decision-making

(a)         Identify and verify why things have gone wrong and do not jump to conclusions or make assumptions;

(b)         Seek accurate and adequate information from appropriate resources;

(c)         Persevere in working through a problem;

(d)         Use and agree an appropriate decision making process;

(e)         Agree essential and desirable criteria and prioritises;

(f)          Consider as many options as practicable;

(g)         Make decisions when they need to, reviews and changes if required;

(h)         Consider risks but do not take unnecessary risks.

Monitoring and cross‑checking

(a)         Monitor and cross-checks all actions;

(b)         Monitor aircraft trajectory in critical flight phases;

(c)         Take appropriate actions in response to deviations from the flight path.

(a)         SOPs;

(b)         Aircraft systems;

(c)         Undesired aircraft states.

Task sharing

(a)         Apply SOPs in both PF and pilot monitoring (PM) roles;

(b)         Makes and responds to standard call-outs.

(a)         PF and PM roles;

(b)         SOPs.

Use of checklists

Utilise checklists appropriately according to SOPs.

(a)         SOPs;

(b)         Checklist philosophy.

Briefings

Prepare and deliver appropriate briefings.

(a)         SOPs;

(b)         Interpretation of FMS data and in-flight documentation.

Flight management

(a)         Maintain a constant awareness of the aircraft automation state;

(b)         Manage automation to achieve optimum trajectory and minimum workload;

(c)         Take effective recovery actions from automation anomalies;

(d)         Manage aircraft navigation, terrain clearance;

(e)         Manage aircraft fuel state and take appropriate actions.

(a)         Understanding of aircraft performance and configuration;

(b)         Systems;

(c)         SOPs;

(d)         Interpretation of FMS data and in-flight documentation;

(e)         Minimum terrain clearance;

(f)          Fuel management IFR and VFR regulation.

FMS use

Programme, manage and monitor FMS in accordance with SOPs.

(a)         Systems (FMS);

(b)         SOPs;

(c)         Automation.

Systems normal operations

Perform and monitor normal systems operation in accordance with SOPs.

(a)         Systems;

(b)         SOPs.

Systems abnormal and emergency operations

(a)         Perform and monitor abnormal systems operation in accordance with SOPs;

(b)         Utilise electronic and paper abnormal checklists in accordance with SOPs.

(a)         Systems;

(b)         SOPs;

(c)         Emergency and abnormal procedures and checklists;

(d)         Recall items.

Environment, weather and ATC

(a)         Communicate effectively with ATC;

(b)         Avoid misunderstandings by requesting clarification;

(c)         Adhere to ATC instructions;

(d)         Construct a mental model of the local ATC and weather environment.

(a)         Systems;

(b)         SOPs;

(c)         ATC environment and phraseology;

(d)         Procedures for hazardous weather conditions.